工商管理专业英语阅读unit1

Special English Reading

Unit 1The Evolution of Management as a Field of Study

Part 1 new words（computer，illustrative sentence）

autobiography [??t?ba?'?gr?f?] n. 自传；自传文学[ 复数 autobiographies ] we don’t have to speculate because the President tells us himself in his autobiography,Dreams from My Father.

不必猜测，因为这位总统在自传中已经告诉了我们——《来自父亲的梦想》。memoir['memwɑ?]n. 回忆录；研究报告；自传；实录

Until I read his memoir, I had no idea how difficult

the pressure-packed years had been for him, or how hard he

had been on himself, and me.

直到我后来读了他的回忆录，才知道被压力重重包围的这些年他是多么艰难，而且他对自己和对我的要求是多么严格。

anthropologist[,?nθr?'p?l?d??st]n. 人类学家；人类学者

This is something I learned as an anthropologist–people love

to tell their stories.

这是我作为一名人类学家所理解的----人们喜欢讲述自己的故事。

perspective n. 观点；远景；透视图adj. 透视的

There is much that might be said about friendships.

They allow us to seeourselves from the perspective of another.

关于友谊的说法可能有很多种，这使得我们能从别人的观点里看到我们自己。

turnover n. 翻覆；[贸易] 营业额；流通量；半圆卷饼；失误adj. 翻过来的；可翻转的The store greatly reduced the prices to make a quick turnover.

这家商店实行大减价以迅速周转资金。

contingency n. 偶然性；[安全] 意外事故；可能性；[审计] 意外开支We should be prepared for any contingency.

我们应该对任何应急情况有所准备。

incur vt. 招致，引发；蒙受

Then when you sign contracts and incur business debts, you are only putting thebusiness on the line.

然后当你签约合同和承担企业债务的时候，你只是把你的业务推到了前线。

dynamic adj. 动态的；动力的；动力学的；有活力的n. 动态；动力

In life we should

be striving for dynamic balance, not a static one.

在生活中我们应该努力寻求动态平衡而不是静态平衡。

confrontation n. 对抗；面对；对质

We can both benefit from cooperation, not confrontation.

合作，而不是对抗会让我们双方受益。

interdependent adj. 相互依赖的；互助的

However, to build a system, we must also be able

to open the box, look inside, and see what set

of interacting, interrelated, or interdependent elements make

upthe system.

然而，要构建一个系统，我们也必须能够打开这个盒子，向里面看，看一下哪些相互作用、相互关连或相互依赖的元素构成了系统。

popularity n. 普及，流行；名气；受大众欢迎

The new product jumped into popularity.

新产品一下子普及开来。

sole n. 鞋底；脚底；基础；鳎目鱼adj. 唯一的；单独的；仅有的vt. 触底；上鞋底Practice is the sole criterion of truth.

实践是检验真理的唯一标准。

reliance n. 信赖；信心；受信赖的人或物

This can reduce their reliance on global agencies and help tackle the trade inmedicines of poor quality, whether they are fake or substandard.

这可能减少它们对于全球机构的依赖，并帮助解决质量不良的药物的贸易，不论它们是假药还是劣药。

alliance n. 联盟，联合；联姻

They made an alliance against the common enemy.

他们联合起来抵御共同敌人。

demographic adj. 人口统计学的；人口学的

If Africa wins a demographic dividend it will only be because it stops growing sofast.

如果非洲赢得了一个人口红利，它将仅被归于它停止了快速发展。

neatly adv. 差不多，几乎；密切地

The room was nearly empty of furniture.

这房间里空荡荡的，几乎没有家具。

integrate ['?nt?gre?t]vt. 使…完整；使…成整体；求…的积分；表示…的总和vi. 求积分；取消隔离；成为一体adj. 整合的；完全的n. 一体化；集成体

If you already have an application in which you have

to integrate charts, then youcan skip this part and go directly to the next part,

which explains the integration ofcharts with the application.

如果你已经有一个需要集成图表的应用程序，你可以跳过这部分，然后直接进入下一个部分，下个部分将会阐述如何将图表和应用程序集成在一起。

interrelated [?nt?r?'le?t]vt.相互关联的

A case study illustrated

how these concepts interrelate, using concrete examplesof best pra ctice implementations.

案例研究使用最佳实践实现的具体示例说明了这些概念的关联情况。

unintended adj. 无意识的；非计划中的

However, we need to look at the picture as a whole to ensure there are no unintended consequences for existing plant.

但是，我们需要作为一个整体规划来确保有现有发电设施没有意想不到的后果。

segment vi.分割 n.段；部分 vt.分割

the paper research on the full text search engine based on word-segment and index.

研究基于分词的全文检索技术

possessvt.掌握、控制

Revolutionaries should possess the noble qualities of the proletar iat.

革命者应该具有无产阶级的崇高品质。

rigid adj. 严格的；僵硬的，死板的；坚硬的；精确的

In the times of the emperors, the formality within

the Forbidden City was rigid beyond belief.

在帝王时代，紫禁城内的礼仪异常严格，令人难以置信。

autocratic adj. 专制的；独裁的，专横的

The

rhetoric is democratic but the reality is absolutely autocratic.

官方辞令是民主的，但现实却明显是独裁。

vaguely adv. 含糊地；暧昧地；茫然地

Even then, he spoke only vaguely about

holding Libyan officials accountable fortheir crimes.

尽管那样，他也只含糊地说利比亚官员对他们的罪行应负责任。

emergence n. 出现，浮现；发生；露头

The day after that, the emergence of a new competitor.

今后的每一天都可能出现新的竞争对手。

insight n. 洞察力；洞悉

Yet spouses do not lack insight.

然而配偶们并不缺乏洞察力。

Part 2 verb（meaning,illustrative sentence in the article）

Actually, the idea of contingency, or situational thinking is not new . During the 1920s, an early writer in the dassical approach mention ed the law of situation.

vt. 接近；着手处理

One scholar and writer in management noted that "different situations require different kinds ofknowledge,andthe man posseseing

the knowledgedemandedbycertainsituationtendsin the

bestmanagedbusinesses,otherthingsbeingequal,tobecomethe leaderinthe moment". vt.掌握、控制

Rather, they intervene in a total system of integrated parts, using the management functions of planning, organizing, coordinating and cont rolling.

vi. 干涉；调停；插入

Part 3 phrase（illustrative sentence,cartoon）

view…as

The pastel-orange of the Grand Canyon's sandstone walls

dominates the view from the vantage known as SB Point.

大峡谷沙石的柔和橙色，使被人称为具有锑点高度有利情况的观点占有优势。

make no value

The movies they make are of no value to me.

他们拍摄的电影对于我来说根本没有价值.

anticipate the intended

The BS is intended for those who are fascinated by the technica l areas ofcomputing or anticipate a graduate degree in computer science.

基地台是为那些谁是着迷计算的技术领域或预期在计算机科学硕士学位。

seek to 追求、争取、力图

That is what I seek to discover in this movie.

这就是我要在这部电影中寻求揭露的东西。

law of situation 情景规律

The last one

concluded the research achievement of law academic circles beforea nd connected

with the rules of Products Quality Law almost shows the lawsitua tion of the field.

第五种观点既总结了以往法学界在产品责任归责上的研究成果，又结合了《产品质量法》的规定，基本上反映了我国产品责任的法律现状。

tight controls

Despite these tight controls, there are green

shoots of further political reform.

除了这些严厉的控制，中国还有更深远的政治改革。

Part 4 the typical sentence patterns（apply mechanically）

sth is to do

Sth is convenient to do很方便做某事

to wish that one could (do sth. which is not proper to do); to itch to恨不得The best way to do sth is to….

结构用来抒发做某事的最佳要领是…

What fun it is to do sth.

做某事多有趣啊！

there is no best way to do

没有最好的方法

There is no easy way to do business, and only those

who do their best to winclients can win business.

做生意无快捷方式可走，只有那些千方百计赢得客户的人才能赢得生意。

Part 5 complex sentence（analytical structure,subject-predicate bing fixed shape,translation）

The approaches that worked for Procter &Gamble for50 years and the start-up of Haier or Legend Computer during the first few years must be modified to fit the changing global environment.

为宝洁公司工作了50年的方法和海尔或者联想电脑的启动在前几年必须被修改，为了去适应不断变化的全球环境。

分析：The approaches &start-up是主语，The approaches后方跟的that定语从句，during the first few years时间状语，must 情态动词后方跟动词原形，modified 做谓语，后方to 为不定式，跟目的状语。

The contingency approach has grown in popularity over the last two decades because research has found that ,given certain characteristics of a job and certain characteristics of people doing the job,specific management practices tend to work better than others.

权变方法在过去的二十年里发展普及，因为研究表明，鉴于一个工作的某些特性和人们正在工作中的某些特性，具体的管理实践往往比别人工作得更好。

分析：because表明两个并列的句子，The contingency approach为主语，grow谓语，in popularity定语over the last two decades时间状语，research主语，found 谓语，that后面跟的宾语从句，中间为插入语，最后是主谓宾完整结构的比较句。

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