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* Opaque 2.0 revised 2/03 *
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Written at UCLA by Anjali Bapat under the direction of
Murray Milne and Robin Liggett: 1997,1999

ERRORS:

1. We believe that in composite wall sections (i.e. wood studs
with fiberglass insulatin between) if the air space is toward
the exterior (on the left) the Time Lag and Decrement are not
calculated correctly, however the U-factor is correct.

2. We believe that if assemble a section that has an air space
as the outboard material (not the outdoor film coefficient),
or an airspace contained by a vapor barrier, that the
Time Lag and Decrement calculation will not
be correct (note that this is a rather illogical design).

3. Warning: the value of the air space is for a 3.5 inch wall
space with normal building materials on each face (wood, paper,
masonry with emissivity =.9) and mean low outdoor temperatures
of 0 degrees and daily temperature differences of 20 degrees.
Consult the ASHRAE Handbook if you have other conditions.

4. Warning: the surface film coeficient is for an interior
non-reflective wall, and for any exterior surface assuming 15 mph
winds. Consult the ASHRAE Handbook if you have any other conditions.


To report any bugs / comments email milne@https://www.sodocs.net/doc/3518637241.html,

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To use Opaque 2.0 on MS-Windows,

Minimum Requirements:
Windows 95 or later
Windows NT 4.0 or later
At least 16 MB RAM
Pentium 90 or higher processor (Recommended)

If you have problems launching Opaque, it is possible that you
do not have the latest Microsoft system dlls that Opaque needs.
In that case go to the
URL: https://www.sodocs.net/doc/3518637241.html,/energy-design-tools
and download the version of Opaque that will install the
required dlls next to your application. Caution this is a
large zip file about 1.6 MB, and may take a while to
download.

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To change materials you have two choices, you can click on "Editor" on
the top line, or you can manually edit OPAQUE's MATERIAL.DAT File.

If you click on "Editor" you need to know the units of the data:
the thermal properties are metric and the dimensions are in inches:
Density: kg/cuM
R-value: per inch of thickness (if absolute, manually edit) inch/pound units
Specific Heat: J/kg degC (not kJ)
Conductance = Conductivity: W/M degC
Thickness = inches


If you elect to use a word processor to edit the MATERIAL.DAT file, be sure
that it is in the plain text mode, and do not use tab key to space out lines.

see comments added behind the "//" lines in Concrete Wall
and in Metal Studs below

// MaterialType in the first section defines categories
// on the Section Builder Screen
// (click the section builder icon)
// fo

r example:

[MaterialType_0] // the first material in the list is Wall Materials
Type=Wall Materials

[MaterialType_1] // next comes Roof
Type=Roof // Etc. . .


// Materials are defined next: including thermal properties (in metric units)
// dimensions (in inches)
// graphic instructions
// see typical comments added below

// Conversion Factors if needed are:
// Specific Heat: 1 BTU/LB degF = 4.1868 kJ/kg deg C
// Density: 1 LB/cubic FT = 16.02 kg/cubic M
// Conductivity: 1 BTUH/Ft degF = 1.7307 W/M degC
// for example:

[Material_3]
MaterialName=Concrete Wall // solid concrete (vs. concrete block)
Type=0 // Material Type, selected from the above list
Thickness=4.0 // inches
Density=2300.0 // kg/cuM (see conversion factors above)
Rvalue=0.19 // per inch of thickness or absolute, see below
CountRThk=1 // Boolean: 1 = above is per inch. 0 = above is absolute
SpHeat=653.0 // Specific Heat: J/kg degC (not kJ)
Conductance=0.97 // Conductivity: W/M degC
StruComp=0 // Boolean: Structural Component (not used??)
Insulation=0 // boolean, is this an insulation material
Width=0 // not used in homogeneous components
Spacing=0 // not used in homogeneous components
Bitmap=200 // the following defines graphics to draw a concrete wall
Style=2
Color=110,110,110 // RGB color designation
Pattern=5
DrawPat=1
DrawPat=0

[Material_4]
MaterialName=Metal Studs // Typical of Composite sections like Stud Walls
Type=0 // Material Type: select from above list
Thickness=4 // inches
Density=0.00 // use 0.0 because other component affects Time Lag, Decr.
Rvalue=1.14 // per inch used to calculate U-factor of composite section
CountRThk=1 // Boolean: the above is per inch (0=absolute)
SpHeat=0.0 // use 0.0 because other component affects Time Lag, Decr.
Conductance=0.18 // Conductivity: W/M deg C
Insulation=0 // Boolean: is this an insulating material
StruComp=0 // Boolean: Structural Component (not used??)
Width=3 // inches, the width of the graphic component
Spacing=16 // inches, spacing of these graphic components
Bitmap=202 // the following defines graphics for drawing metal studs
Style=2
Color=128,128,128 // RGB color designation
Pattern=0
DrawPat=6



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