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2015年03月21日雅思阅读考题回顾

雅思考试阅读考题回顾

朗阁海外考试研究中心徐航

考试日期 2015年3月21日

Reading Passage 1

Title

Exploration and Exploitation 发现新大陆（历史类）V130606 Question types 判断题 7题

句子填空 6题

文章内容回顾哥伦布发现新大陆的时间英国人也去过。1864年出发，因为各种原因

被阻止，最终带了17个人出发，发现新大陆并且记载，但并没有被流

传。后来有一个人去了但没有记载和证据。再后来他儿子在那里发展了

捕鱼业。提到南欧和北欧人对鱼的保存方式不同，北欧和挪威人一样

dry fish, 但南欧因为地处海边所以用大量盐来处理鱼，对这点有详细的

比较说明。有一个Dr 对这种不同做了详细的比较。最后一段提到了

account 。

1-7判断题

1. True

2. False

3. Not Given

4. True

5. False

6. Not Given

7. True

8-13句子填空

8. 葡萄牙人的船队最远到Africa

9. 他们的ships 被大量鱼阻碍

10. 南欧人在18世纪储存鱼用salt

相关原文阅读

First voyage

12 October 1492 – Christopher Columbus discovers The Americas for Spain, painting by John Vanderlyn.

On the evening of 3 August 1492, Columbus departed from Palos de la Fronterawith three ships: a larger carrack, the Santa María ex-Gallega ("Galician"), and two smaller caravels, the Pinta ("The Pint", "The Look", or "The Spotted One") and the Santa Clara, nicknamed the Ni?a (lit. "Girl") after her owner Juan Ni?o of Moguer. The monarchs forced the Palos inhabitants to contribute to the expedition. The Santa María was owned by Juan de la Cosa and captained by Columbus. The Pinta and the Ni?a were piloted by the Pinzón brothers (Martín Alonso and Vicente Yá?ez).

Columbus first sailed to the Canary Islands, which belonged to Castile, where he restocked the provisions and made repairs. After stopping over in Gran Canaria, he departed from San Sebastián de La Gomera on 6 September, for what turned out to be a five-week voyage across the ocean. A lookout on the Pinta, Rodrigo de Triana (also known as Juan Rodríguez Bermeo), spotted land about 2:00 on the morning of 12 October, and immediately alerted the rest of the crew with a shout. Thereupon, the captain of the Pinta, Martín Alonso Pinzón, verified the discovery and alerted Columbus by firing a lombard. Columbus later maintained that he himself had already seen a light on the land a few hours earlier, thereby claiming for himself the lifetime pension promised by Ferdinand and Isabella to the first person to sight land.

Columbus called the island (in what is now The Bahamas) San Salvador; the natives called it Guanahani. Exactly which island in the Bahamas this corresponds to is unresolved. Based on primary accounts and based on what one would expect based on the geographic positions of the islands given Columbus's venture's course, the prime candidates are San Salvador Island (so named in 1925 on the theory that it was Columbus' San Salvador), Samana Cay, and Plana Cays.

The indigenous people he encountered, the Lucayan, Taíno, or Arawak, were peaceful and friendly. Noting their gold ear ornaments, Columbus took some of the Arawaks prisoner and insisted that they guide him to the source of the gold.

From the entry in his journal of 12 October 1492, in which he wrote of them, "Many of the men I have seen have scars on their bodies, and when I made signs to them to find out how this happened, they

indicated that people from other nearby islands come to San Salvador to capture them; they defend themselves the best they can. I believe that people from the mainland come here to take them as slaves. They ought to make good and skilled servants, for they repeat very quickly whatever we say to them. I think they can very easily be made Christians, for they seem to have no religion. If it pleases our Lord, I will take six of them to Your Highnesses when I depart, in order that they may learn our language."

Columbus remarked that their lack of modern weaponry and metal-forged swords or pikes was a tactical vulnerability, writing, "I could conquer the whole of them with 50 men, and govern them as I pleased."

Columbus also explored the northeast coast of Cuba, where he landed on 28 October. On 22 November, Martín Alonso Pinzón took the Pinta on an unauthorized expedition in search of an island called "Babeque" or "Baneque", which the natives had told him was rich in gold. Columbus, for his part, continued to the northern coast of Hispaniola, where he landed on 5 December.

There, the Santa María ran aground on Christmas Day 1492 and had to be abandoned. The wreck was used as a target for cannon fire to impress the native peoples. Columbus was received by the native cacique Guacanagari, who gave him permission to leave some of his men behind. Columbus left 39 men, includingLuis de Torres, the Converso interpreter, who spoke Hebrew and Arabic, and founded the settlement of La Navidad at the site of present-day Bord de Mer de Limonade, Haiti. Columbus took more natives prisoner and continued his exploration. He kept sailing along the northern coast of Hispaniola with a single ship, until he encountered Pinzón and the Pinta on 6 January.

On 13 January 1493, Columbus made his last stop of this voyage in the New World. He landed on the Samaná Peninsula, where he met the hostile Ciguayos who presented him with his only violent resistance during his first voyage to the Americas. The Ciguayos had refused to trade the amount of bows and arrows that Columbus desired; in the ensuing violence two were stabbed to death. Because of this and because of the Ciguayos' use of arrows, he called the inlet where he met them the Bay of Arrows (or Gulf of Arrows). Today, the place is called the Bay of Rincón, in Samaná, the Dominican Republic. Columbus kidnapped about 10 to 25 natives and took them back with him (only seven or eight of the native Indians arrived in

Spain alive, but they made quite an impression onSeville).

Columbus headed for Spain on the Ni?a, but after a stop in the Azores a storm forced him to separate from the Pinta and into the port at Lisbon. He anchored next to the King's harbor patrol ship on 4 March 1493 in Portugal and was interviewed by Bartolomeu Dias, whose rounding of the Cape of Good Hope a few years earlier in 1488–1489 had complicated Columbus's attempts for funding from the Portuguese court. After spending more than one week in Portugal, and paying his respects to Eleanor of Viseu, he set sail for Spain. Ferdinand Magellan was a young boy and a ward of Eleanor's court; it is likely he saw Columbus during this visit. After departing, and after reportedly being saved from assassins by John II of Portugal, Columbus crossed the bar of Saltes and entered the harbor of Palos on 15 March 1493. Word of his finding new lands rapidly spread throughout Europe.

Columbus's second voyage

Columbus left the port of Cadiz on 24 September 1493, with a fleet of 17 ships carrying 1,200 men and the supplies to establish permanent colonies in the New World. The passengers included priests, farmers, and soldiers, who would be the new colonists. This reflected the new policy of creating not just "colonies of exploitation", but also "colonies of settlement" from which to launch missions dedicated to converting the natives to Christianity. Modern studies suggest that, as reported by the Washington Post, "crew members may have included free black Africans who arrived in the New World about a decade before the slave trade began."

As in the first voyage, the fleet stopped at the Canary Islands, from which it departed on 13 October, following a more southerly course than on the previous expedition. On 3 November, Columbus sighted a rugged island that he named Dominica (Latin for Sunday); later that day, he landed at Marie-Galante, which he named Santa María la Galante. After sailing past Les Saintes (Los Santos, "The Saints"), he arrived at the island of Guadeloupe, which he named Santa María de Guadalupe de Extremadura, after the image of the Virgin Mary venerated at the Spanish monastery of Villuercas, inGuadalupe, Cáceres, Spain. He explored that island from 4 to 10 November.

Michele da Cuneo, Columbus' childhood friend from Savona, sailed with Columbus during the second voyage and wrote: "In my opinion, since Genoa was Genoa, there was never born a man so well

equipped and expert in the art of navigation as the said lord Admiral." Columbus named the small island of "Saona ... to honor Michele da Cuneo, his friend from Savona."

题型难度分析历史类文章是近期考试的高频，多去阅读同类型话题文章，增加对西方历史背景的熟悉度。判断题属于顺序类题型，最后的句子填空比较集中。

题型技巧分析判断题：

顺序题型，注意定位词和考点词，注意区分FALSE和NOT GIVEN的辨析，FALSE是文章有提到信息并且与题目信息对立，NOT GIVEN是文章没有提及题目所问信息，所以考点词的推测对区分FALSE和NOT GIVEN有很大影响。

句子填空：

有顺序原则，运用定位的方法，注意空周围单词在文中的替换。

剑桥雅思推荐原

文练习

剑6 Test 3 Passage 1

Reading Passage 2

Title CSR corporate social responsibility（社会类）V140515

Question types List of Headings 7题Summary填空2题描述配对4题

文章内容回顾企业的社会责任可以帮助企业拓展业务，帮助社会解决一些问题，员工的医疗健康等，最后三段举了三个例子：GE公司，Microsoft公司，垃圾处理环保公司。

14-20 List of headings

i How CSR may help one business to expand

ii CSR in many aspects of a company's business

ill A CSR initiative without a financial gain

iv Lack of action by the state of social issues

v Drives or pressures motivate companies to address CSR

W the past illustrates business are responsible for future outcomes vii Companies applying CSR should be selective

viii Reasons that business and society benefit each other

14 Paragraph A 选：v

15 Paragraph B 选：vi

16 Paragraph C 选：vii

17 Paragraph D 选：iii

18 Paragraph E 选：i

19 Paragraph F 选：viii

20 Paragraph G 选：iv

21-22 Summary填空

The implement of CSR, HOW?

Promotion of CSR requires the understanding of interdependence

between business and society. Corporations workers' productivity

generally needs health care, Education, and given 21 equal

opportunity Restrictions imposed by government and companies

both protect consumers from being treated unfairly. Improvement of

the safety standard can reduce the 22 internal cost of accidents in

the workplace. Similarly society becomes a...

23-26描述配对(NB)

List of companies

A. a general electronic

B. Microsoft

C. whole foods market

23. Disposal of waste 选：C

24. The way company purchases as goods 选：B

25. Helping the undeveloped 选：A

26. Ensuring the people have the lasted information 选：A

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