大学英语四六级长难句分析

大学英语四六级长难句分析

真题应用：四六级真题长难句分析

一、基本结构的长难句 1.断开 2.简化

二、特殊结构的长难句 1.分裂结构 2.嵌套结构 3.平行结构

基本结构的长难句

基本结构的长难句： 1. 断开 （1）标点

（2）连接词：从句开始于连接词，结束于？ （3）分析主谓

连接词断开，结束于标点

But this is a real-life argument before a Supreme Court that has a well-earned reputation for looking out for the interests of large corporations ． (CET-6, 201312 仔细阅读2)

If it has to hire a caregiver for every two children, it can ’t really achieve any economics of scale on labor to save money when other expenses go up. (CET-4, 201412 仔细阅读

1)

断开 1 标点 2 连接词 3 分析主谓

简化

1 定位谓语动词

2 去修饰找核心

More than half of all recent graduates are unemployed or in jobs that do not require a degree, and the amount of student-loan debt carried by households has increased more than five times since 1999.

(CET-4, 201312 长篇阅读)

连接词断开，结束于下一个连接词前

Imagine the number of teaching jobs that might be eliminated if this could be done for math, economics, chemistry, and so on.

(CET-6, 201406长篇阅读)

Although it has been nearly 30 years since the first commercial mobile-phone network was launched, advertisers have yet to figure out how to get their messages out to mobile-phone users in a big way.

(CET-4, 201312 选词填空)

连接词断开，结束于第二个谓语动词前

Those who stay on for an additional two years can earn a master’s degree that qualifies them as nurse practitioners or clinical nurse specialists.

(CET-4, 201312 选词填空)

People who score on personality tests as more sympathetic cry more than those who are more

rigid or have more self-control.

(CET-4, 201406 长篇阅读)

Though the United States has fewer women in the workforce, American women who choose to be employed are far more likely to work full-time and to hold high-level jobs as managers or professionals.

(CET-6, 201406长篇阅读)

断开：分析主谓

This is the best movie I have seen.

The present he gave me was very amazing.

Some scientists maintain that the changes we are seeing fall within the range of random variation…

(CET-4, 201406 选词填空)

Some scientists maintain that

the changes we are seeing fall within the range of random variation…

(CET-4, 201406 选词填空)

When these students encounter a new problem of the same type on a test, they’re able to transfer the knowledge they’ve gathered more effectively than those who were the passive recipients of someone else’s expertise.

(CET-6, 201312 仔细阅读1)

二、简化：去修饰，留核心

修饰成分有：

形容词、副词

介词短语

非谓语动词（doing / done / to do）

冠词、数词

非限定性定语从句

Over the past few months it has been working hard, with the help of media consultants, to play down its cosy reputation in favour of something more academic and serious.

(CET-6, 201412仔细阅读2)

Printing with moveable type on paper dramatically reduced the cost of producing a book compared with the old-fashioned ones handwritten on vellum, which comes from sheepskin. (CET-4, 201406 长篇阅读)

A generation ago, female faces were rare and, even today, visitors walking through the first floor of LeConte Hall will see a full corridor of exhibits honoring the many distinguished physicists who made history here, virtually all of them white males.

(CET-4, 201312 选词填空)

基本结构的长难句：断开＋简化

The same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers with more communications choices have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker, more visible, and much more damaging ways.

The same dramatic technological changes _1_ have also increased the risk _2_.

1 that have provided marketers with more communications choices

2 that passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker, more visible, and much more damaging ways

特殊结构的长难句：分裂结构

There is growing fear among vice-chancellors that this revenue—as well as the cultural, academic and economic benefit international students bring—is being put at risk.

(CET-4, 201312 仔细阅读2)

There is growing fear among vice-chancellors that this revenue is being put at risk.

(CET-4, 201312 仔细阅读2)

特殊结构的长难句：嵌套结构

Among the government’s most interesting reports is one that estimates what parents spend on their children.

(CET-6, 201312 仔细阅读1)

A survey of 439 medical technicians found that 55 percent of technicians who monitor bypass machines acknowledged that they had talked on cellphones during heart surgery.

(CET-4, 201406 仔细阅读1)

特殊结构的长难句：平行结构

The English, the Germans, the Dutch and the French were investing in Britain's former colony.

Both areas are critical to producing citizens who can participate effectively in our democratic society, become innovative leaders, and benefit from the spiritual enrichment that the reflection on the great ideas of mankind over time provides.

(CET-4, 201406 仔细阅读1)

Several hours after a meal, people’s hunger levels were predicted not by how much they’d eaten but rather by how much food they’d seen in front of them…

(CET-4, 201312 仔细阅读1)

But brains are the superior choice when you want information to change, in interesting and useful ways: to connect up with other facts and ideas, to acquire successive layers of meaning, to steep for a while in your accumulated knowledge and experience...

(CET-6, 201406仔细阅读1)

长难句综合运用

Indeed, according to surveys, employers have expressed a preference for students who have received a broadly-based education that has taught them to write well, think critically, research creatively and communicate easily.

(CET-4, 201406 仔细阅读1)

Cole and Fredrickson found that people who are happy but have little to no sense of meaning in their lives have the same gene expression patterns as people who are responding to and enduring chronic adversity. (CET-6, 201412长篇阅读)

大学英语四六级语法精讲课程讲义

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【第二步】断开介词短语和非谓语动词 二、总结复习句子的主要成分 1、主语 （1）定义：主语是动作的发出者。 （2）位置：在谓语动词之前。 （3）什么可以充当主语： 2、谓语 （1）定义：述说主语的动作或状态。 （2）位置：在主语之后。（3）什么可以充当谓语：实意动词。 3、宾语 （1）定义：（2）位置： （3）什么可以充当宾语：4、表语 （1）定义：表述主语的身份特征，性质状态的 （2）位置：在系动词之后 （3）什么可以充当表语： A.名词： B.代词： C.介词短语： D.非谓语动词： E.句子：A.动作的承受者B.介词所联系的对象，即介词宾语（简称介宾） A.名词： B.代词： C.介词短语： D.非谓语动词： E.句子： A.名词： B.代词： C.形容词 D.介词短语： E.非谓语动词： F.句子：A.在谓语动词之后B.在非谓语动词之后C.在介词之后

长难句解析——四六级阅读

When we begin to question our assumptions and challenge what we think we have learned from our past,from the media,peers,family,friends,etc.,we begin to realize that some of our conclusions are flawed or contrary to our fundamental values.(2009四级快速阅读) 【分析】主句：we begin to realize我们开始意识到...... 修饰成分：that some of our conclusions are flawed or contrary to our fundamental values.宾语从句做realize的宾语 When we begin to...时间状语从句其中question和challenge并列做谓语 what we think做challenge的宾语从句 we have learned from our past,from the media,peers,family,friends,etc.又做 think的宾语从句译为“从我们的过去、媒体、同辈、家人、朋友等那里学到 的东西” 【必背词汇】assumption n.假设 flawed adj.有缺陷的，有错误的 fundamental adj.根本的，基本的 【翻译】当我们开始质疑自己的假设，并且向那些我们认为是从我们的过去、媒体、同辈、家人、朋友等那里学到的东西发出挑战的时候，我们就开始意识到我们的结论有些是有缺陷的，或者说与我们的基本价值是相违背的。 But economists say families about to go into debt to fund four years of partying,as well as studying,can console themselves with the knowledge that college is an investment that,unlike many investments,should yield huge dividends.(2009.阅读6Text4) 【分析】主句：economists say经济学家声称 修饰成分：about to go into debt to fund four years of partying,as well as studying,形容词短语做定语，修饰families families can console themselves with the knowledge做say的宾语从句 that college is an investment做the knowledge的同位语从句 unlike many bank stocks与许多银行股票不同，做插入语 that should yield huge dividends定语从句，修饰an investment 【必背词汇】console v.安慰，慰藉 investment n.投资 yield v.产生，得出 dividend n.股息，红利，收益 【翻译】但是经济学家们声称，即将因为支付儿女大学四年聚会玩乐外加学习的费用而背上债务的那些家庭可以安慰自己说，上大学是一项投资，与许多银行股票不同，这项投资将收获巨额收益。 What parents do,in other words,is of deep concern to the state,for the obvious reason that caring for children is not only morally urgent but essential for the future of society.(2010.阅读6Text 1) 【分析】主句：What parents do is of deep concern to the state.主系表结构国家对家长的作为密切关注 修饰成分：in other words“换句话说”插入语 for the obvious reason原因状语 that caring for children is not only morally urgent but essential for the future of

四六级长难句分析

复杂长难句分析 现在，常常听到同学抱怨：“四、六级考试中，阅读部分句子里的单词都是认识的，但可是句子太长，结构太复杂，句子意思理解起来很慢、很吃力，有时候根本看不懂”。的确，目前在四、六级考试阅读部分中出现含有50-70个词汇的长句子已经司空见惯。所以，我们必战胜那些“复杂长难句”，才有可能在“四、六级”这个战场上大获全胜！ I. 并列平行结构 英语句子最常用的方法是通过使用一些关联词，如 and、or等，或标点符号如分号、逗号、破折号等把若干个在语义上有联系或相互照应的单词、词组或子句连在一起组成一种并列或平行结构的长句，以表达一个复杂、多层次含义。这种句式虽然难度不一定很高，但在复杂长句中还是占了相当大的比例的. 1.I wanted her to know that my heart was with her,and that I thought England owed her a great debt and was going to miss her.（注：owe s.th to sb的用法） 要点:that my heart……and that I thought为两个并列宾语从句；owed her ……and was going…… 为两个并列的谓语结构。 参考译文：我想让她知道我的心和她在一起，而且我认为英国欠了她很多，很快就会怀念她。 2.And neither friends nor family can convince phobic people that most animals are harmless,that thousands of travelers fly safely every day,and (that)millions of people ride safely in elevators several times each day. 参考译文：朋友们及家庭成员都无法说服恐惧症患者，使他们相信多数动物对人无害，数以千计的旅行者每日都安全飞行，数百万的人每天都安全地乘好几次电梯。 3.Review important points mentioned in class as well as points(that) you remain confused about. 要点：as well as为连接词组，意为“不但……而且……；既……又……”，在句中连接并列成分。还要注意as well as的用法与not only…but also…相同，但重点通常在as well as前面的部分。 参考译文：不仅要复习你仍然混淆不清的地方，而且要重温课堂上提到的要点。 II. 插入结构 插入结构是在一个句子中某两个句子成分之间，如主谓，谓宾，定语和受定语等之间插入一个从句，短语或单词以对原来句子所表达的内容进行补充、添加、限定和说明。有时这些介入成分又较长，从而使本来应该紧联在一起得句子成分被分隔开了。有时一个句子会有多个从句，分词短语等存在，再加上插入成分，就会使得句子结构显得很复杂，从而造成阅读上的障碍。 插入成分最明显的标志是用逗号与主句隔开。但有时由于多种句子成分的存在，句子中会使用多个逗号，分号，从而导致插入成分不易一眼看出，以至出现理解错误。下面我们就集中辨析这一类结构的句子。 1. During the rest of this century,as never before,history will be the study of population. 要点：as never before为插入语，插于状语和谓语之间，意为“前所未有”。 参考译文：在本世纪末，对人口的研究将前所未有地成为历史。 2. Because the potential hazards pollen grains are subject to as they are transported over long distances are enormous,… 要点：此句的主语和表语之间插入了由as引导的时间状语从句；pollen grains are subject to为定语从句，修饰the potential hazards。 参考译文：因为花粉在长距离输送中存在的潜在危险是巨大的…… 3.We live in a time when,more than ever before in history ,people are moving about. 要点：定语从句“people are moving about”被比较状语“more than ever before in history”分隔。 参考译文：我们生活在一个四处奔波甚于历史上任何时期的时代。 4.While I was waiting to enter university, I saw advertised in a local newspaper a teaching post at a school in a suburb of London about ten miles from where I lived. 要点：此句的宾语” a teaching post” 之所以放在” in a local newspaper” 之后是因为它带有较长的后

大学英语四六级复习资料总汇

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英语四六级之句子及作文分析

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