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英语期末考试复习

1.听力A:3篇7分

B:2篇8分

C:3篇10分

2.阅读理解（2分一空，共15题三个阅读）

Engineering Design in Earthquake

Engineering design aims to link economic, social, environmental and of course safety factors to produce the best solution. This is especially true in earthquake engineering where it is possible to design a building that is “safe” for all types of earthquakes but does not fit the design brief. For example it is not economically feasible to design buildings in Bristol to withstand a large earthquake as the chances are very small. Similarly a square concrete structure that has small windows and thick walls may be the ideal design for a particular area however it wouldn't fit a design brief asking for a modern high-tech design. This balance of factors can only be achieved by engineers combining experience and knowledge of the area where the structure is to be located.

Design practice has been changing over the last few years. The older design requirements used to insist that in an earthquake the building should maintain enough structural integrity to remain standing. This meant that if the serviceability limit state was passed the structure would have to be demolished, as it would be no longer safe to use. Although this concept saves lives as people can escape from buildings it does nothing to prevent the huge financial cost of a large earthquake as a large proportion of buildings have to be demolished and rebuilt. Thus the new design requirements demand that the structure should remain standing in an earthquake and additionally not have to be demolished.

The other factor often left unconsidered is the effect of aftershocks. These shocks generally have little effect on undamaged buildings. However, on damaged ones they can have a destructive effect and stop rescue operations. In the assessment of buildings the energy from an aftershock should be considered.

Apparently the damage caused by earthquakes is almost entirely associated with manmade structures. Earthquakes only cause death by the damage they induce in structures such as buildings, dams, bridges and other works of man. And this is one of the reasons why earthquake engineering is so important

1.What is the main topic of the passage

A.Earthquake engineers with experience and knowledge.

B.Buildings to withstand all possible earthquakes.

C.Some factors for building design in earthquake engineering.

D.Equal considerations in earthquake engineering

正确答案:C

解析:问题问的是：本文的主题是什么？第一段第二句话提到文章的主题，即工程设计要把经济.社会.环境和安全因素都考虑在内，这在地震工程中尤其重要

2.The word "demolished" (underlined in Paragraph 2) means

A.pulled apart.

B.pulled up.

C.pulled away.

D.pulled down

正确答案:D

解析:问题问的是：第二段划线单词"demolished"是什么意思？划线单词所在句子的意思是如果建筑的设计超出了地震的耐用限度，这个建筑就必须被拆毁，因为这样的建筑使用起来非常不安全。pulled down的意思是毁坏，拆毁

3.With regard to the new design requirements, which of the following is NOT true

A.Buildings should remain integrated in an earthquake.

B.Buildings should be made to avoid rebuilding after an earthquake.

C.Buildings should be made to allow people to escape in an earthquake.

D.Buildings should be reconstructed after an earthquake

正确答案:D

解析:问题问的是：有关建筑设计要求下面选项哪个不正确？选项D的意思是地震之后建筑应该重新建。第二段最后一句话说依据新的建筑设计要求，建筑应该能够抗震，除此以外，地震之后建筑不必拆毁

4.When assessing buildings, we should consider the

A.potential threats to the undamaged buildings.

B.structural integrity of the man-made structures.

C.effect of aftershocks.

D.rescue operations

正确答案:C

解析:问题问的是：当对建筑进行评估时，我们应该考虑什么？第三段第一句话可以找到答案，即余震的后果

5.Mostly, which of the following damages cannot cause deaths

A.Dams and bridges.

B.Buildings and dams.

C.Bridges and buildings.

D.Rivers and forests

正确答案:D

解析:问题问的是：大多数情况下，下面四个选项哪个选项其危害不会造成死亡？最后一段第二句话中，只有选项D没有提到。

3. Cloze（共10题，每空1.5分）

Banked Cloze1

The Internet has made English learning much easier. English learners used to be (1) (obliged)to spend their time in libraries looking for the books that would help them in their language studies. It was very inconvenient because a lot of materials could only be found in (2) (tedious)and uninteresting textbooks and readers. But today authentic content on a variety of subjects is only a click away. This is especially (3) (beneficial) for those who wants to learn English earnestly.

In order to achieve fluency in English, you need to be comfortable using at least 10,000 words. The (4) (abundant) materials on the Internet make it possible for you to choose appropriate content to read and listen to. These materials can be (5) (adjusted) to your level if you input some key words in the search engine. But how can you remember the (6) (bulk) of unfamiliar words?

In this case, the Internet (7) (evidently)makes it easier to learn vocabulary. You can use online dictionaries to instantly find out their grammatical (8) (functions) and the specific meaning of these words. The Internet helps you to (9) (efficiently) accumulate vocabulary based on lively and interesting language content, which greatly reduces your (10) (distress) caused by inability to remember the new words. The efficiency of this vocabulary learning is one of the reasons why the Internet has become an ideal place to learn English.

Banked Cloze2

It's obvious that women have come a long way as successful professionals. Wom en in the workplace are (1) (flourishing) as an increased number of women have made their presence felt in many industries and professions. The sector of the female workf orce has (2) (expanded) with more and more strength and thus has its (3) (genuine) im portance in the professional world.

Whether they like it or not, men have to accept that women are marching up the management ladder confidently and (4) (diplomatically). Women used to be much mo re "quiet and passive" due to the relatively small number of female employees in (5) ( comparison) to males. Women today, on the other hand, have begun seeking their (6) ( administrative) positions by using all their powers of intelligence.

Men are hierarchical and (7) (jealous) of the "beauty power" that allows women t o get certain things based on their physical assets. Even though there is a(n) (8) (dispu te) whether many professional females got into positions of power by using their appe arance to their advantage, the (9) (valid) fact is the majority of women have worked h ard to achieve their desired success.

Women were considered as (10) (bystanders) in the workplace for many years an d it was believed that the only jobs that they could handle were those of teachers or se cretaries, but today's women can not only hold their own positions in the workplace, b

ut they also have the dual task of raising their families.

4.翻译（15分，共一题）

eg1:

云南省的丽江古镇是中国著名的旅游目的地之一。那里的生活节奏比大多数中国的城市都要缓慢。丽江到处都是美丽的自然风光，众多的少数民族同胞提供了各式各样，丰富多彩的文化让游客体验。历史上，丽江还以“爱之城”而闻名。当地人中流传着许多关于人生，为爱而死的故事。如今，在中外游客眼中，这个古镇被视为爱情和浪漫的天堂。（paradise）

Lijiang, an ancienttown in Yunan province, is one of the famous tourist destinations in China. Thepace of life there is slower than in most cities of China. There is naturalscenery everywhere in Lijiang. A number of minority compatriots provide variousand colorful cultures for tourists to experience. Lijiang has also been knownas the “City of Love” throughout history. Plenty of legends about people born for loveand die for love circulate among the local people. Nowadays, this ancient townis regarded as the paradise of love and romance in the eyes of both Chinese andforeign visitors.

eg2:

北京是中国的政治、文化和教育中心。当人们想去一个历史悠久、发展迅速的中国城市时，北京总是首选。这里是世界上接待游客最多的地方之一，有上百个景点，比如故宫、天坛、颐和园和长城等，其中很多都被列入了世界文化遗产(World Heritage Site)。让北京引以为傲的是那些历史古迹、各大名校、四合院(courtyard houses)

和胡同、主题博物馆及公园。

Beijing is recognized as the political, cultural and educational center of China. It is always the first choice of travelers who are willing to know a time-honored and developed city of China. It is one of the most visited cities in the world. There are hundreds of attractions like the Forbidden City, the Temple of Heaven, the Summer Palace, and the Great Wall, etc., most of which are on the World Heritage Site list. Beijing boasts of many historical sites, universities, courtyard houses and hutong, theme museums, parks and gardens.

5.作文（15分）

Directions: For this part, you are to write a short essay about 1.your ideas about campus activities. You should state the reasons and write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

2.A campus activities that has benefited you most

your ideas about campus activities.

the Most Beneficial Activity in My Campus（文都版）

It is well known that university is greatly different from high school mainly due to that university will hold a large number of activities, which benefits college students a lot. From my perspective, the most beneficial one is “Long-distance Running for Love”organized by the Students Union when I am a freshman. The money collected by this activity is contributed to Project Hope.

it is really my honor to participate the long running, because it benefits me greatly not only in body but also in mind. To begin with, the activity reminds me of the great importance of physical health. Before I go to college, I only focus on academic achievements while the physical health misses my attention. But, the long-running tells me in time that a sound mind lies in a sound body. Additionally, during my participation in this activity, I am informed well that there are still many children in rural areas who have to drop out of school because of impoverished families. Thus, for one thing, I fully realize the great importance of helping them fulfill their dreams. For another thing, I cherish the opportunity to study in university more, for when compared with those children in poverty-stricken areas, we should harbor a grateful heart.

By and large, although I have taken part in many campus activities, I deem the long running for love most beneficial to me. And I am looking forward to that more wonderful and meaningful activities will be held in our campus.

范文译文：众所周知，大学与高中截然不同，主要原因是大学里会举办很多校园活动，而这些大学活动使大学生受益匪浅。我认为最有益的校园活动是大一时，由学生会举办的“爱心长跑”。这次长跑筹集的善款用于捐助希望工程。

我很荣幸参加了这次长跑，因为这次活动使我的身心都获得了很大裨益。首先，这次活动提醒我身体健康的重要性。在我上大学前，我只关心自己的学习成绩，而忽视了健康。但是，这次长跑及时提醒我——健康的身体孕育健康的灵魂。此外，通过参加此次长跑，我深刻了解到还有许多偏远山区的小孩因为家庭贫困被迫辍学。因此，一方面我充分意识到帮助这些小孩实现梦想是何其重要；另一方面，我更珍惜自己能上大学的机会。因为，和那些贫困地区的小孩相比，我们应该怀有一颗感恩的心。

总体而言，虽然我参加过许多校园活动，但是我认为这次爱心长跑最为有益。我也期待有更多精彩而有意义的校园活动举行。

《英语语音》期末考试试卷及答案

《英语语音》考试试卷（A卷、闭卷） I. , (15%) （）1. A. B. C. D. （）2. A. B. C. D. （）3. A. B. C. D. （）4. A. B. C. D. （）5. A. B. C. （）6. A. B. C. D. （）7. A. B. C. D. （）8. A. B. C. D. （）9. A. B. C. D. （）10. A. B. C. D. . (15%) （）1. A. B. C. D. （）2. A. B. C. D. （）3. A. B. C. D. （）4. A. B. C. D. （）5. A. B. C. D. （）6. A. B. C. D. （）7. A. B. C. D. （）8. A. B. C. D. （）9. A. B.

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英国文学期末考试题目(英语专业必备)

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英国文学期末考试题目英语专业必备

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研究生英语期末考试试卷

ad if 命封线密

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The shift counters longstanding assumptions that TV shows produced in the United States would continue to overshadow locally produced shows from Singapore to Sicily. The changes are coming at a time when the influence of the United States on international affairs has annoyed friends and foes alike, and some people are expressing relief that at least on television American culture is no longer quite the force it once was. “There has always been a concern that the image of the world would be shaped too much by American culture,” said Dr. Jo Groebek, director general of the European Institu te for the Media, a non-profit group. Given the choice, he adds, foreign viewers often prefer homegrown shows that better reflect local tastes, cultures and historical events. Unlike in the United States, commercial broadcasting in most regions of the world －including Asia, Europe, and a lesser extent Latin America, which has a long history of commercial TV －is a relatively recent development. A majority of broadcasters in many countries were either state-owned or state-subsidized for much of the last century. Governments began to relax their control in the 1980’s by privatizing national broadcasters and granting licenses to dozens of new commercial networks. The rise of cable and satellite pay-television increased the spectrum of channels. Relatively inexperienced and often financed on a shoestring, these new commercial stations needed hours of programming fast. The cheapest and easiest way to fill airtime was to buy shows from American studios, and the bidding wars for popular shows were fierce. The big American studios took advantage of that demand by raising prices and forcing foreign broadcasters to buy less popular programs if they wanted access to the best-selling shows and movies. “The studio priced themselves out of prime time,” said Harry Evans Sloan, chairman of SBS Broadcasting, a Pan-European broadcaster. Mr. Sloan estimates that over the last decade, the price of American programs has increased fivefold even as the international ratings for these shows have declined. American broadcasters are still the biggest buyers of American-made television shows, accounting for 90% of the $25 billion in 2001 sales. But international sales which totaled $2.5 billion last year often make the difference between a profit and a loss on show. As the pace of foreign sales slows －the market is now growing at 5% a year, down from the double-digit growth of the 1990’s －studio executives are rethinking production costs. 6. Which of the following best characterizes the image embodied in American shows? A. Self-contradictory B. Prejudice-free C. Culture-loaded D. Audience-targeted 7. The intervention of governments in the 1980’s resulted in __________ . 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A TRIP to the supermarket may not seem like an exercise in psychological warfare—but it is. Shopkeepers know that filling a store with the aroma of freshly baked bread makes people feel hungry and persuades them to buy more food than they had intended. Stocking the most expensive products at eye level makes them sell faster than cheaper but less visible competitors. Now researchers are investigating how “swarm intelligence” (th at is，how ants，bees or any social animal，including humans，behave in a crowd) can be used to influence what people buy. 2. At a recent conference on the simulation of adaptive behaviour in Rome，Zeeshan-ul-hassan Usmani，a computer scientist from the Florida Institute of Technology，described a new way to increase impulse buying using this phenomenon. 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If the number is high, he is more likely to select it too.

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西南交通大学研究生2015-2016学年第(1)学期期末考试试卷课程名称研究生学术英语读写译课程代码 51321001 考试形式课程论文院系学号姓名密封装订线密封装订线密封装订线

Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) at a tunnel conference in 1970, at which tunnel was defined as ‘A underground cavity, whose cross-sectional area is larger than 2, that is (1993), the initial stress can be calculated by: where is the gravity stress; is the tectonic stress (Guo, Ma, & Xue, 1983). The tectonic stress is so complicated that…This paper ignores tectonic stress, in other

In Figure 1, 、are both the gravity stress in the center of tunnel. They are calculated by: where is the depth of the center of tunnel…the solution of stress and relative tunnel; E is the elastic modulus;is the Poisson’s ratio… The scale of the model is . The parameters of the rock are . radial distance is smaller than 5 to 6 times of the tunnel radius… The impact of lateral pressure coefficient has not been studied. The software of ABAQUS can be used to solve this

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