2021年高考英语语法复习 代词考点总结及配套练习

2021年高考英语语法复习代词

考点一人称代词

人称代词有主格和宾格之分,在句中作主语时用主格,作宾语或表语时用宾格。

Tom is a student.He works very hard.

汤姆是一名学生,他学习非常努力。

Please send her the parcel.请把包裹寄给她。

He has a dog to keep him company.

他有一条狗陪伴他。

①作主语的人称代词如果孤立地使用于无谓语动词的句子中,或在这种句子中与动词不定式连用,常用宾格。

—Tom,go and clean the yard.

——汤姆,去打扫院子。

—Why me?——为什么是我?

②在比较状语从句中,than,as后用主格或宾格都可以。

He is taller than I∕me.他比我高。

考点二物主代词

The students are doing their homework.

学生们正在做作业。

Your room is big while mine is small.

你的房间大,而我的房间小。

考点三指示代词

The quality of education in this small school is better than that in some larger schools.这所小学校的教育质量比一些更大的学校的(教育质量)好。

Such are my friends who will never fail to help me when needed.我的朋友们就是这样:永远会在我需要他们时伸出援手。

考点四相互代词

相互代词包括each other和one another。相互代词无人称、数和格的区别,在句中作宾语。所有格是在其后加’s,在句中作定语。

We have to help one another.我们得互相帮助。

They looked into each other’s eyes for a silent company.

他们默默地对视了一会儿。

考点五反身代词

反身代词包括oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves, yourself, yourselves, myself,ourselves,可以在句中作宾语、表语及主语或宾语的同位语。

1.与动词构成词组:be oneself 处于正常状态,显得自然;enjoy oneself 玩得开心;come to oneself 恢复知觉,苏醒过来;help oneself to sth.为自己取用某物;devote oneself to sth.致力于某事

2.与介词构成词组:by oneself 独自地;for oneself 亲自;by itself 自动地;to oneself 独占,独用

考点六不定代词

1.another,the other,other,others 的区别

(1)another “又一;再一;另一”,泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的“另一个”。

This coat is too dark.Please show me another.

这件外套颜色太深了,请给我另拿一件。

(2)the other表示两者中的“另一个”或两部分中的“另一部分”,是特指,常用于one...the other...。

He has two books—one is a textbook,and the other is a novel.

他有两本书——一本是课本,另一本是小说。

(3)other作定语,表示“另外的,其他的”。

We study Chinese,maths,English and other lessons.

我们学习汉语、数学、英语和其他课程。

(4)others作代词,泛指“其他人”或“其他物”,相当于“other+复数名词”。

Some are singing and dancing,some are drawing,others are climbing the hill.

有的在唱歌跳舞,有的在画画,还有的在爬山。

2.指代词it,one,ones,the one,the ones,that,those的区别

3.no one,nobody,none,nothing的区别

(1)no one,nobody表示“没有人;谁也不”,只指人,作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。常用来问答who引导的问句。

Charles was alone at home,with no one looking after him.查尔斯一个人在家,没人照顾他。

(2)none“没人;没有任何东西”,既可指人,也可指物,表示三个或三个以上的人或物。none后可接of短语,常用来回答how many∕much引导的问句。

—How many of you have seen the film?

——你们中有多少人看过这部电影?

—None (of us).

——一个也没有。

(3)nothing意为“没有东西”,只指物。一般回答what提问的句子。

Nothing in my life impressed me so deeply as my first visit to the Palace Museum.我一生中没有什么像我第一次去故宫那样给我留下深刻印象了。

4.all,both,either,any,neither的区别

(1)all指所有的人或物,表示“(三者或三者以上)全部;都”。

They all agreed to the plan.

他们都同意这项计划。

(2)both表示“两者都”。

You are both too young.

你们两个都太小了。

(3)either表示“(两者中)任何一个”。

Either of the two stories is very interesting.

这两个故事哪个都很有趣。

(4)any表示“(三者或三者以上)任何一个”,也可表示不可数名词。

I’m sorry I can’t lend you any (money).

对不起,我不能借给你钱。

(5)neither表示“(两者)都不”。

Because Henry and Mark had to work,neither of them came yesterday.

因为亨利和马克要工作,所以昨天两人都没来。

考点七it的用法

1.it指时间、距离、天气等

It’s 112 miles from London to Birmingham.

从伦敦到伯明翰有112英里。

2.指代前面提到过的同一事物

Your story is interesting,but I don’t like it.

你的故事很有趣,但是我不喜欢。

—Have you found your pen?

——你找到你的钢笔了吗?

—No,I haven’t found it.

——还没有。

3.it作形式主语的句型

(1)It+be+adj.+(for sb.) to do sth.常用于此句型的形容词easy,difficult,

hard,necessary,unnecessary,possible等。

It is necessary to change your job.

你换一下工作是有必要的。

(2)It+be+adj.+of sb.to do sth.此句型中的形容词描述的是人的品德、特征。能用于该句型的形容词有:kind,nice,wise,silly,polite,impolite,friendly,foolish,clever等。How silly it was of you to give up such a good chance!

你放弃这样一个好机会是多么傻啊!

(3)It+be+n.(+for sb.∕sth.)+to do sth.用于此句型的名词(短语)有:pity,shame,pleasure,fun,joy,good manners,bad manners等。

It is bad manners for the young to take up the seats for the old.年轻人占据老人的座位是不礼貌的。

(4)It+be+adj.∕n.+doing sth.用于此句型的形容词和名词(短语)常见的有:no∕little use,no∕much good,useless,no fun等。

It’s no use crying over spilt milk.覆水难收。

(5)It+be+adj.+主语从句。在“It is natural∕necessary∕important∕strange+that从句”中,从句的谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”,且should可以省略。

It’s necessary and important that one should master the skills of operating computers. 掌握电脑操作技术是有必要的也是很重要的。

4.it作形式宾语的情况

(1)主语+believe∕find∕feel∕think∕guess∕suppose∕make+it+adj.+不定式∕动词-ing形式∕从句。

I feel it hard to climb the hill.

我感觉爬山很困难。

(2)某些及物动词或短语后不能直接跟宾语从句。此时须先用it作形式宾语,然后接宾语从句,有此用法的动词(短语):like,dislike,hate,appreciate,depend on,rely on,count on等。

I hate it when people talk with their mouths full.

我讨厌人说话时嘴里含着食物。

语法训练

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1.Remember that privacy settings can be very helpful for this,so use (they)if they’re available.

2.However,while is fun to keep up with the latest news,we may actually be putting ourselves in danger.

3.It is the time when young people will move out of (they) home to live with other people,often strangers.

4.A friend of (I) complained all the way while she stepped on the bricks walking towards me.

5.Recently a post went popular on the US question website Quora.It asked,“Have you ever been considered more attractive in a country than your own?”

6.Global warming refers to the fact that the earth’s atmosphere is warming near (it) surface — in other words,it’s getting hotter.

7.Or maybe you would pay a visit to (you)as a baby.

8.It’s an either-or situation—we can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we can’t do .

9.To her joy,Della earned first the trust of her students and then of her colleagues.

10.If you’re buying a today’s paper from the stand,could you get for me?

11.I’ve lived in New York and Chicago,but don’t like of them very much.

12.But, with effort and passion, one can achieve a great deal.Without those things, you’re not going to achieve .

13.—Which of those ties do you like best?

—.They are all too expensive and don’t go well with my new suit.

14.All of them complained about the stone but not tried to remove .

15.The staff were very helpful, making sure that I was having fun and taking good care of (I).

答案及剖析:

1.them 考查人称代词。句意:记住,隐私设置在这方面很有帮助,所以如果有的话就使用它们。此处use是动词,后面用人称代词宾格作宾语,故答案为them。

2.it 考查代词。该空中it是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的不定式to keep up with...

3.their 考查代词的用法。此处的语境是年轻人离开他们的家去和其他人,一般是陌生人,生活在一起。根据句意,此处应该是人称代词作定语,修饰home,所以用their。

4.mine 考查代词。语意表示“我的一个朋友”,故填mine。

5.other 考查代词。此处other than表示“除……外……”。

6.its 考查形容词性物主代词。设空处修饰surface,表示“它的”,故填its。

7.yourself 考查反身代词。根据语意知,你要回到过去看一下还是婴儿的自己,故用反身代

词yourself。

8.both 考查代词的用法。此处指前面提到的两种情况,填不定代词both。

9.that 考查代词的用法。此处指代不可数名词trust,表示特指,因此用代词that。

10.one 考查代词的用法。此处指代名词paper,表示泛指,因此用不定代词one。

11.either 考查代词的用法。此处表示“(两者中)任何一个”,应该填不定代词either。

12.much 考查代词。根据句意知,没有这些,你不可能获得很多,故需要代词much。

13.None 考查代词的用法。根据They are all too expensive and don’t go well with my new suit.可知设空处表示“都不喜欢”。又none表示三者或三者以上都不,故答案为none。

14.it 考查代词的用法。句意:他们都抱怨那块大石头但都不去将它搬开。根据句子意思可知,此处指前面提及的那块大石头,故用it。

15.myself 考查反身代词。根据语意知,此处要用反身代词,表示“照顾好我自己”。

Ⅱ.语篇语法填空

Many English learners work hard 1. (improve) their pronunciation.If you are not making as much progress as you hoped,you are not alone.You may be 2. (surprise) to know that 3.number of teachers do not know how to 4. (successful) teach this skill.Judy Gilbert is an expert,who has written many books on the subject.She explains that,for the past 50 years,most English language teachers haven’t been trained to teach how to pronounce.Teachers mainly show individual sounds,such as the “wh” sound in the word “what”,5. individual sounds are only one part.Other parts include rhythm,intonation(语调),and stress—the loudness you give 6. part or all of a word or words.These 7. (factor) together make up the system of spoken English.In everyday speech,some words and sounds are almost always pronounced fully and clearly,while others are reduced and less clear.William Stout 8. (lead) the workshops for 10 years.Stout enjoys 9. (use) songs and song-like materials in his classes.These things reproduce the natural rhythm,intonation,and stress of conversational English.Listening to songs,says Stout,10. (help) speed up your progress.

语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了英语学习中的发音问题。

答案及剖析:

1.to improve 考查非谓语动词。许多英语学习者努力学习以改善自己的发音。此处用动词

不定式作目的状语。

2.surprised 考查形容词。你可能会对一些老师不知道如何成功地教授这种技能感到非常惊讶。本句的主语为You,故应用surprised“惊讶的”作表语,形容人因为某事而感到惊讶。

3.a 考查冠词。a number of许多,一些,为固定用法。

4.successfully 考查副词。此处应用副词successfully“成功地”修饰动词teach。

5.but 考查连词。老师们主要展示单独的发音,比如单词“what”中“wh”的发音,但是单独的发音只是(发音系统的)一部分。根据语境可知,空处前后句之间存在语义上的转折关系,故应用表示转折的连词but“但是”。

6.to 考查介词。give sth.to sth.将……用在……,为固定搭配。

7.factors 考查名词单复数。这些因素共同构成英语口语的系统。factor“因素,要素”为可数名词,因为空前有These修饰,故用其复数形式。

8.has led/has been leading 考查时态。William Stout已经开设了10年的研习班。根据本文的基本时态为一般现在时及句中的时间状语“for 10 years”和语境可知,此处可用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/4012011752.html,ing 考查非谓语动词。Stout喜欢在他的课堂上使用歌曲和类似歌曲的材料。enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事,为固定用法。

10.helps 考查主谓一致。此处为动名词短语Listening to songs在句中作主语,故谓语动词应用第三人称单数,故填helps。

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