忠实通顺传神——从二十二届韩素英青年翻译大赛看文学翻译标准

忠实通顺传神——从"二十二届韩素英青年翻译大赛"看文学翻译标

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[摘要] 中国的翻译家从不同的角度提出了文学翻译标准，如严复的“信达雅”，傅雷的“神似”，钱钟书的“化境”，郑海凌的“和谐”标准，他们各有其优点和不足之处。本文通过对二十二届的韩素英青年翻译大赛的参赛译文评析和参考译文进行分析得出其所遵循的标准——“忠实通顺传神”的标准。

[关键词] 文学翻译标准忠实通顺传神

一、中国文学翻译标准

（1）信达雅

中国的文学翻译尽管只有一百多年的历史，但是不乏翻译家们对文学翻译标准的真知灼见。其中影响最大的是严复的”信达雅”三字标准。1896年严复在他的《天演论。译例言》中阐述了这一标准的要旨，他提出“译事三难，信，达，雅。求其信，已大难矣！顾信矣不达，虽译犹不译也，则达尚焉”：信即译文意义不倍原文，为了能达，译者应“将全文神理，融会于心”至于雅严复主张“用汉以前字法句法”尽管翻译界对严复的这一标准尤其是他的“雅”有许多的争议，但是其对中国翻译的影响却是不可磨灭的。在严复的影响下许多的翻译家提出了自己的标准：鲁迅提出的“宁信而不顺”的标准。鲁迅曾写道“凡是翻译必须兼顾两个方面。一则力求其易解，一则保持原作的风格。”郑振铎提出了“不失愿意，译文流畅”，林语堂的：忠实标准，通顺标准和美的标准，刘重德的“信达切”的翻译原则。这些理论在不同的侧面继承和诠释了信达雅，他们都强调信，及忠于原文意义，达即译文通顺，只是对于原文的风格提法不一样，他们都立足于从原文文本的语言和内容，包括内容，表达和风格方面。这些理论较全面而且具有很强的操作性。但是这一理论没有足够重视文学翻译的特点：具有审美性和形象性。茅盾认为“文学翻译是用另一种语言，把原作的艺术意境表达出来，是读者在读译文的时候能够像读原作是一样得到启发，感动和美的享受”（茅盾，1954）

（2）神韵说

文学翻译史一门艺术，具有艺术性，历久性，模糊性和多元性。许多的翻译家从文学翻译的艺术性出发，强调其神韵而提出而了自己的标准。傅雷的“神似”论，傅雷认为“以效果而论，翻译应和临画一样，所求的不是形似而是神似”。及钱钟书的“化境”之说，钱钟书在《林纾的翻译》中提出“文学翻译的最高境界，标准是化境。把作品从一国文字转变成另一国文字，既不能因语言习惯的差异而露出生硬牵强的痕迹，又保持原有的风格，那就是化境”，朱生豪的“神味，神韵”，郭沫若的“风韵译”，茅盾的“神韵”。这些标准突出文学翻译的特点即文学作品的神韵和意境，更多的考虑到译文的神采和美。但是这些标准作为评价译文的优劣时有太大的主观性，可操作性不强。

英语原文及其翻译

Exploring Filipino School Counselors’ Beliefs about Learning Allan B. I. Bernardo [Abstract] School reform efforts that focus on student learning require school counselors to take on important new roles as advocates of student learning and achievement.But how do school counselors understand the process of learning? In this study, we explore the learning beliefs of 115 Filipino school counselors who indicated their degree of agreementwith 42 statements about the process of learning and the factors thatinfluence this process.A principal components analysis of the responses to the 42 statements suggested three factors:(F1)social-cognitive constructivist beliefs, (F2) teacher-curriculum-centered behaviorist beliefs,and (F3) individual difference factors.The preliminary results are briefly discussed in terms of issues related to how Filipino school counselors’ conceptions of learning may guide their strategies for promoting student learning and achievement. [Key words]beliefs about learning, conceptions of learning, school counselors, student learning, Philippines School reform efforts in different parts of the world have focusedon students’learning. In particular,most school improvement programsnow aim to ensure that students acquire the high-level knowledge and skills that help them to thrive in today’s highly competitive globaleconomy (e.g., Lee & Williams, 2006). I n this regard, school reform programs draw from various contemporary theories and research on learning (e.g.,Bransford,Brown, & Cocking, 1999; Lambert & McCombs, 1998).The basic idea is that all school improvement efforts should be directed at ensuring students achieve high levels of learning or attainment of well-defined curricular objectives and standards.For example, textbooks (Chien & Young, 2007), computers and educational technology (Gravoso, 2002; Haertnel & Means, 2003;Technology in Schools Task Force, 2003), and educational assessment systems (Black & Wiliam2004; Cheung & Ng, 2007; Clark, 2001; Stiggins, 2005) are being reconsidered as regards how they can effectively provide scaffolds and resources for advancing student learning. Likewise,the allocation and management of a school’s financial resources are assessed in terms ofwhether these are effectively mobilized and utilized towards improving student learning (Bolam, 2006; Chung & Hung, 2006; Retna, 2007). In this regard, some advocates have also called for an examination of the role of school counselors in these reform efforts (Herr, 2002). Inthe United States, House and Hayes (2002) challenged school counselors to take proactive leadership roles in advocating for the success of all

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Unit 1 general description of literature reading and translation 1.Definition of Literature Literature is a general term for professional writings in the form of books, papers, and other documentations. As an important means for preserving knowledge, literatures have become precious resources or treasures for the mankind, which have greatly contributed to the social progress of the human race. 2.Classification of Literature 1) Textbooks（课本） a kind of professional writing（一种专业的写作） 2) Monographs（专著） various viewpoints and discussions 3) Papers（论文） the theoretical analysis and experimental description title, author, affiliation, abstract, keywords, introduction, theoretical analysis and/or experimental description, results and discussion or conclusion, acknowledgments, references 4) Encyclopedias(百科全书) every branch of knowledge 5) Periodicals （期刊） a series of publications 6)Special Documentation（特殊文档） all the printed materials 3.Linguistic Features of Scientific Literature stylistically (文体上) scientific literature is a kind of form writing; syntactically（结构上）scientific literature has rigorous grammatical structures and in most cases is rather unitary; Morphologically（语法上）scientific literaure is featured by high specialization,the use of technical terms and jargons ,unambiguous implication and the fixed sense of the word Principles or Criteria of Translation Whenever principles or criteria of translation are under discussion in China, Yan Fu’s three- character guide”-----xin, da, ya, namely, faithfulness (信), expressiveness (达), and elegance (雅). These three principle has always been regarded as a plumb-line for measuring the professional level of translation and a goal for translators to strive after. However, in the application of this principle, people come to find some unsatisfactory aspects of the three-character guide and have put foreword a variety of new standards or criteria of translation. Despite a variety of opinions, two criteria are almost unanimously accepted by all, namely, the criterion of faithfulness/accuracy (忠实/准确) and that of smoothness (流畅). We may also take these two criteria as the principle scientific literature translation. By faithful/accuracy, we mean to be faithful not only to the original contents, to the original meaning and views, but also to the original form and style. By smoothness, we mean not only easy and readable rendering, but also idiomatic expression in the target language, free form stiff formula and mechanical copying form dictionaries. Unit 2 professional papers 2.1.Definition of professional papers A professional paper is a typewritten paper in which professionals present their views and research findings on a chosen topic. It is variously known as the “research paper”, “course paper”, “thesis paper” or “library paper”. The task of the author of a paper is essentially the same: to read on a particular topic, gather information about it, and report the findings in it. 2.2.Classification of professional papers

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英文翻译(原文)

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韩素音翻译大赛原文

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文献阅读与翻译 第一章译文参考

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外文文献翻译助手

五分钟搞定5000字－外文文献翻译 在科研过程中阅读翻译外文文献是一个非常重要的环节，许多领域高水平的文献都是外文文献，借鉴一些外文文献翻译的经验是非常必要的。由于特殊原因我翻译外文文献的机会比较多，慢慢地就发现了外文文献翻译过程中的三大利器：Google“翻译”频道、金山词霸（完整版本）和CNKI“翻译助手"。 具体操作过程如下： 1.先打开金山词霸自动取词功能，然后阅读文献； 2.遇到无法理解的长句时，可以交给Google处理，处理后的结果猛一看，不堪入目，可是经过大脑的再处理后句子的意思基本就明了了； 3.如果通过Google仍然无法理解，感觉就是不同，那肯定是对其中某个“常用单词”理解有误，因为某些单词看似很简单，但是在文献中有特殊的意思，这时就可以通过CNKI的“翻译助手”来查询相关单词的意思，由于CNKI的单词意思都是来源与大量的文献，所以它的吻合率很高。 另外，在翻译过程中最好以“段落”或者“长句”作为翻译的基本单位，这样才不会造成“只见树木，不见森林”的误导。 注： 1、Google翻译：https://www.sodocs.net/doc/3814643284.html,/language_tools google，众所周知，谷歌里面的英文文献和资料还算是比较详实的。我利用它是这样的。一方面可以用它查询英文论文，当然这方面的帖子很多，大家可以搜索，在此不赘述。回到我自己说的翻译上来。下面给大家举个例子来说明如何用吧 比如说“电磁感应透明效应”这个词汇你不知道他怎么翻译， 首先你可以在CNKI里查中文的，根据它们的关键词中英文对照来做，一般比较准确。

在此主要是说在google里怎么知道这个翻译意思。大家应该都有词典吧，按中国人的办法，把一个一个词分着查出来，敲到google里，你的这种翻译一般不太准，当然你需要验证是否准确了，这下看着吧，把你的那支离破碎的翻译在google里搜索，你能看到许多相关的文献或资料，大家都不是笨蛋，看看，也就能找到最精确的翻译了，纯西式的！我就是这么用的。 2、CNKI翻译：https://www.sodocs.net/doc/3814643284.html, CNKI翻译助手，这个网站不需要介绍太多，可能有些人也知道的。主要说说它的有点，你进去看看就能发现：搜索的肯定是专业词汇，而且它翻译结果下面有文章与之对应（因为它是CNKI检索提供的，它的翻译是从文献里抽出来的），很实用的一个网站。估计别的写文章的人不是傻子吧，它们的东西我们可以直接拿来用，当然省事了。网址告诉大家，有兴趣的进去看看，你们就会发现其乐无穷！还是很值得用的。https://www.sodocs.net/doc/3814643284.html, 3、网路版金山词霸（不到1M）：https://www.sodocs.net/doc/3814643284.html,/6946901637944806 翻译时的速度： 这里我谈的是电子版和打印版的翻译速度，按个人翻译速度看，打印版的快些，因为看电子版本一是费眼睛，二是如果我们用电脑，可能还经常时不时玩点游戏，或者整点别的，导致最终SPPEED变慢，再之电脑上一些词典（金山词霸等）在专业翻译方面也不是特别好，所以翻译效果不佳。在此本人建议大家购买清华大学编写的好像是国防工业出版社的那本《英汉科学技术词典》，基本上挺好用。再加上网站如：google CNKI翻译助手，这样我们的翻译速度会提高不少。 具体翻译时的一些技巧（主要是写论文和看论文方面） 大家大概都应预先清楚明白自己专业方向的国内牛人，在这里我强烈建议大家仔

2015年韩素音翻译大赛翻译原文

The Posteverything Generation I never expected to gain any new insight into the nature of my generation, or the changing landscape of American colleges, in Lit Theory. Lit Theory is supposed to be the class where you sit at the back of the room with every other jaded sophomore wearing skinny jeans, thick-framed glasses, an ironic tee-shirt and over-sized retro headphones, just waiting for lecture to be over so you can light up a Turkish Gold and walk to lunch while listening to Wilco. That’s pretty much the way I spent the course, too: through structuralism, formalism, gender theory, and post-colonialism, I was far too busy shuffling through my Ipod to see what the patriarchal world order of capitalist oppression had to do with Ethan Frome. But when we began to study postmodernism, something struck a chord with me and made me sit up and look anew at the seemingly blasé college-aged literati of which I was so self-consciously one. According to my textbook, the problem with defining postmodernism is that it’s i mpossible. The difficulty is that it is so...post. It defines itself so negatively against what came before it –naturalism, romanticism and the wild revolution of modernism –that it’s sometimes hard to see what it actually is. It denies that anything can be explained neatly or even at all. It is parodic, detached, strange, and sometimes menacing to traditionalists who do not understand it. Although it arose in the post-war west (the term was coined in 1949), the generation that has witnessed its ascendance has yet to come up with an explanation of what postmodern attitudes mean for the future of culture or society. The subject intrigued me because, in a class otherwise consumed by dead-letter theories, postmodernism remained an open book, tempting to the young and curious. But it also intrigued me because the question of what postmodernism –what a movement so post-everything, so reticent to define itself – is spoke to a larger question about the political and