初三英语第一单元语法

初三英语上册第一单元语法

一、单元语法：动名词

1、动名词的概说：动名词其实就是动词ing形式，动名词的否定形式是在前面加not.

动名词具有名词的性质，可以在句中作主语、宾语和表语等。同时，它又具有动词的特点，可以接宾语构成动名词短语，也可被副词修饰。

e.g．living in the city(动名词living后带宾语city)住在城市

reading aloud(动名词reading被副词aloud修饰)大声读

2、动名词的具体用法：

①作主语：动名词作主语时一般也可用动词不定式。

e.g．Eating too much is bad for your health．= To eat too much is bad for your health．

吃得太多对你的身体没有好处。

Swimming in the river is dangerous．= To Swim in the river is dangerous．

在江河游泳是危险的。

注：动名词或动词不定式作主语时，谓语动词要使用单数第三人称形式。

②作表语：动名词作表语一般句子的主语常常是无生命的名词，而且表语和主语是对等

关系，说明主语的内容。

e.g．His task is finishing the work．他的任务是完成工作。

Her hobby is collecting stamps．她的爱好是集邮。

注：动名词作表语时与进行时的形式相同，但进行时中动词ing形式表示主语的动作。

e.g．His favorite sport is playing football．他喜欢的运动是踢足球。(playing作表语，说明

主语的内容) He is playing football with friends．他正在和朋友们踢足球。(playing为进行时，表示

主语正在进行的动作)

③作宾语：常用于allow,try,like，finish，enjoy,forget，stop，love，mind，practice，can’t stand，

can’t help等动词或动词短语之后。

e.g．We will finish reading the book in a week．我们将在一周内读完这本书。

I enjoy living in China．我喜欢居住在中国。

注：有些动词如forget，remember,stop，try,like，love等后面接动名词和动词不定式作宾语都可以，但意义不同。

e.g．forget doing sth忘记做过某事forget to do sth：忘记去做某事

remember doing sth记得做过某事remember to do sth记得去做某事

stop doing sth停止做某事(不做) stop to do sth停下来去做某事(要做)

try doing sth试着／尝试做某事try to do sth努力/尽力去做某事

like／love doing sth(一贯性)喜欢做某事like／love doing sth(偶然性)喜欢做某事

④作定语：表示所修饰词的用途、性质、特征等，位于所修饰词的前面。

e.g．They went to the swimming pool yesterday．他们昨天去了游泳池。

He joined the skating club last year．他去年加入了溜冰俱乐部。

⑤介词之后带动词，动词要使用动名词。

e.g．I'm afraid of seeing him again．我害怕再见到他。

We’re interested in playing football．我们对踢足球感兴趣。

We can change ice into water by heating it．通过加热我们可以把冰变成水。

She passed me without saying a word．她从我身边过去，没有说一句话。

Thanks for helping me．谢谢你帮助我。

二、单元重难点

1、quickly，fast和soon三者都表示“快”，但其具体用法有所区别：

①quickly副词，表示动作速度迅速，敏捷，出手快，强调动作的突发性或短暂性；

e.g．Please answer my questions quickly．请迅速地同答我的问题。

He threw the ball into the basket quickly．他迅速地把球投进球篮。

②fast可以作形容词和副词，与quickly相近，指运动的物体速度快，强调物体运行过程

中的速度：

e.g．Jim runs very fast．吉姆跑得很快。

Ann walks too fast．I can’t follow her．安走得太快，我跟不上她。

③soon副词，只指时间方面不久，快。

e.g．My father will come back soon．我爸爸很快就回来。

It will rain soon．很快就要下雨了。

2、特殊疑问词when，what，how, where，which，who．whom 等之后可以加动词不定式，

在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等句子成分。

e.g．How to go there is a question．如何到那儿是个问题。(作主语)

I know where to find the boy．我知道在哪儿能找到那个男孩。(作宾语)

I forgot what to do next．我忘记下一步要做什么。(作宾语)

The question is how to use it．问题是如何使用它。(作表语)

3、aloud，loud和loudly三者都表示“大声地”，但其具体用法有所区别：

①aloud作副词，强调“出声”能让人听见，无比较级和最高级。

e.g．Please read the text aloud．请大声朗读课文。

② loud可作形容词或副词，主要指说话声、笑声很大，常用于比较级，也可指音量“吵闹”。

e.g．Speak louder,please．(副词)请大声些讲。

He has a loud voice．(形容词)他嗓门大。

The music is too loud．(形容词)音乐太大声了。

③ loudly作副词，可指各种声音大声，有时含有“喧闹"或“嘈杂”的意味。

e.g．Suddenly the bell on the wall rang loudly．突然，墙上的铃大声地响起来。

They are talking loudly with each other．他们在大声地互相交谈。

4、remember和memorize两者都表示“记住，记得”，但其具体用法有所区别：

①remember用法比较广泛，可以指任何对过去进行回顾的思想活动，不论是有意的还是

无意的，而且常常暗含过去某事物的生动形象给某人留下的深刻印象。

e.g．I remember what he said．我记得他说了什么。

She will remember the days that she spent with me．她会记住和我一起度过的日子。

②memorize通常指有意识的、努力的、费神的记忆活动。

e.g．I try to memorize each new word．我尽力地记住每一个新单词。

5、be afraid of／be afraid to的区别。

①be afraid of sb．／sth．意为害怕某人(或某物)

e.g．The man is afraid of nothing．这个人什么都不怕。

Jack is very afraid of his teacher．杰克很怕他老师。

②be afraid of doing sth．害怕或担心发生某种(意外)情况。

e.g．She is afraid of losing her job 她害怕失去工作。

He is afraid of being late for school．他担心上学迟到。

③be afraid to do sth．害怕去干某事，没有勇气去干某事。

e.g．I'm afraid to go out at night．我害怕晚上出去。

She is afraid to be here alone．她怕独自一人呆在这里。

④be afraid + (that)从句。意为“恐怕……”

e.g．I'm afraid (that) I can’t help you．我恐怕我帮不了你。

I’m afraid (that) she is ill．她恐怕生病了。

三、重要句型及短语

1．by doing sth 通过做某事

2．ask sb for help 向某人请求帮助

3．read aloud 大声朗读

4．learn a lot 学到很多

5．speaking skills 口头表达能力

6．get excited 激动

7．spoken English 英语口语

8．make mistakes 犯错误

9．how to do sth 如何做某事

10．later on 以后，随后

11．to begin with 开始时，首先

12．make sentences 造句

13．laugh at sb 嘲笑某人

26．make／write vocabulary lists 列出词汇表

27．the way to do sth／of doing sth 做某事的方式

28．help a little／a lot 有点帮助／帮助很大

39．find+(宾语)+形容词发现/觉得(…)怎么样

30．have conversations／talks with sb 和某人谈话

31．end up doing sth 以做某事结束，结果为…

32．do a survey abou t…做一个关于…的调查

33．keep an English notebook 记英语笔记

34．learn to do sth 学会做某事

35．Loo k…up in a dictionary 在字典中查找…

36．Regar d…a s…把…当作／视为…

37．It doesn’t matter．没关系。

38．be afraid to do sth 害怕做某事

14．make／take notes 做笔记

15．one's own 某人自己的

16．make up 编造，组成，拼凑成

17．worry about 担心，忧虑

18．behave with 与…相处

19．stay angry 生气

20．be lost 丢失，失去

21．last for long 持续久

22．solve a problem 解决问题

23．complain about 抱怨

24．young adults 年轻人

25．break off 突然中止、中断

39．in a positive way 用／通过积极的方式

40．try／do one's best to do sth 尽某人的最大努力做某事

41．as a second language 作为第二语言

42．do one's duty 履行某人的职责

43．Compar e…to／wit h…把…和…作比较

44．Time goes by．随着时光流逝。

45．Chang e…int o…把…改变为…

46．It's one's duty to do sth．做某事是某人的职责／责任。47．with the help of sb = with one's help 在某人的帮助下

48．be angry／annoyed with sb = be mad at sb 生某人的气／对某人发火49．How…deal with sth? = What…do with sth? 如何处理某事? 50．have trouble／difficulty／problems doing sth 做某事有困难

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