常用数学符号
常用数学符号、公式和等式的读法&英语缩写词
(2011-03-15 01:20:19)
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标签：
数学
公式
符号
分类：学习
等式
缩写
读法
杂谈
一、常用数学符号、公式和等式的读法
+ 加号,加 plus
+ 正号 positive
- 减号,减 minus
- 负号,负 negetive
± 加或减 plus or minus
± 正或负 plus or minus
· 乘 multiplied by times into
÷ 除 divided by
: 比 proportional to
= 等号 equal sign
= 等于 to equal,to equals
> 大于 greater than
< 小于 less than
≥ 大于等于 greater than or equal
≤ 小于等于less than or equal
≡ 恒等于 identical with
≈ 约等于 approximately equal
≌ 全等于 congruent
～等价于 equivalent to;
相似于 similar to
→ 趋近于 approaches
( ) 括号,括弧 1) parentheses;parenthesis;sign parenthesis 圆括号,圆括弧 2) round brackets
[ ] 方括号1) squre [angular] brackets
括号2) brackets
{ } 花括号 braces
∑ 求和summstion of;sigma
从1到n的和 the sum form i equalsone to n;sigma
从1到n的积 the product form i equalsone to n
x1 +x2+x3+ΛΛ x one x two plus x three,etc(et cetera)
a=b 1) a equals to b
2) a is equal to b
3) a is b
a≠b a is not equal to b;a is not b
a>b a is greater than b
a< td>
a≥b a is greater than or equal to b
a≤b a is less than or equal to b
a≈b a approximately equal (s) b
a∝b a varies directly as b;a is (directly) proportional to b a∈A a is member of set A
A?B A is contained in B;A is a proper subset of B AIB A intersection B
AYB A union
{ }或φ empty set
?implies
?is equivalent to xRy x is in the relation R to y
a±b a plus or minus b
(a+b)(a-b) a plus b,a minus b
(a+b)2 a plus b all squared
(a÷b)2 a over b all squared
n! n factorial;factorial n
a% a persent
|a| mod a;modulus a
x→∞ x approaches infinity
0< x <>
0≤x≤a zero is less than or equal to x is less than or equal to a
c=a.b 1)c equals (is equal to) a multiplied by b
2) c equals a times b
1:2 the ratio of one to two
1/2 a half;one half
1/3 a third;one third
1/100 a[one] hundredth
1/1000 a[one] thousandth
0.1(.1) zero point one;nought point one
0.01(.01) zero point zero one;nought point nought one
3.1416 three point one four one six
14. one four point one four,one four recurring
a:b the ratio of a to b
a:b=c 1) a devided by b equals c
2) a devided by b is c
3)the ratio of a to b is c
a:b=c:d 1) the ratio of a to b equals the ratio of c to d
2) a is to b as c is to d
a+b>c a plus b is greater then c
a+b<>
a+b=c a plus b is (are;equals;is equal to) c
a-b=c a minus b(b from a) is(equals;is equal to;leaves) c (a,b) a< td the open in terval from to>
[a,b]a≤x≤b the closed interval from a to b
(a,b) the interval a< td>
[a,b] the interval a≤x
a< td x then>
a≤x≤b a is less then or equal to x is less then or equal to b logax logarithm (base) of x
lnx natural logarithm of x
x2 1)x square;x squured
2) x to the second power
3) x raised to the second power
4) the square of x
5) the second power of x
6) x to the second
x3 1)x cube;x cubed
2) x to the third power
3) x raised to the third power
4) the cube of x
5) the third power of x
6) x to the third
x n 1)x to the n-th power
2) x raised to the n-th power
3) the n-th power of x
4) x to the n-th
x-n 1) x to the minus n-th
2) x to the minus n-th power
radical
=b 1) the square root of a is(equals) b 2) the square root out of a is(equals) b the square root of a
the cube root of a
the cube root
the n-th root
a′ a prime
a n 1) a second prime
2) a double prime
3) a twice dashed;
a m 1) a triple prime
2) a third prime
a1 1) a sub one
2) a first
a2 1) a sub two
2) a second
a m 1) a su
b m
2) a m-th
a'm 1) a prime,sub m
2) a sub m,prime
a'1 a first prime
a n2 a second, second prime
y first derivative of y
second derivative of y
dy/dx first derivative of y with respect to x
d2y/dx2 second derivative of y with respect to x
y=f(x) y is a function of x
∫ integral of
1) integral of……from a to b
2) integral of……between limits a and b
capital L equals the square root of (out of ) capital R square plus minus x square
a to the m by n-th power equals the n-th root of (out of) a to
the m-th power
P=∞ p is equal to infinity
∠ angle
⊥ perpendicular;is perpendicular to
∥ parallel;is parallel to
△ABC triangje ABC
vector F
a bar
≌ is congruent to
～ is similar t
A-1 inverse of matrix A% percent
二、英语缩写词
abs absolute 绝对的
absolutely 绝对地
A.D Anno Domini 公元
ad inf ad infinitum 趋于无限
ads address 地址
agg aggregate 总数、共计
al algebra 代数
alt altitude 高度
alternate 交错,交替
a.m above-mentioned 上述的
a.m. arithmetic mean 算术平均
amt amount 数量
ans answer 答案、解答、回答AoI and-or-inverter 与或非
A.P arithmetic
等差数列
progression
appl application 应用
appr approximate 近似、约计appx appendix 附录
arg argument 自变数,幅角arith arithmetic 算术
aut automatic 自动的
aux,auxil auxiliary 辅助的
av,avg average 平均
Ax Axiom 公理
B.C Before Christ 公元前
BCD Binary Coded Decimal 二进制编码的十进制BC.O Binary Coded Octal 二进制编码的八进制℃(c)centigrate 摄氏度
C cubic 立方的
cycle 周
centi 厘,百分之一
ca circa 大约
CAD Computer-Aided
计算机辅助设计
Design
CAI Computer-Aided
计算机辅助教学
Instruction
calcd calculated 计算的
cat catalog (ue) 目录,一览表
C.C.W Counter-Clockwise 逆时针方向
c.d centre distance 中心距离
cf. confer 参看、见、比较
cg center of gravity 重心
C.G.S Centimetre Gramme
厘米·克·秒(单位)制
Second
Ch. Chapter 章
chap chapter 章
char character 字符
cir circular 圆形的
circum circumference 圆周
cit cited 引用
ckt circuit 电路
C.l. center-line 中心线
C.L.A center line average
算术平均法,平均高度法method
cm centimetre 厘米
coeff. coefficient 系数
com common 公,公共
col column 行,纵行,栏,项目,柱comp. compare 比较
con contra 相反
conclusion 结论
con.sec conic sections 圆锥曲线
const constant 常数
construction 作图
cont (contd) continued 续,接Contr. Contracted 省略的
Contraction 省略
Cor corollary 推论,系cp compare 比较
ct constant 常数
circuit 电路,线路ctr (s) center (s) 中心
cu (cub) cubic 立方
C.W. clockwise 顺时针方向CY cycle 周期,周
d degre
e 度
D density 密度
diameter 直径
date 日期
D.C. digital computer 数字计算机D.E differential
微分方程
equation
def(def’n)definition 定义
deg degree 度
demon demonstrative 求证
den density 密度
der derivative 导数,微商
det detail 详细,细节,详图
DF decimal fraction (十进)小数
dia (m) diameter 直径
diag diagram 图,图解
diff difference 差,不同
DIV divide 除
Do (d°)ditto 同上,同前,如前所述doub double 加倍,二倍,成双的,成倍的DP data processing 数据处理
E east 东
edit edition 版,版本
e.e error expected 允许的误差
e.g exempli gratia=for
例如
example
eq. equal 相等
eq (eq’n)equation 等式,方程esp. especially 特别
et al et alii 及其他
et alibi 及别处
etc et cetera 等等
et seq et sequentia 及以下等等ex (s) example(s) 例
exercise 练习,习题
extra 特别的
ext external 外部的
exterior 在外
f frequency 频率
fig figure 图,图形
fn function 函数,功能FQCY frequency 频率
fxd fixed 固定的,不变的g(gm) gramme 克
GA general average 平均值
G.C.D greatest common
最大公约数
divisor
G.C.F greatest common
最大公因子
factor
G.C.M greatest common
最大公约数
measure
geom. geometry 几何学
G.P geometrical
等比数列,几何数列
progression
gr(grm) gram 克
h hour 小时
height 高,高度
H.C.F. highest common
最高公因式,最大公约数
factor
hf half 半
hor horizontal 水平的
hr hour 小时
hyp hypothesis 假设
ib (ibid) ibidem 在同处(书,文献等出处) id idem 同前,同上,同作者,同样iden identical 恒等,全等
i.e id est=that is 即,就是,换言之
ig idem quod 如同
ih inverted hour 逆(反)时针的
im image 图像
inc increase 增加
ind index 索引,指标,刻度indef indefinite 无限,不定
in.ex in extenso 全部
inf infinity 无穷大,无限大
infra 上、下限
inh inverted hour 逆(反)时针的int interior 内部的,在内int.al inter alia 尤其
I/O input/output 输入/输出
IT information
信息技术
technology
information theory 信息论
IV independent variable 独立变数
J journal 期刊,杂志
jour journal 期刊,杂志
kg kilogram 千克
km kilometer 千克
l length 长度
l.c loco citato 上述引文中
L.C.M. least common
最小公倍数(式)
multiple
Lowest common multiple 最低公倍式
Lgth length 长度
l.h left hand 左方,左侧
lim limit 极限
lin linear 直线的,一次的,线性的lit liter (公)升
loc location 位置
loc.cit loco citato 上述引文中
ISD least significant
最低(数)位,最右(数)位digit
M mega 兆(106)
mille 千
M(m) medium 中间,中等
m metre 米
milli 毫(10-3)
million 兆(106)
minute 分钟
μ(mu) micro 微(10-6)
mae mean absolute error 平均绝对误差
mag magnitude 量,大小
math mathematical 数学的
mathematics 数学
max maximum 最大,最大值
min minimum 最小,最小值
minute 分钟
mo (s) month(s) 月
mon monthly 月刊
MS mean square 均方
n net 净
N number 数,编号,第…号
North 北
Northern 北方的
n.a.s.c necessary and
sufficient condition 充要条件,充分且必要的条件N.B nota bene= note well 注意
neg negative 负的
Net network 网络
No(s) number(s) 数,编号,第…号
nr near 在…附近
O.D.E. ordinary
常微分方程
differential
equation
opp opposed 相反的,对面
ord ordinary 普通的,通常的
p page 页
PAR parallel 平行的,平行线,并联的par paragraph 节,段
P.C. per cent 百分比
pcs pieces 个,件,份
P.D.E partial differential
偏微分方程
equation
PERT program evaluation
and
review techniques 计划评审技术(统筹方法) ph phase 相位,相
pos positive 正的
pp pages 负(复数)
p.p proportional part 比例部分
Pr pair 偶,对
pr(pri,pry) primary 初级,最初的
prep perpendicular 垂直,正交
proc proceeding 学报,会刊
ps pseudo 伪,假
pt(s) part(s) 部分
p.t.o please turn over 请见(本页的)反面,请翻到下页
q question 问题
q.e quod est 这就是,即
Q.E D quod erat
证毕,证完,这就是所要证的,所求证者demonstrandum
w.r.t with respect to 关于,相对于