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2012年高考试题英语A卷答案与解析(广东卷)

2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（广东卷）A

英语

I 语言知识及应用（共两节，满分45分）

第一节完形填空（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1~15各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

We all know that some things are obviously right. For example, it is right to be _1_ to other people. It is also right to look after the environment. Some things are _2_ wrong, too. For instance, we should not hurt or bully(欺负) others, nor should we litter. Rules often tell us what is right or wrong.

Rules can help the public make the right _3_,and remain safe. Car drivers have to obey traffic regulations that tell them the right things to do on the road to avoid crashes. Cyclists who give signals before turning or stopping help prevent _4_.

If people follow rules without taking other matters into consideration, it will be _5_ for them to form what is sometimes called a “black and white” view. For example, they may believe that people should always tell the truth, and that lying is _6_ acceptable. Such people always stick to their views, even if it means that they may get into _7_.

Sometimes it may not be so easy to know _8_ what is right or wrong. Some people choose not to eat meat because they believe that it is _9_ to eat animals, but others argue that they can eat meat and _10_ be kind to animals; some insist that stealing is always wrong, but others think that one does not need to feel to _11_ when stealing some food to eat, if lives in a really poor area and he is _12_. Rules help us live together in harmony, because they show us the right way to _13_ other .However, some people argue that rules may be _14_, having observed that rules change all the time , and that some schools have some regulations and other have different ones ----so who is to _15_ what is right ?

1 A .kind

2 A .equally

3. A suggestions

4. A accidents

5. A. interesting

6 .A. seldom

7. A. trouble

8. A. roughly

9. A. awful

10. A still

11. A. nervous

12. A. begging

13 A. follow

14. A. disgusting

15. A. predict B .sensitive

B . slightly

B. conclusions

B. mistakes

B. vital

B. rarely

B. power

B. eventually

B. cruel

B. even

B. anxious

B. staving

B. instruct

B. confusing

B. explain

C. fair

C. clearly

C. turns

C. falls

C. easy

C. merely

C. prison

C. deliberately

C. unhealthy

C. later

C. afraid

C. growing

C. treat

C. unsafe

C. decide

D. generous

D. increasingly

D. choices

D deaths

D. valuable

D. never

D. control

D exactly

D. unnecessary

D. somehow

D. guilty

D. wandering

D. protect

D. unimportant

D. consider

第二节语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分）

阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用口号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为16~25的相应位置上。

Mary will ever forget the first time she saw him. He suddenly appeared in class one day, _16_ (wear) sun glasses. He walked in as if he _17_ (buy) the school. And the word quickly got around that he was from New York City.

For some reason he sat beside Mary. Mary felt _18_ (please), because there were many empty seats in the room .But she quickly realized that it wasn’t her, it was probably the fact that she sat in _19_last row.

_20_ he thought he cloud escape attention by sitting at the back, he was wrong. It might have made it a little _21_ (hard) for everybody because it meant they had to turn around, but that didn’t stop the kids in the class. Of course whenever they turned to look at him, they had to look at Mary, _22_ made her feel like a star.

“Do you need those glasses for medical reasons?” the teacher asked .The new boy shook his head.”Then I’d appreciate it if you didn’t wear them in class .I like to look at your eyes when I’m speaking to you.” The new boy looked at the teacher _23_ a few seconds and all the other students wondered _24_ the boy would do .Then he took _25_ off, gave a big smile and said “That is cool.”

II 阅读（共两节，满分50分）

第一节阅读理解（共20小题；第小题2分，满分40分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

“Have a nice day!” may be a pleasant gesture or a meaningless expression. When my friend Maxie says “have a nice day’ with a smile, I know she sincerely cares about what happens to me. I feel loved and secure since another person cares about me and wishes me well.

“Have a nice day, nest!” this version of the expression is spoken by a salesgirl at the supermarket who is rushing me and my groceries out the door. The words come out in the same tone with a fixed procedure. They are spoken at me, not to me. Obviously, the concern for my day and everyone else’s is the management’s attempt to increase business.

The expression is one of those behaviors that help people get along with each other. Sometimes in indicates the end of a meeting. As soon as you hear it, you know the meeting is at an end. Sometimes the expressions save us when we don’t know what to say. “Oh, you just had a tooth out? I am terrible sorry, but have a nic e day.”

The expression can be pleasant. If a stranger says “have a nice day” to you, you may find it heart-warming because someone you don’t know has tries to be nice to you.

Although the use of the expression is an insincere, meaningless social custom at times, there is nothing wrong with the sentence except that it’s a little uninteresting. The salesgirl, the waitress, the teacher, and all the countless others who speak it without thinking may not really care about my day. but in a strange and comfortable way. it’s nice to know they are enough to pretend they care when their really don’t care all that much. While the expression may not often be sincere, it’s always spoken. The point is that people say it all the time when they like.

26. How does the author understand Maxie’s words?

A. Maxie shows her anxiety to the author.

B. Maxie really wishes the author a good day.

C. Maxie encourages the author to stay happy.

D. Maxie really worries about the author’s security.

27. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 mean?

A. The salesgirl is rude.

B. The salesgirl is bored.

C. The salesgirl cares about me.

D. The salesgirl says the words as a routine.

28. By saying“Have a nice day,”a stranger may _____.

A. try to be polite to you

B. express respect to you

C. give his blessing to you

D. share his pleasure with you

29. According to the last paragraph, people say“Have a nice day”_______.

A. sincerely

B. as thanks

C. as a habit

D. encouragingly

30. What is the best title of the passage?

A. Have a Nice Day—a Social Custom

B. Have a Nice Day—a Pleasant Gesture

C. Have a Nice Day—a Heart-warming Greeting

D. Have a Nice Day—a Polite Ending of a Conversation

I have been consistently opposed to feeding a baby regularly. As a doctor, mother and scientist in child deve lopment I believe there is nothing to recommend it, from the baby’s point of view.

Mothers, doctors and nurse alike have no idea of where a baby’s blood sugar level lies. All we know is that a low level is harmful to brain development and makes a baby easily annoyed. In this state, the baby is difficult to calm down and sleep is impossible. The baby asks for attention by crying and searching for food with its mouth.

It is not just unkind but also dangerous to say a four-hourly feeding schedule will make a baby satisfied. The first of the experts to advocate a strict clock-watching schedule was Dr Frederic Truby King who was against feeding in the night. I’ve never heard anything so ridiculous. Baby feeding shouldn’t follow a timetable set by the mum. What is important is feeding a baby In the best way, though it may cause some inconvenience in the first few weeks.

Well, at last we have copper-bottomed research that supports demand feeding and points out the weaknesses of strictly timed feeding. The research finds out that babies who are fed on demand do better at school at age 5, 7, 11 and 14, than babies fed according to the clock. By the age of 8, their IQ （智商）scores are four to five percent higher than babies fed by a rigid timetable. This

Research comes from Oxford and Essex University using a sample (样本)of 10,419 children born in the early 1990s,taking account of parental education, family income, a child’s sex and age, the mother’s health and feeling style. These results don’t surprise me. Feeling according to schedule runs the risk of harming the rapidly growing brain by taking no account of sinking blood sugar levels.

I hope this research will put an end to advocating strictly timed baby feeling practices.

31.According to Paragraph 2,one reason why a baby cries is that it feels______.

A. sick

B. upset

C. sleepy

D. hungry

32.What does the author think about Dr King?

A. He is strict

B. He is unkind

C. He has the wrong idea.

D. He sets a timetable for mothers

33. The word copper-bottomed in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to _________.

A. basic

B. reliable

C. surprising

D. interesting

34.What does the research tell us about feeling a baby on demand?

A. The baby will sleep well.

B. The baby will have its brain harmed.

C. The baby will have a low blood sugar level.

D. The baby will grow to be wiser by the age of 8.

35. The author supports feeling the baby_______.

A. in the night

B. every four hours

C. whenever it wants food

D. according to its blood sugar level

I was blind, but I was ashamed of it if it was known. I refused to use a white stick and hated asking for help.

After all, I was a teenager girl, and I couldn’t bear people to look at me and think I was not like them. I must have been a terrible danger on the roads, coming across me wandering through the traffic, motorists probably would have to step rapidly on their brakes. Apart from that, there were all sorts of disasters that used to occur on the way to and from work.

One evening, I got off the bus about halfway home where I had to change buses, and as usual I ran into something,“I’m awfully sorry,”I said and stepped forward only to run into it again. When it happened a third time, I realized I had been apologizing to a lamppost. This was just one of the stupid things that constantly happened to me. So I carried on and found the bus stop, which was a request stop, where the bus wouldn’t stop unless passengers wanted to get on or off. No one else was there and I had to try to guess if the bus had arrived.

Generally in this situation, because I hated showing I was blind by asking for help, I tried to guess at the sound. Sometimes I would stop a big lorry and stand there feeling stupid as it drew away. In the end, I usually managed to swallow my pride and ask someone at the stop for help.

But on this particular evening no one joined me at the stop; It seemed that everyone had suddenly decided not to travel by bus. Of course I heard plenty of buses pass, or I thought I did. But because I had given up stopping them for fear of making a fool of myself, I let them all go by. I stood there alone for half an hour without stopping one. Then I gave up. I decided to walk on to the next stop.

36. The girl refused to ask for help because she thought_________.

A. she might be recognized

B. asking for help looked silly

C. she was normal and independent

D. being fond blind was embarrassing

37. After the girl got off the bus that evening, she_________.

A. began to run

B. hit a person as usual

C. hit a lamppost by accident

D. was caught by something

38. At the request stop that evening, the girl___________.

A. stopped a big lorry

B. stopped the wrong bus

C. made no attempt to stop the bus

D. was not noticed by other people

39. What was the problem with guessing at the sound to stop a bus?

A. Other vehicles also stopped there.

B. It was unreliable for making judgments.

C. More lorries than buses responded to the girl.

D. It took too much time for the girl to catch the bus.

40. Finally the girl decided to walk to the next stop, hoping__________.

A. to find people there

B. to find more buses there

C. to find the bus by herself there

D. to find people more helpful there

Sports account for a growing amount of income made on the sales of commercial time by television companies. Many television companies have used sports to attract viewers from particular sections of the general public, and then they have sold audiences to advertisers.

An attraction of sport programs for the major U.S. media companies is that events are often held on Saturday and

Sunday afternoons—the slowest time periods of the week for general television viewing. Sport events are the most popular weekend programs, especially among male viewers who may not watch much television at other times during the week. This means the television networks are able to sell advertising time at relatively high prices during what normally would be dead time for programming.

Media corporations also use sports to attract commercial sponsors that might take their advertising dollars elsewhere if television stations did not report certain sports. The people in the advertising departments of major corporations realize that sports attract made viewers. They also realize that most business travelers are men and that many men make family decisions on the purchases of computers, cars and life insurance.

Golf and tennis are special cases for television programming. These sports attract few viewers, and the ratings(收视率)are unusually low. However, the audience for these sports is attractive to certain advertisers. It is made up of people from the highest income groups in the United States, to certain advertisers. It is made up of people from the highest income groups in the United States, including many lawyers and business managers. This is why television reporting of golf and tennis is sponsored by companies selling high-priced cars. business and personal computer, and holiday trips .This is also why the networks continue to carry these programs regardless of low ratings.

Advertisers are willing to pay high fees to reach high-income consumers and those managers who make decisions to buy thousands of “company cars” and computer, with such viewers, these programs don’t need high ratings to stay on the air.

41. Television sport programs on weekend afternoons ____________.

A. result in more sport event

B. get more viewers to play sports

C. make more people interested in television

D. bring more money to the television networks

42. Why would weekend afternoons become dead time without sport programs?

A. Because there would be few viewers

B. Because the advertisers would be off work

C. Because television programs would go slowly

D. Because viewers would pay less for watching television

43. In many families, men make decision on ____________.

A. holiday

B. sports viewing

C. television shopping

D. expensive purchases

44. The ratings are not important for golf and tennis programs because ____________.

A. their advertisers are carmakers

B. their viewers are attracted by sports

C. their advertisers target at rich people

D. their viewers can afford expensive cars

45. What is the passage mainly about?

A. Television viewers are determined by male viewers

B. Rich viewers contribute most to television companies

C. Sports are gaining importance in advertising on television

D. Commercial advertisers are the major sponsors of sport event

第二节信息匹配（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）

阅读下列应用文及相关信息，并按照要求匹配信息。请在答题卡上将对应题号的相应选项字母涂黑。

首先阅读下列某实习编辑从一组读者来信中整理出来的关键备忘信息：

以下信函为上面关键备忘信息的来源。为有效管理资料，请将关键备忘信息与信函原件匹配起来。

Ⅲ写作（共两节，满分40分）

第一节基础写作（共1小题；满分15分）你接受了一项写作任务，要为英语校报写一篇人物介绍。

【写作内容】

请根据以下信息，介绍一位传奇人物

【写作要求】

只能用5个句子表达全部内容

【评分标准】

句子结构准确，信息内容完整，篇章连贯。

第二节读写任务（共1小题；满分25分）

阅读下面短文，然后按要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。

My husband received a letter a month ago a young woman who had been his student when she was in middle school. She was writing because she wanted to thank for having a great influence in her life.

In the letter she wrote,“You were the teacher who helped me discover my talent for math. Before you came to teach us, I had been terribly poor at math, and had never thought that I would be interested in it. To my surprise, you magically showed me the beauty of math. I guess that was the turning point of my attitude towards it. Gradually my interest in it began to grow. Thanks to your encouragement, I made continuous progress in math, and finally made up my mind to study it in the university. Today I am working as an accountant at Valley Medical Center in California. You played an important part. Thank you!”

What a wonderful gift to a retired teacher! My husband has received many letters from students over the years. This one was special, for it arrived at this time in his life when he is in very poor health.

【写作内容】

1.以约30个词概括上文的主要内容。

2.以约120个词就老师影响学生的话题谈谈你的想法，内容包括：

（1）上文使你想起哪位对你帮助最大的老师；

（2）举例说明该老师对你学习或成长的影响；

（3）你怎样看待老师对学生的影响。

【写作要求】

1.作文中可以使用亲身经历或虚构的故事，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子。

2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。

【评分标准】

概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，语篇连贯。

广东考试院标准答案

1-5ACDAC 6-10DADBA 11-15DBCBC 16. wearing 17. had bought 18. pleased 19. the 20. If 21. harder 22. which 23. for 24. what 25. them

26-30 BDACA 41-45 DADCC 31-35 DCBDC

46-50 FACBE

36-40 DCCBA

答案解析

1. A 与下文hurt or bully(欺负) others 意义相对的应是be kind to others，反义同现。

2. C 与第一句some things are obviously right相对应，与obviously近义复现的是clearly。

3. D 由常识和下句?…tell them the right things to do on the road?可知，规章是告诉人们对该如何做作出正

确?选择?。

4. A 由常识和上面中的avoid crashes可知，选A。accidents与crash是上下义复现。

5. C 由逻辑推断可知，如果人们遵守规章而不用考虑其他事情，他们就很?容易?形成是?黑白?观。

6. D 因tell the truth与lying相对，而与always相对的应是never。

7. A 由常识可知，坚持自己的观点的人有时也会?惹上麻烦?。?上台(get into power)?与语境不符，?坐牢(get

into prison)?似乎也是可能发生的，但可能言重了。

8. D 由下面的例子可知，有时很难?严格地?区分正确与错误。

9. B 由but可知，应选与下文中kind相对的cruel。反义同现。

10.A 他们认为可以吃肉，但对动物?依然?是友好的。

11.D 根据俗语?做贼心虚?可知，偷东西应有?犯罪感?，即感到犯了罪(guilty)。

12.B 因与poor(贫穷)同现的应是starving(挨饿)。

13.C 由因果关系可知，?规章制度有助于我们和睦相处，因为规章制度告诉我们‘对待’他人的正确方式?。

14.B 由最后一句?that some schools have some regulations and others have different ones…?可知，规章制度也

可能是?令人困惑的?。

15.C 既然不同学校的规章不同，该由谁来?评判?什么是正确的呢？

16.wearing 因已有谓语动词appeared，动词wear前又没有并列连词，即wear不是并列谓语，它应是非谓语

动词，作状语，表示伴随情况；又因he与wear是主动关系，故用现在分词。

17.had bought 在主格人称代词he后，显然是作谓语；又因他不可是买下了这个学校，故应用虚拟语气，与

过去事实相反，故填had bought。

18.pleased 在系动词felt后作表语，用形容词，表示?高兴的?。

19.the 特指最后的那一排，或在序数词前，用定冠词。

20.If 因he thought…与he was wrong是两个句子，且两者之间没有关联词，必定是填关联词；根据两句之间

的逻辑关系，应填表示条件的连词if(如果，要是)。

21.harder 作宾补依然是要用形容词，所以不作词类转换，可考虑比较级；句中a little修饰比较级harder，表

示?更难一点?。

22.which 引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面整个句子。

23.for 表示某个动词或状态延续了多久，用?for +时间段?。

24.what 引导宾语从句并在从句中作do的宾语，故用连接代词。

25.them 代替前面的those glasses，作took off的宾语，用人称代词的宾格。

26.B 细节理解题。由第一段最后两句可知，特别是?cares about me and wishes me well?等字眼。

27.D 句意理解题。由第二段最后一句可知。

28.A 细节理解题。由第四段可知，特别是?has tried to be nice to you?最为明显。

29.C 深层理解题。由第一句(特别是custom一词)和最后一段的最后两句(While the expression may not often be

sincere, it is always spoken. The point is that people say it all the time when they like.)可知，人们常说?Have a nice day?已成为一种习惯了。

30.A 主旨大意题。由最后一段，特别是该段的第一句(特别是custom一词)可知。

31.D 细节理解题。由第二段最后一句?The baby asks for attention by crying and searching for food with its

mouth?可知。

32.C 推理判断题。由第三段第三句I’ve never heard anything so ridiculous ( 荒谬可笑的)以及本文最后一句可

知。

33.B 词义猜测题。由第四段的具体描述可知。

34.D 细节理解题。由第四段第三句?By the age of 8, their IQ（智商）scores are four to five percent higher than

babies fed by a rigid timetable?可知。

35.C 由本文的第一句(I have been consistently opposed to feeding a baby regularly)就提出观点，?反对定期喂婴

儿?，最后一句(I hope this research will put an end to advocating strictly timed baby feeding practices)希望结束主张严格按时喂养的习惯。既然?不定期?，也就是按婴儿需要喂养，故选C。

36.D

37.C

38.C 细节理解题。由题干中的that evening可知，问的是?那天晚上发生的事?，即信息点应在第2和4段，

因为第3段是讲通常的情况而不是当晚，所以A和B两个选项就很容易排除了。根据第2段最后一句No one else was there可知，当晚只有她一个人在那等车，都没有人在身边，怎么可能被人注意到呢？据此可排除D；根据第4段中的But because I had given up stopping them for fear of making a fool of myself, I let them all go by. I stood there alone for half an hour without stopping one.可知，特别用的是过去完成时（had given up），可见她怕拦错车，出洋相，早就放弃努力自己拦车了，因此当晚她并没有努力去拦车，因此，选项C正确。

39.B 推理判断题。由Sometimes I would stop a big lorry可知，靠声音来判断有时是靠不住的。

40.A 推理判断题。从I had given up stopping them for fear of making a fool of myself可知，她本人不想拦车了，

又由managed to swallow my pride and ask someone at the stop for help可知，她是决定找人帮忙了，而在本站没有人，去下一站当然就是希望在那里可以找到人帮忙。

41.D 根据This means the television networks are able to sell advertising time at relatively high prices during what

normally would be dead time for programming.可知，周末的体育节目能给电视台带来很多的利益。

42.A 根据上Saturday and Sunday afternoons—the slowest time periods of the week for general television viewing.

和among male viewers who may not watch much television at other times during the week.可知，周末本来就很少人看电视，因此如果取消体育节目，便几乎没有人在周末下午看电视了。

43.D 根据many men make family decisions on the purchases of computers, cars and life insurance可知，男人决定

买一些贵重物品。

44.C 根据It is made up of people from the highest incomes groups in the United States可知，电视台不在乎他们

播放高尔夫的网球时电视率低，因为他们的目标是高收入人群即rich people。

45.C 主旨大意题。本文主要在讲电视台通过播放体育节目而让广告商注入资金。

基础写作参考范文

Allan Stewart, an Australian old man, born on March 7, 1915, is already the holder of the world record for being the oldest graduate. He thinks it is never too late to challenge oneself to achieve something worthwhile. He got his first degree in 1936, later along with a doctor’s degree of medicine. He decided to study law in his eighties, and he got the master’s degree in 2006, which was his third degree. In 2012, he received his fourth degree by network learning, who was praised for his proper arrangement on his study schedule.

读写任务：（Summary）

A thank-you letter from an old student of the writer’s husband meant a lot to the retired old man. From the letter, the writer learnt how great influence a teacher might have over his students.

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