英语名词性从句

名词性从句

在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合

句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又

可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

概说引导名词性从句的连接词

引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：

连接词：that, whether ,if （不充当从句的任何成分）

连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which

连接副词：when, where, how, why 以及由how 构成的词组如how many ,how much, how soon, how often ,how far ,how long, how tall ,how high等.

1,名词性that-从句

1）由从属连词that引导的从句叫做名词性that-从句。That只起连接主句和从句的作用，

在从句中不担任任何成分，本身也没有词义。名词性that-从句在句中能充当主语、宾语、

表语、同位语。例如：

主语：That he is still alive is sheer(全然的) luck.他还活着全靠运气。

动词宾语：John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday. 约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。

形容词宾语：I am glad that you are satisfied with your job. 你对工作满意我感到很高兴。

介词宾语: I know nothing about him except that he is from the United States.

除了知道他是从美国来之外,我对他全无了解

表语：The fact is that he has not been seen recently. 事实是近来谁也没有见过他。

同位语：The fact that he has not been seen recently upsets everyone in his office. 近来谁也没有见过他，这一情况令办公室所有的人不安。

2 if, whether引导的名词性从句

1）yes-no型疑问从句,从属连词if, whether引导的名词从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问

转化而来的，因此也分别被称为yes-no型疑问句从句和选择型疑问从句，其功能和that-从

句的功能相同。例如：

主语：Whether the plan is doable remains to be proved. 这一计划是否可行还有等证实。

宾语：Let us know whether / if you can finish the article before Friday.

请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章写完。

形容词宾语：She's doubtful whether we shall be able to come. 她怀疑我们是否能够前来。

介词宾语：I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness.

我担心他是否能度过疾病的危险期。

表语：The point is whether we should lend him the money.问题在于我们是否应该借钱给他。

同位语：They are looking into the question whether the man is trustworthy.

他们调查他是否值得信赖。

2）选择性疑问从句

选择性疑问从句由关联词if/whether…or或whether…or not构成。例如：

Please tell me whether / if they are Swedish or Danish.请告诉我他们是瑞典人还是丹麦人。

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=I need a piece of paper on which I can write a letter. 介词的选用可根据从句中的相关词组确定，该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前，也可放在从句之尾。例如： The man (who/whom/that) I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University. =The man about whom I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University. The palace (which/that) I often pay a visit to was built in the 17th century. =The palace to which I often pay a visit was built in the 17th century. ﹙2﹚非限定性定语从句(主句和定语从句之间用逗号隔开)。 ①直接由引导词引导定语从句。 ②由介词+关系代词(whom/which)引导。 I live in a house far away from the city，in front of which is a big tree. There is an apple tree standing at the gate，on which are many apples. This is the man to whom I gave the book. ③由“代词/名词+of+whom/which”或“of which/ whom +名词/代词”(先行词指 人用whom，指物用which)引导。One，some，any，none，all，both，several，many，most，neither，either等词、数词、分数或百分比与of whom或of which连用。 He has five children，two of whom are abroad. (比较：He has five children，and two of them are abroad.) We have three books，none of which is/are interesting. (比较：We have three books，but none of them is/are interesting.) 除why和that不能引导非限定性定语从句外，其余引导词都可以，用法同限定性定语从句一样。但要注意以下区别。

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