北京东城高三二模英语试卷—含答案和翻译

A

World Environment Day is a UN Environment-led global event, _____which_____(1) takes place on June 5 every year and is celebrated by thousands of communities worldwide. Since it began in 1972, it has grown to become the ___largest_______(2 large) of all the celebrations of environment each year. China owns half the world’s electric vehicles and 99% of the world s electric buses. By ____hosting______(3 host) World Environment Day 2019, the Chinese government will be able to showcase its innovation and progress toward to a cleaner environment.

B

Why do people want to go to university? For some, it is the desire to learn. At university, you ____will be taught______(4 teach) by lecturers and professors who may be leading experts ____in______(5) their fields. The opporutnity to learn from them is what drives some people ____to apply______( 6 apply)to university. For others, going to university provides the all-important stepping-stone for their careers. However, for the majority of ____western______(7 west)people, university means freedom from home.

C

Billions of poor people around the world ___depend_______(8 depend) on the use of wood for cooking. And as they take more and more firewood from wild areas, they are destroying habitats around the world. Wood collection is one reason why many animals have become endangered.

This is ____why______(9) Dr, Metcalf spends each summer in Africa. He wants to teach women and children in villages how to cook with the sun. He helped create Solar Cookers International. It’s an organization that

introduces solar cookers to developing countries ___and_______(10) teaches people how to use them.

第二节完形填空

Two birthdays, One mistake

Zackary Johnson has a birthday coming up in a few days, so it wasn’t surprising to have an envelope addressed to him last week.

His mom， Glenda， ____ noticed ______(11) immediately that it was spelled “Zachary”Johnson. She didn’t find that unusual because many people spell Zackary’s name ___ incorrectly _______(12). But the sender’s pre-printed label made her confused. That name didn’t ___ match _______(13) up to anyone of her friends or relatives. She asked her husband, “Do you ___ recognize _______(14) this name? “”Nope,”Steve responded and became somewhat ____ concerned ______(15).

Still, they agreed to ___ present _______(16 the envelope to their son to see what was in it. Zack opened it to _____ find _____(17 $20 in a birthday card that said “Happy Birthday, Zachary!” He was excited 18 and was ready to go shopping!!

However, the _____ unease _____(19 increased for Glenda. The card was unsigned. She was wondering why a ____ stranger ______(20) would send money to her son and ___how____(21 he would know it was Zack’s birthday. A variety of scenes can go __ through ________(22 parents’ minds, especiall y when they hear stories about Internet crimes. They knew they would have to make some inquiries not only to give them ____ peace ______(23 , but also to protect their son.

“I know who that fellow is! He is an old farmer that lives out on Hillberry Road.” Glenda’s dad said when he was informed of the _______ situation ___(24 .

So the couple quickly drove out into the country and found the house. ________Unfortunately__(25 , no one was home. Steve decided to leave a brief but ___ urgent ___(26 message that the call should be returned as soon as possible.

The next day the old farmer called. The farmer’s great grandson, Zachary Johnson, had recently moved with his parents to Heavenly Drive. That’s the street where Zackary Johnson ___ lives _______(27 . The farmer was sure surprised by the ___ turn ___(28) of events. He figured he’d have to send another card to his grandson. But Zackary Johnson, who is turning eleven years old in a few days, did the right thing. He and his parents __made_____(29) their way down Heavenly Drive to the home of Zachary Johnson who is turning four years old in a few days. They ____ delivered __(30) Zachary’s great grandfather’s card with the $20. Plus, Zackary Johnson wished Zachary Johnson a very Happy Birthday.

11. A. expected B. guessed C. added D. noticed

12. A. hesitantly B. incorrectly C. quickly D. naturally

13. A. match B. back C. call D. build

14. A. sign B. like C. bear D. recognize

15. A. embarrassed B. discouraged C. concerned D. ashamed

16. A. present B. return C. address D. drop

17. A. hold B. find C. reach D. pay

18. A. relieved B. relaxed C. amused D. excited

19. A. unease B. anger C. regret D. sadness

20. A. relative B. friend C. stranger D. farmer

21. A. who B. what C. when D. how

22. A. over B. beyond C. through D. against

23. A. faith B. peace C. satisfaction D. confidence

24. A. secret B. crime C. conclusion D. situation

25. A. Amazingly B. Unfortunately C. Interestingly D. Undoubtedly

26. A. urgent B. updated C. warning D. flexible

27. A. walks B. travels C. lives D. moves

28. A. turn B. order C. error D. trend

29. A. changed B. made C. pushed D. cleared

30. A. held B. showed C. delivered D. purchased

第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40 分）

C

Love the way you walk

Listen carefully to the footsteps in the family home, and you can probably work out who is walking about. The features most commonly used to identify people are faces, voices and fingerprints. But the way they walk is also a giveaway.

仔细倾听家里的脚步声，你也许就能知道是谁在走动。最常用于识别人的特征是脸、声音和指纹。但他们走路的方式也是一种赠品。

Researchers have used video came ras and computers to analyze people’s gaits, and are now quite good at it. But translating such knowledge into a practical identification system can be tricky. Cameras are often visible, are difficult to set up, require good lighting and may have their view blocked by other people. A team led by Dr. Ozanyan and Dr. Scully have been looking for a better way to recognize gait. Their answer: pressure-sensitive mats.

研究人员已经使用摄像机和电脑来分析人们的步态，现在已经相当擅长了。但是将这些知识转化为实际的识别系统可能很困难。摄像头通常可见，设置困难，需

要良好的照明，可能会被其他人挡住视线。由Ozanian博士和Scully博士领导的一个团队一直在寻找更好的方法来识别步态。他们的答案是：压敏垫。

Such mats are nothing new. They have been part of security systems. But Ozanyan and Scully use a complicated version that can record the amount of pressure applied in different places as someone walks across it. These measurements form a pattern unique to the walker. The researchers turned to an artificial-intelligence system to recognize such patterns, and it seemed to work. In a study in 2018, they tested the system on a database of footsteps of 127 people. They found its error rate in identifying who was who was a mere %. And Scully says even without a database of footsteps to work with, the system can determine someone’s sex and, with reasonable accuracy, a subject’s age.

这种垫子并不新鲜。他们是安全系统的一部分。但是，Ozanian和Scully使用了一个复杂的版本，它可以记录有人走过时在不同地方施加的压力。这些测量形成了步行者独有的模式。研究人员求助于一个人工智能系统来识别这种模式，但似乎奏效了。在2018年的一项研究中，他们在127人的足迹数据库上测试了该系统。他们发现识别谁是谁的错误率仅为%。史高丽说，即使没有可供使用的足迹数据库，该系统也可以确定某人的性别，并以合理的准确度确定受试者的年龄。

One application of the mat-based gait-recognition system might be in health care, particularly for the elderly. A mat placed in a nursing home or an old person’s own residence could monitor changes in an individual’s gait that indicates certain illnesses. That would provide early warning of someone being at greater risk of falling over.

基于垫子的步态识别系统的一个应用可能是医疗保健，特别是老年人。放在疗养院或老人家中的垫子可以监测个人步态的变化，这表明有某种疾病。这将提供早期预警，提醒有人有更大的摔倒风险。

Gait analysis might also be used as a security measure in the workplace,

monitoring access to restricted areas, such as parts of military bases, server farms or laboratories dealing with dangerous materials.

步态分析也可以用作工作场所的安全措施，监测进入限制区域的情况，如军事基地、服务器场或处理危险材料的实验室的部分区域。

Perhaps the most interesting use of the mats, though, would be in public places, such as airports. For that to work, the footsteps of those to be recognized would need to have been stored in a database, which would be harder to arrange than the collection of photographs and fingerprints that existing airport security systems rely on. Many aircrew or preregistered frequent flyers would welcome anything that speeded up one of the most tiresome parts of modern travel.

不过，垫子最有趣的用途可能是在公共场所，如机场。要实现这一目标，需要将需要识别的人的足迹存储在数据库中，这比现有机场安全系统所依赖的照片和指纹的收集更难安排。许多机组人员或预先登记的飞行常客会欢迎任何加速现代旅行最令人厌烦的部分之一的东西。

38. What is mainly talked about in Paragraph 2?

A. Research equipment.

B. Research findings.

C. Research assumption.

D. Research background.

39. According to Paragraph 3, the mat is used to _______.

A. collect data

B. ensure safety

C. determine age

D. analyse pressure

40. The gait-recognition system might be applied to _____.

A. monitor security work progress

B. detect potential health problems

C. keep track of travelling frequency

D. warn passengers of possible dangers

41. The main purpose of the passage is to _____.

A. compare and educate

B. examine and assess

C. discuss and persuade

D. explain and inform

D

Overtourism: A growing global problem

The summer holidays are in full swing—and protests against overtourism have begun in a number of popular European cities. Barcelona, in particular, is at the centre of these mounting concerns about the rapid growth of tourism in cities, especially during peak holiday periods. In fact, there were 30 million overnight visitors in 2017, compared to a resident population of 1,625,137 in Barcelona.

暑假正如火如荼地进行，一些欧洲著名城市开始抗议过度旅游。尤其是巴塞罗那，对于城市旅游业的快速增长，尤其是在节假日期间，越来越引起人们的关注。事实上，2017年有3000万过夜游客，而巴塞罗那的常住人口为1625137人。

While many tourists want to “live like a local” during their visits, the residents of many tourism-dependent destinations are seeing the unique sense of place that characterised their home towns vanish beneath a wave of souvenir shops, crowds, tour buses and noisy bars. Overtourism is harming the landscape, damaging beaches, and pricing residents out of the housing market. It is a hugely complex issue that is often oversimplified.

虽然许多游客在游览期间都想“像当地人一样生活”，但许多依赖旅游业的目的地的居民却看到了他们家乡特有的地方感消失在纪念品商店、人群、旅游巴士和嘈杂的酒吧下面。密苏里主义正在破坏风景，破坏海滩，并使居民远离住房市场。这是一个非常复杂的问题，常常过于简单化。

It can have an impact in multiple ways. The international cruise(游轮) industry, for example, delivers thousands of passengers daily to destination ports. While comparatively little is returned to communities, cruise activity creates physical and visual pollution.

它可以以多种方式产生影响。例如，国际邮轮行业每天向目的港运送数千名乘

客。虽然相对而言，很少有人返回社区，但邮轮活动会造成物理和视觉污染。

City residents also bear the cost of tourism growth. As cities transform to offer service to tourists, the global travel supply chain advances. This goes with increasing property speculation(房产投机) and rising costs of living for local communities. Airbnb, for example, has been accused of reducing housing affordability and displacing residents.

城市居民也要承担旅游业增长的成本。随着城市向游客提供服务的转变，全球旅游供应链不断发展。这与越来越多的房地产投机（房地产投资）和当地社区的生活成本不断上升有关。例如，Airbnb被指控降低住房负担能力并取代居民。

In addition, overcrowding and the establishment of typical tourism-focused businesses, such as clubs, bars and souvenir shops, overpower local businesses—and noisy and unmanageable tourist behaviour is common. This weakens the uniqueness of destinations and leads to crowd and waste management pressures.

此外，过度拥挤和建立典型的以旅游业为中心的企业，如俱乐部、酒吧和纪念品商店、过度控制当地企业和嘈杂和难以管理的旅游行为是常见的。这削弱了目的地的独特性，并导致人群和废物管理压力。

Clearly, tourism brings jobs, investment and economic benefits to destinations. But overtourism occurs when tourism expansion fails to acknowledge that there are limits. Local government and planning authorities have so far been powerless to deal with the irresistible influence of the global tourism supply chain. This has led to widespread “tourist-phobia”—first described by Manuel Delgado more than a decade ago as a mixture of rejection, mistrust and disrespect for tourists.

显然，旅游业为旅游目的地带来了就业、投资和经济效益。但是，当旅游业的扩张没有意识到有限制时，就出现了过度旅游。迄今为止，地方政府和规划部门无力应对全球旅游供应链的不可抗拒影响。这导致了广泛的“旅游恐惧症”——曼努

埃尔·德尔加多十多年前首次将其描述为拒绝、不信任和对游客的不尊重的混合体。

Dealing with overtourism must now be a priority. Managing the flow of tourists seems an improbable and unwelcome task. But some cities have taken extreme measures to limit the effects of overtourism, including the introduction of new or revised taxation arrangements, fines linked to new local laws, and “demarketing”, whereby destinations focus on attracting fewer, high-spending and low impact tourists, rather than large groups.

现在必须优先处理过度旅游。管理游客的流动似乎是一项不可能和不受欢迎的任务。但一些城市采取了极端措施来限制过度旅游的影响，包括引入新的或修订的税收安排、与新的地方法律相关的罚款以及“去市场化”，目的地集中在吸引较少、高消费和低影响的游客，而不是吸引大群体。

Overtourism is a shared responsibility. City administrators and destination managers must acknowledge that there are definite limits to growth. Putting the wellbeing of local residents above the needs of the global tourism supply chain is vital. Primary consideration must be given to ensuring that the level of visitation fits wi thin a destination’s capacity. We need to urgently rethink the way cities are evolving to uphold the rights of their residents.

密苏里主义是共同的责任。城市管理者和目的地管理者必须承认，增长有明确的限制。将当地居民的福祉置于全球旅游供应链的需求之上至关重要。必须首先考虑确保探视水平符合目的地的能力。我们需要紧急重新考虑城市发展的方式，以维护其居民的权利。

42. Why is Barcelona mentioned in Paragraph 1?

A. To describe how unique the city is.

B. To warn people away from popular cities.

C. To show how crowded a destination can be.

D. To compare the number of visitors to that of locals.

43. What is the problem of overtourism?

A. It has destroyed local businesses.

B. It has led to higher living expenses.

C. It has increased the unemployment rate.

D. It has caused mistrust among local communities.

44. The reason for overtourism is that _______.

A. destinations misjudge their capacity

B. tourists lack a sense of responsibility

C. governments fail to support the supply chain

D. tourists’ travelling preference is oversimplified

45. According to the writer, what should the local governments do?

A. Take full advantage of tourism.

B. Guarantee local people’s welfare.

C. Advocate a ban on global tourism.

D. Control tourism-related businesses.

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