(经典背诵版)高级口译教程B

more than a large global village, where the residents come together with different cultural backgrounds and values. While experiencing the inevitable cultural exchanges as well as cultural clashes, the “villagers” seek to live in harmony. 2．当代社会的任何一个民族，其先进文化不是孤立的现象，而是与其他民族的文化进行广泛交流的产物。

In this modern world, the advanced culture of any nation has never been an isolated phenomenon, but the product of extensive exchanges with other cultures. 3．当然，任何一个民族的文化，其根基与主流必须具有这个民族的鲜明特征。

Of course, the root and the main current of any culture must bear its own distinctive national features.

4．文化交流不是让外国文化吞没自己的文化，而是为了丰富和充实本民族的文化。

Culture exchange is by no means a process of losing one’s own culture to a foreign culture, but to enrich a nation’s own culture.

5．通过文化交流，不同的文化可以相互学习，相互影响。

Through culture exchange, different cultures can absorb and influence each other. 6．在文化领域里，相互影响是一种非常复杂的现象。

In cultural field, Mutual influence is a very complicated phenomenon.

7．打个比喻，吸取外国文化是一个入口、咀嚼和消化的过程。Therefore, absorbing foreign culture is metaphorically a process of taking a bite, chewing and ingesting.

8．我们应该采取去伪存真、去粗取精、多出优进、抵御腐蚀的原则。

We should adopt the principle of eliminating the false and retaining the true, discarding the dross and selecting the essential, exporting more and importing the best, and resisting corruptive influences.

9．我不认为各种文化的不同特点和风格会因此而消失，相反，不同的文化可以取长补短，互为补充。

I don’t believe that such a practice will result in the disappearance of the particular features and styles pertaining to particular cultures. On the contrary, different cultures can learn from each other’s strengths and offset their own weakness and complement one another.

10．事实上，随着中国经济的发展和人民生活水平的提高，中国人民的视野开阔了，艺术鉴赏力也起了变化。

As a matter of fact, with the development of China’s e conomy and the improvement of people’s living standards, Chinese people’s horizons have been broadened and their tastes for art also have changed.

11．他们的兴趣变得广泛了。

And they have developed more interests.

12．他们不仅关心中国传统文化艺术和现代文化艺术，而且有了解世界文化发展趋势的愿望，又了解不同艺术风格和流派的愿望。

They are not only concerned about Chinese traditional and modern cultural art, but also eager to know about the trends of cultural development across the planet, to learn about different styles and schools of art.

13．我们在吸取外国文化优秀成果的同时，不能满足于一味模仿的做法。We should not be content with imitation without creation while absorbing excellent achievements from foreign cultures.

14．沉溺于简单的模仿会使自己失去创作力，无法达到新的艺术高度，无法向世界推出自己的优秀作品。

An obsession with simple imitation will sterilize creation, and as such it w ill be impossible for us to scale new heights in art and impossible to present to the world excellent works of our own creation.

15．新意是现代风格与传统风格的结合，是外国特色与本民族特色的结合，是艺术性于教育性的结合。

Novelty and originality result from the integration of modern and traditional styles, of the distinctive features of foreign countries and those of our own nation, and of artistry and education.

PASSAGE TWO

英译汉：

1．The Business English Certificate (BEC) test is gaining ever-increasing popularity in China, even surpassing the TOEFL test in some respects.

商务英语证书考试在中国越来越受到人们的欢迎，在有些方面其影响已经超过了托福考试。

2．The BEC, an English proficiency test administered throughout the world under the supervision of the Examination Committee of Cambridge University, offers successful parties a language ability certificate accepted in many countries.

商务英语证书，是在英国剑桥大学考试委员会监管下，在全球范围内实施的一种英语水平测试，凡通过考试者都可以得到议长为许多国家认可的英语语言能力证书。

3．Three year ago, Cambridge University contacted China’s State Education Commission concerning a cooperative effort to establish the BEC in China.

三年前，剑桥大学与中国国家教委一起共同合作在中国建立BEC 测试的适宜。

4．Initially, the commission was hesitant about allocating the investment necessary to introduce the unknown entity.

起初，这个委员会对拨款引进这个鲜为人知的测试项目一事上，迟而不绝。5．However, their fears were quickly dispelled when over 5,000 people in 29 cities, including 3,000 people in the Beijing area alone, applied to take the first exam.

但是他们的担忧很快就烟消云散了。29 个城市的5000 多个人申请参加首次测试，仅北京地区的考生究达到3000 人。

6．The BEC exam tests one’s specialized vocabulary needed to draft official business letters, as well as spoken language for telephone communications.

BEC 测试考查人们起草官方商务信件所必需的专业词汇以及电话交谈的口语能力。

7．It focuses on listening, speaking, reading and writing, especially on spoken English and practical business vocabulary.

它注重于听、说、读、写特别是英语口语以及使用的商务词汇。

8．In the wake of introductory exam, a BEC training network has been established in some 10 universities and institutions such as Beijing University, Beijing Normal University and Beijing Foreign Studies University.

第一次考试实施以后，BEC 培训网在北京大学、北京师范大学、北京外国语大学等10 来所高等院校建立起来。

9．High demand has resulted in the rapid enlargement of the network.

对接受BEC 培训的高需求导致了网络的迅速扩大。

10．At present, some two-thirds of those people involved in training for the exam are either employees of joint ventures, high-tech companies or hotels, and the rest are students.

参加应试培训的学生中约有三分之二属于合资企业、高科技公司或宾馆的职员，其余都是学生。

11．Shanghai International Studies University, for example, has become a major and successful training center for the BEC test in Shanghai.

全国各地越来越多的院校也开办了深受欢迎的BEC 培训班，例如上海外国语大学已经成为上海地区成功主办BEC 测试的一个主要培训中心。12．China has opened its doors ever wider in recent years.

中国近几年来越来越开放。

13．Business activities and economic exchanges and cooperation in this country are gaining in frequency.

商务活动和经济交流以及合作变得非常频繁。

14．There is a substantial rise in the number of entrepreneurs and financiers flocking to China to establish factories and companies.

蜂拥而入中国开场办公司的企业家和金融家，其人数急剧增长。15．These companies seek for prospective Chinese employees with adequate certification of their English proficiency.

这些公司需要招募有合格英语能力的中国雇员。

16．As a matter of fact, many institutions and companies such as the Beijing Diplomatic Personnel Service Bureau, Motorola (China) Corp., and NEC of Japan have already accepted the BEC as the criterion for the English level of their applicants, and are currently offering their employees training in BEC programs. 事实上，许多机构和公司比如北京外交人员服务局、摩托罗拉中国公司和日本电气株式会社，都早已把是否拥有BEC 作为检验救治着英语水平的标准。目前这些机构和公司正在为其雇员们提供补习BEC 的培训机会。TEXT FOR PRACTICE

PASSAGE ONE

汉译英：

1．18 年前中国开始对外开放，接踵而至的是中国与外国之间在商品、观念和文化方面活跃的交流。

Eighteen years ago China opened its door, and with that opening came a brisk exchange of goods, ideas and cultures between this country and the rest of the world.

2．我们试图了解外界，外界也试图了解我们，出现了人人受益的健康局面。

We tried to know about the outside world and in the meantime, the outside world tried to understand – a healthy situation that was bound to benefit everyone.

3．首先在这项新的开放政策中得益是中国青年知识分子。

The Chinese young intellectuals were among the first group of people who benefited from this new open policy.

4．从1978 年起，中国大批知识分子走出国门，他们之间有公派的、也有自费的。

Since 1978, a large number of Chinese intellectuals have gone abroad to study, some at the government’s expense, and others at their own.

5．中国人不断地走向海外，外国人也来到中国工作和学习，于是出现了在文化、经济、科技、方面广为交流的局面。中国人为之受益、世界也同样得益。

When Chinese continue to go overseas, people from other countries are coming here to work and study. The result is a wealth of cultural, economic, scientific and technological exchanges that profit not only China but the rest of the world as well. 6．许多学成回国的中国人在各自领域里走上了领导岗位。

Quite a few Chinese people who returned form abroad at the conclusion of their studies have become the leader in their respective fields in this country.

7．在中国留学的外国人也成了文化使者，他们的努力增进了中国与世界的友谊。

At the same time, foreigners who studied in China have become cultural envoys, and are working hard to promote the friendship between China and rest of the world.

8．无论是过去、现在还是将来，中国欢迎所有外国朋友的支持。

China welcomes the support of all our foreign friends, past, present or future. 9．世界需要人民，人民也需要世界。

The world needs China and we need the world.

PASSAGE TWO

英译汉：

1．Walk around any downtown district in a big city in China and you will likely bump into at least several foreigners, many to find a bargain in a department store or at a street stall.

漫步在中国任何一个大城市的市中心，你都可能碰到几个外国人，他们中的许多人想在百货商店或者地摊上猎取廉价商品。

2．Y ou will come across other coming in and out of busy hotels, who might have a Chinese spouse or sweetheart in tow.

你也会遇到另一些进出繁忙酒店的外国人，他们或许又以中国配偶或请人相伴左右。

3．It seems that these people are everywhere.

这些人们似乎到处可见。

4．While many Chinese seek to go abroad, millions of foreigners come to China every year.

许多中国人向往出国，而每年有数以百万计的外国人来到中国。

5．Like many other countries, the Chinese government is selective of those to

whom it will grant the right of permanent residence.

和许多其他国家一样，中国政府在给与予外国人永久居留权方面是有选择的。

6．Many would be immigrants often go to a lot of trouble to obtain a Residence Permit, the Chinese version of green card.

许多想成为移民的外国人经常要费一番周折，方可争取到一张勇救居留许可证，即一张中国版本的绿卡。

7．After a long wait, some of them finally get to stay and settle down, while others have to pack up and leave for a new destination.

等待了很长时间之后，一些人最终获得许可和可以定居下来，而有些人只得卷起铺盖，另觅新居。

8．Marring a Chinese is the most common way to get a resident status in China. 与中国人结婚是获得居留权的最常见的方法。

9．This type of marriages have increased year by year all across the country.

这类婚姻每年都有上升趋势。

10．Y ears ago, when a Chinese married someone from overseas, she or he would often choose to emigrate.

若干年前，中国人找老外的话往往会选择移民到国外。

11．Lately, however, more and more foreigners have chosen to stay here with their Chinese spouses.

然而近年来，越来越多的外国人选择和他们的配偶一起呆在中国。12．Why would anyone from overseas want to stay in China?

为什么外国人要留在中国呢？

13．The reasons vary.

原因种种，各有不同。

14．Some like the Chinese culture, and some think they can earn money more easily over here, while others want to escape the cruel, breathless rat race in the West.

一些人喜欢中国文化，一些人认为他们在这里可以很容易地挣到更多的钱，而另一些人是为了逃避西方社会那种残酷而又令人无法喘息的激烈竞争。15．One Japanese gentleman married a Chinese woman and didn’t find himself wanting to return to Japan.

一个日本男士娶了位中国女士,在也不想回日本了。

16．Although he could have an enjoyable life with well-off living conditions in his homeland, with a cozy apartment and even a nicer bank account, the sheer effort to simply get that far had taken its toll and besides, he had had enough of office politics and could no longer tolerate his back stabbing co-workers.

虽然这名日本人在自己的国家又由于的生活条件、温暖的寓所和客观的银行存折，然而，他为获得这一切以付出了沉重的代价。同时，他已经受够了公司内部斗争并且不愿意在忍受同事之间的那种明争暗斗、互相倾轧的人际关系。

17．It was in Beijing that he finally found himself a comfortable and easy life, the kind of life that he had been longing for.

正是在北京他最终为自己找到了舒适简单的生活，也是他梦寐以求的那种生

活。

UNIT NINE SCIENCE REPORT

TEXT

PASSAGE ONE

英译汉：

1．My topic today is “The Car and Air Pollution”.

我今天的话题是“轿车与空气污染”。

2．In particular, I want firstly to discuss the ways in which the car causes air pollution; and secondly, how we can control or reduce air pollution from the car. 具体说来，我想先讨论一下轿车引起空气污染的途径，然后我们如何控制和减少由轿车产生的空气污染。

3．First, then, how does the car cause air pollution?

首先，轿车如何导致空气污染？

4．What happens is that the car’s internal combustion engine is a kind of chemical factory on a small scale.

桥车内燃机实际上是一座小型化工厂。

5．It uses a mixture of petrol and air, and this mixture explodes and burns, to produce the energy which propels the car.

内燃机所用的燃料是汽油和空气的混合物。汽油夹着空气，燃烧后产生驱车动力。

6．But while this is happening, many complicated chemical reactions are taking place.

但是许多复杂的化学反应也同时发生。

7．In particular, part of the petrol-air mixture is not completely burned up, and so the exhaust gases from the engine contain some very dangerous chemicals, such as carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, lead and hydrocarbons.

具体而言，部分汽油空气混合物不能完全燃烧，并且发动机产生的废气包含着一些非常危险的化学物质，比如一氧化碳、氮氧化物、铅和碳氢化合物。8．This is the situation, then, and it’s going to get much worse, unless we do something about it.

这是一种情况，如果我们不对它采取某些措施，这种情况将会变得越来越糟糕。

9．So –let’s focus our attention now on ways of controlling or reducing the amount of air pollution caused by the car.

因此，我们现在应把注意力放在控制或者减少由汽车产生的空气污染方法上来。

10．I want to mention five possibilities.

我想谈一下可以采用的5 中措施：

11．First, we can discourage the use of cars.

首先，我们不鼓励使用轿车。

12．For example, we can put higher taxes on petrol and on cars themselves - especially the larger ones that use a lot of petrol.

例如，我们可以给汽油和轿车本身价更高的税- 特别是耗油量高的大型车。13．Second, we can encourage alternative methods of transport both between and

within urban areas.

第二，我们可以鼓励在城市内部和城市之间使用替代的交通工具。

14．For instance, we can make train and bus services cheaper and more convenient.

比如，我们可以使火车和巴士服务更加廉价和便利。

15．And we can build a mass transit system in large cities, particularly an underground railway system such as those in London, New Y ork, Moscow and Tokyo.

我们可以在大城市建立公共交通系统，特别是像伦敦、纽约、莫斯哥和东京的地铁系统。

16．Next, we can use a different and cleaner fuel for the internal combustion engine with other designs.

接下来，我们可以让内燃机使用不同的更清洁的燃料。

17．There are several possibilities being researched at present, such as electric, gas turbine, and “steam” en gines.

目前有几种正在研究中，比如电力引擎、燃气轮机、蒸汽机等。18．However, each of these engine designs has its own disadvantages.

然而，这些引擎的设计自身都有弊端。

19．Last but not the least, we are trying to control the emissions from the internal combustion engine much more strictly.

最后，我们正在尝试更加严格地控制内燃机释放的气体。

20．This, for example, is a catalytic converter, which converts the most dangerous ingredients of the car exhaust into water and harmless gases.

比如，催化式排气净化器，它将汽车废气中最危险的成分转变成水和无害气体。

21．These are five possible ways, then, of controlling air pollution caused by cars. 以上是控制轿车空气污染的五个可行的方法。

22．As I’m sure you can see, there are problems with each of these ways; but at least they’re a step in the right direction.

我相信你们都看到了，每一种方法都存在问题，但是至少它们都朝正确的方向跨出了一步。

23．Probable the best answer is a synthesis of all five.

也许最佳的答案是对五种方法采取兼收并蓄的态度。

PASSAGE TWO

汉译英：

1．女士们、先生们：

Ladies and Gentlemen:

2．几百年来，中国向全世界传播了其在5,000 年的历史长河中所积累的医疗保健知识。

For hundreds of years China has spread across the globe its knowledge of traditional medicine and health care, acquired over 5,000 years of history.

3．今日中国的传统保健方法，如太极拳、气功和按摩等，正日益显示其重要性。

Today the traditional Chinese health preservation methods, such as Taijiquan

boxing (or shadow boxing), static qigong breathing (controlled deep breathing exercise) and therapeutic massage, are gaining increasing importance.

4．中国人认为，太极是天地万物之根源。

We Chinese believe that taiji is the origin of all lives on earth.

5．太极分为阴阳二气，阴阳二气产生木、火、土、金、水者五行。

Taiji comprises yin and yang, two types of vital energy. The five elements of wood, fire, earth, metal and water derive from yin and yang.

6．五行代表着或作用于人体器官，即火对心，木对肝、土对脾、金对肺，水对肾。

The five elements correspond or affect, particular human organs. That is the element of the fire corresponds to the heart, the wood to the liver, the earth to the spleen and the stomach, the metal to the lung and the water to the kidney.

7．阴阳化合而生万物。

The combination of yin and yang gives birth to all lives on earth.

8．太极则代表了阴阳调和。

Taiji represents the harmonious state of balance between yin and yang.

9．根据《易经》记载，保持身心平衡是健康的要素。

According to ancient classic the Book of Changes, maintaining a balance between the mind and the body is vital for health.

10．中医药典《黄帝内经》开卷第一章提出了心神恬然以保气防病的理论。The opening chapter of Huang Di’s Canon of Internal Medicine, the encyclopedia of Chinese traditional medicine, introduces the theory of maintaining tranquility to ensure vital energy (which is produced in a spirit form inside the body) and prevent diseases.

11．这一理论已成为当今气功健身研究的基础理论。

This theory has become the theor etical framework for China’s current qigong and health preservation studies.

12．太极拳、气功和按摩这健身三法，就是以《易经》、《黄帝内经》提出

的理论为基础的。

The three health preservation methods, namely, shadowboxing, static qigong and therapeutic massage, are based on the theories outlined in the Book of Changes and Huang Di’s Canon of Internal Medicine.

13．长期以来，世界只知道中国有指南针、火药、造纸和活字印刷四大发明。

For a long period, the rest of the world was only aware of China’s four major inventions: the compass, gun-power, papermaking and movable-type printing. 14．几乎很少有人知道中国已发现了经络的存在。

V ery few know about China’s discovery of jingluo that exits in a human body. 15．经络是指人体内血气运行通路的主干与分支网络，针刺穴位散布其间。Jingluo is a system of internal main and collateral channels, regarded as a net work of energy passages, along which acupuncture points are distributed.

16．北京经络研究中心通过现代科学方法，已经证实了经络的存在。

The existence of jingluo has been testified by using scientific methods at the Beijing jingluo research center.

17．经络的发现为《易经》和《黄帝内经》所提出的理论提供了有力的证据。

The discovery of the existence of jinluo provides strong support for the theories advanced in the classics of the Book of Changes and Huang Di’s Canon of Internal Medicine.

18．今天世界各地学打太极拳、学做气功以及学习按摩的人越来越多。There is an increasing number of people worldwide learning shadowboxing, static qigong breathing and therapeutic massage.

19．这些健身之法不仅对人体健康有效，而且对心脑健康、性功能健康以及减肥，都有很好的疗效。

These methods are effective not only in preserving physical health, but also in mental health care, sex health care and weight reduction.

PASSAGE THREE

英译汉：

1．The concept of information superhighway has been around for more than a decade, but until 1993 it was merely a technological speculation.

信息高速公路的概念10 年前就被提出过，可是在1993 年前，信息高速公路还只是停留在研究其技术上的可行性这一阶段。

2．Today information superhighway has become an everyday topic and is making its entry into our lives.

今天信息高速公路已经成为了一个日常话题并正逐渐走入我们的生活。3．Information superhighway is an unprecedented nationwide, or worldwide, electronic communications network that connects everyone to everyone else, and provides just about any sort of electronic communication imaginable.

信息高速公路是一个空前的全国范围的，或者说世界范围的，电子通讯网络，它将人和人之间联系起来，并提供几乎任何一种您所能想象到的电子通讯手段。

4．Hook up your computer to the Internet and you are on your information superhighway.

只需将你的电脑连接到国际互联网，你就会在信息高速公路上驰骋。5．The purpose of information superhighway is to provide remote electronic banking, schooling, shopping, taxpaying, game playing, video conferencing, movie ordering, medical diagnosing, etc.

信息高速公路旨在提供远程电子服务，如远程电子存款、远程电子教育、远程电子购物、远程电子纳税、远程电子游戏、远程电子可是会议、远程电子租片、远程电子疗诊等等。

6．Information superhighway can make many things you wan to do easier and more convenient.

信息高速公路能使您所要做的许多事情变得轻松简便。

7．For example, instead of calling your friends one by one to tell them the party

is canceled, you’ll simply send a single e-mail message to everyone at once.

譬如说，您打算取消聚会，您可不必一一打电话通知每个朋友，您只需在电脑上同时给他们发一个电子信函即可。

8．And if you live in a rural area far from a major hospital, telemedicine may

allow a specialist in London to diagnose you without you having to travel farther than to your local internist’s clinic.

如果您住在远离大医院的乡村地区，电子诊疗可以让伦敦的专家来诊断您的病情，以免除您远道上大医院的辛劳，之后您只需要去当地医院就诊即可。9．Information superhighway may also pull together newspaper and magazine articles from around the world on a particular topic of your own interest.

信息高速公路也可以就您所感兴趣的一个论题，在全世界范围内为您收集这类报刊文章。

10．If you like to shop with someone who lives in another city, you may call him or her and then do home shopping together for an hour or two.

如果你想和住在另一城市的某个人一起购物，你可以打电话给他或她然后一起进行1 到2 小时的不出门购物。

11．Whether you like it or not, information superhighway will change the way we live.

无论您的意愿如何，信息高速公路将会改变我们的生活方式。

TEXT FOR PRACTICE

PASSAGE ONE

英译汉：

1．My topic today is meteor - psychology.

我今天的题目是“气象心理学”。

2．Meteor –psychologists are concerned with how the weather affects the behavior of people.

气象心理学家所研究的是天气对人类行为的影响作用。

3．One area of their concern is iron balance.

其中包括离子数量平衡。

4．Ions are electric charges that exist in the atmosphere, in the air that we breathe. 离子是存在于大气层中的电荷，它们存在于我们所呼吸的空气中。

5．Ions are either positive or negative.

离子分正负两种。

6．In one cubic centimeter of air there are about 2,000 ions.

一立方厘米的空气中约有2000 个离子。

7．In the air there are more positive ions than negative ones, the radio being about 4 negative ions to 5 positive ions.

空气中正离子的数量多于负离子的数量，它们的比率约为4 个负离子对5 个正离子。

8．That means that about 56% of the ions in the air are positive, and that about 44% are negative ions.

空气中正离子约占56%,负离子约占44%。

9．Meteor –psychologists are particularly concerned about two things related to ions.

气象心理学家特别关心两种与离子有关的情况。

10．One thing is the balance or ratio between positive and negative ions.

一种情况是正负离子平衡问题，或比率问题。

11．When the total number of negative ions decreases, or when the 4 to 5 ratio

changes, people’s behavior may also change.

当负离子的总数下降时，或当四比五的比率发生变化时，人们的行为可能也会随之发生变化。

12．Meteor –psychologists have found that when there are too many positive ions in the air, some people tend to become more nervous, more upset, more impatient.

气象心理学家发现，当空气中有过量的正离子时，有些人会变得更为紧张不安，更为心烦意乱，更加急不可耐。

13．When there is a high percentage of positive ions in the air, accidents and crimes are more likely to happen.

空气中高比率的正离子更容易引发交通事故和犯罪行为。

14．The second area of concern is the total number of ions in the air.

气象心理学家所关心的另一种情况是空气中粒子的总数。

15．In certain areas with heavy air pollution, the total number of ions is reduced. 在一些空气受到严重污染的地区，离子的总数减少了。

16．This reduction in the number of ions tends to make some people feel more depressed.

离子数量的减少容易使某些人的情绪更为忧郁。

17．When there are fewer ions in the air, more people tend to have health problems.

空气中离子数量低于正常标准时，更多的人容易出现健康问题，这时，会有更多的人去看病。

18．More people visit doctors during those times.

这时，更多人会去看病。

19．Meteor –psychologists are beginning to understand the connection between ions and health.

气象心理学家的注意力主要集中在离子与健康的关系上。

20．By studying the effects of ion balance and ion numbers, they hope to find ways to prevent certain health and behavior problem.

他们希望通过研究离子平衡和离子总数对健康所产生的作用，找到预防出现某些疾病和不良行为的方法。

PASSAGE TWO

汉译英：

1．信息高速公路是指集光纤电缆高速电路、金属电缆中低速电路和无线电传播于一体的大规模信息网络。

Information superhighway refers to a large-scale information network which combines high-speed channels of optical fiber cables, intermediate and low-speed channels of metal cables, and wireless transmission.

2．这个信息网络能够传送任何形式的记录资料，如文字、声音、图像、数码等等。

The network is capable of transmitting just about any form of recorded data –written information, sound, images, or digital flow, etc.

3．人们可以在自己家里或办公室里的终端机上，获取包括娱乐、购物、卫生、金融、教育以及科研等内容的信息。

The information can be obtained from computer terminals at home or in the office, and it can include facts about entertainment, shopping, medical care, finance, education, and scientific research.

4．新的信息系统将极大地改变人们的生活方式。

The new information system will greatly change the life-style of people.

5．发达国家有一个雄心勃勃的发展信息高速公路的计划，所需投资高达天文数字。

Developed countries have an ambitious plan for expanding such an information superhighway, a plan that will involve an astronomically high investment.

6．只要电信或其他通信形式发展到一定程度，开发信息高速公路便会成为一种必然的趋势。

Such an undertaking will be an inevitable trend once telecommunication and other forms of communication have progressed to a certain advanced level.

7．中国中部大城市和沿海发达地区迫切希望获取信息，不论是哪一种形式的信息，它们都感兴趣。

In China, large central cities and developed areas on the coast are very keen to obtain information, no matter what form it takes.

8．人们要求政府尽快把建立信息市场提到议事日程上来。

The Chinese government is being urged to put as soon as possible the topic of establishing information markets on its agenda.

9．中国政府愿意有条不紊地推进这项工作。

The government is willing to do so by proceeding in an orderly manner.

10．某个研究高速信息网络的小组提出了分两步走的发展战略。

A research group on high-speed information networks has proposed a development strategy to be taken in two stages.

11．从现在起到2000 年为第一步，在此期间将建立一条信息高速公路主干道，服务对象主要为经济发达地区，同时也为进一步扩展网络打下基础。The first step, between now and the year 2000, is to set up an initial trunk line of the information superhighway that will serve mainly the economically developed areas and lay a foundation for the further expansion of the network.

12．从2000 年到2020 年为第二步，到那时，将建立一张遍布全国各地的国家高速信息网络，把不发达地区一起带入信息网络，向各地提供诸如国家经济或社会问题之类的信息。

The second step, from 2000 to 2020, will set up a national hith-speed information network across the entire country, bringing the less developed areas into the system and giving access to information on such matters as the national economy and social issues.

13．中国武综合性的通信体系其实是一件好事，因为中国一起步便可建立一个最先进的通信体系。

China’s lack of a comprehensive communication system is actually a plus, because the country can start off with the most advanced system right from the beginning.

14．没有哪一个西方国家有过这种机会。

No other Western country has had this opportunity so far.

15．有人预测，中国可以大大加快其发展步伐，从一个工农业社会一跃而成为一个信息社会。

Some people predict that China can greatly accelerate its pace, going from an agricultural and industrial society to an information society with one fast step. 16．几百年前中国的瓷漆被西方世界称之为”china”。

Many centuries ago China’s porcelain came to be known in the Western world as “china”.

17．今天，“中国高速信息网络法”的英译文是“China’s High-speed Information Network Approach”，如果我们将其中每个单词的第一个字母相连，可得到“CHINA”一词。

Today, the English version of “China’s High-speed Information Network Approach” is also abbreviated to form the acronym “CHINA”.

18．这是一个好迹象，它可能预示着中国在世界信息革命中将取得成功。This is a good sign, a possible prediction of China’s success in the world’s information revolution.

UNIT TEN CA TERING CULTURE

TEXT

PASSAGE ONE

汉译英：

1．中国悠久的历史、广褒的国土、与世界各国和海外文化的广泛接触，孕育了中餐烹饪的独特艺术。

China’s long history, vast territory and extensive contact with other nations and cultures have given birth to the distinctive Chinese culinary art.

2．无容置疑，中餐烹饪已经名列世界顶尖菜系之林。

Indisputably it is one of the world’s finest culinary traditions.

3．中餐烹调所用的天然配料，品种繁多，几无穷尽；烹调方法，亦层出不穷，不可悉数。足以说明了中餐馆以及中餐烹调之所以名扬海外的缘由。The nearly endless variety of natural ingredients and methods of preparation employed in Chinese cuisine stand out unequaled in the world, which may very well account for the universal popularity of Chinese restaurants and Chinese cooking oversea.

4．评判中餐烹调的优劣可依据中餐的三大要素，即“色、香、味”。

The three essential factors, or key elements, by which Chinese cooking is judged are known as “color, aroma and taste”.

5．“色”作为“色、香、味”三要素中的首要标准，充分体现在宴会菜肴的装盘、摆放和图案上。最能显示色彩的是首先上桌的那道煞费苦心而精心制作的冷盘。

The “color” of Chinese food, the first of these elements which is so evident in a Chinese banquet, includes the layout and design of dishes, best exemplified in particular by the large elaborately-prepared cold dish served at the beginning of the dinner.

6．“香”不仅是指鼻子对食物的直接感受，它还包括所选香料的新鲜程度以及佐料的合理调配。

“Aroma ”implies more than what one’s nose can detect directly; it also includes

the freshness of the raw materials used and the blending of seasonings. 7．“味”则体现了恰到好处的调味艺术，当然它也包括实物的质地，以及切菜的刀工。

“Taste”is the art of proper seasoning, though it also involves the texture of food and fine slicing techniques.

8．色、香、味这三要素的高品质，只有通过选料、调料、适时烹调、把握火候、装盘上桌这些微妙步骤的细心协调，才能取得。

These three essential elements, “color”, “aroma”, “taste”, are achieved by the careful coordination of a series of delicate activities: selecting ingredients, mixing flavor, timing the cooking, controlling the heat and finally, laying out the food on the plate for the table.

9．10 人一桌的标准晚餐含四道冷盘、四道热炒，外加汤和米饭。外国宾客见之，常常惊叹不已，将其视为一次丰盛的晚宴。

Visitors to China are often surprised when a typical dinner for a table of ten people consists of four courses of cold dishes, four courses of hot dishes, coupled with soup and steamed rice; they consider this a lavish spread.

10．但在中国人眼里，以这种规格的晚餐招待宾客，只是一种起码的标准。But in Chinese mind, a dinner prepared as above for guests is the minimum requirement.

12．准备10道份量适中的菜肴并不为过，即使献上16道菜，亦不足为奇。Ten courses of dishes, not necessarily prepared in huge quantities, would not be considered excessive, and few people would blink at sixteen.

13．在中国，一桌标准宴席包括四至八个事先制作好的冷盘，八道现做的热炒、两道观赏性大菜（如全鱼、乳猪、全鸡等），此外还有汤、米饭和点心。

In china, a standard banquet will consist of four to eight prepared cold dishes, eight hot dishes served one at a time, two to four whole-size showpiece dishes (such as a whole fish, a whole suckling pig or a whole chicken), in addition to soups, steamed rice and pastries.

14．晚宴结束前还有一道水果，来华访问的海外宾客应记住，赴宴不可贪吃，每道菜浅尝即止。

Overseas visitors should remember that it is often unnecessary to eat more than a single mouthful of a dish at a Chinese banquet.

15．从这个角度上来讲，中国宴席犹如西方国家的冷餐招待会。

In this way, a Chinese banquet takes on the character of a buffet reception in the West.

16．中国宴席餐桌上的酒通常为啤酒、黄酒喝烈性白酒三种。

Often beer, yellow rice wine and strong white liquor are served at a Chinese banquet.

17．人们往往以“干杯”的方式互相敬酒。

People at a stable will usually “Gan Bei” when toasting each other.

18．干杯的意思是一口喝干杯中酒。

“Gan Bei” means to raise up one’s wine glass or liquor cup and drink it all the way down so that the glass or cup is “dried up to the last drop”.

19．“干”了“杯”中的酒，可以表示心诚和欢乐。

People dry up their glasses to communicate the message to others that they are sincere and joyful.

20．当然，外国宾客与中国东道主敬酒时，小啜一口也未尝不可。

It is quite acceptable for a foreign guest to take a sip instead of emptying the glass when toasting with his or her Chinese host.

21．但是，中国的普通家餐却完全不同与宴席。

However, an average Chinese meal at home is quite different in composition from a Chinese banquet.

22．一个成年人平时在家就餐时，通常只吃两小碗米饭，或一大碗面条，或几只馒头，外加几个荤素炒菜，而非以菜为主，以米饭或面食为辅。

At an everyday home meal, an adult may consume two small bowls of steamed rice, or a large bowel of noodles, or several pieces of steamed bread, accompanied by several meat or vegetable dishes, but not the other way round.

23．对大多数中国人来说，从一餐饭中所摄取的热量有75%来自谷粮。

For most Chinese, about 75 percent of an average meal’s calories comes from grain sources instead of meat or vegetable dishes.

24．作为一种世代相袭的传统，中国人就餐时围桌而坐，人人手里都有一碗主食，炒菜放在桌子中央，大家一起食用。

Traditionally, everyone at the Chinese dining table has his or her own bowl of staple food, that is, steamed rice, noodles or steamed bread, while the dishes are placed in the middle of the dinner table to be shared by all.

25．这一古老的风俗习惯反映了食物在中华文明史上的重要地位：占据餐桌中心位置的是炒菜，而不是鲜花，晚餐的主要话题常常是食物。

This age-old custom is one manifestation of the importance of food in Chinese civilization: It is the cooked dishes, rather than flowers, that serve as centerpieces on a Chinese table; food is frequently the main topic of dinner-time conversation. 26．菜肴的各种色彩和材料搭配，给人以美的享受，共食一碗菜的习俗有助于家庭成员之间的团结和友谊。

V ariety in the color and texture of the dishes serves aesthetic ends, while the ritual of sharing the food from the same dish plates is conducive to family togetherness and friendship.

27．当然，在一些卫生意识比较强的地方，人们在共食放在餐桌中央的菜肴时，必须使用“公筷”或“公用”汤匙，以防疾病传染。

In more health conscious environments, however, only “public” chopsticks and spoons are used to remove food from the plates in the middle of the dining-table, so as to prevent any possible spread of diseases.

28．以上所介绍的情况对外国客人来说，虽不应是一种离奇的“天方夜谭”，却也说明中国人在饮食方面所持的价值观与西方人有很大的不同。While none of the above observations should not strike a foreign visitor as particularly strange or exotic, they demonstrate that the Chinese approach some aspects of catering service with a set of values very different from those in the West.

29．不过，中国人民与世界各族人民都有一个相同的基本概念，那就是，亲

朋好友相聚，美味佳肴、琼浆玉液相敬，实属人生之最大快乐也。

There is one key concept, however, which the Chinese share with the rest of the world. That is, fine food and drink, taken in the company of good friends, is one of life’s supreme pleasures.

PASSAGE TWO

英译汉：

1．Many changes are taking place in Americans’food styles.

美国人的饮食习惯正在发生诸多的变化。

2．The United States is traditionally famous for its very sold and unchanging diet of meat and potatoes.

美国多年来的那种丰盛的、一成不变的肉制品家土豆的传统餐，早已为世人所知。

3．Now we have many different alternatives to choose from: various ethnic foods, nutrition-balanced health food, and convenient and delicious fast food, in addition to the traditional home-cooked meal.

而今，我们美国人可以有多种不同的选择，除了传统的家常菜以外，我们可以外，我们可享受到各种帮派的民族风味餐，营养合理的保健餐，以及方便可口的快餐。

4．Ethnic restaurants are commonplace in the United States.

民族餐馆在美国比比皆是。

5．Because the United States is a country of immigrants, there is an immense variety in its catering cultures.

因为美国是一个移民国家，以有着丰富多彩、纷然杂陈的饮食文化。6．Any large American city is filled with restaurants serving international cooking.

美国任何一座城市，外国风味餐馆都随处可见。

7．Many cities even have ethic sections: Chinatown, Little Italy, or Germantown. 许多城市甚至拥有少数民族聚集区，如中国城（即唐人街）、小意大利城、德国城等。

8．With this vast ethnic choice, we can enjoy food from all over the world.

有如此之多的民族餐馆可供选择，我们可以吃遍天下菜了。

9．This is a pleasant thought for those who come here to travel or to work; they can usually find their native specialties.

对于那些来美国旅游或工作的人来说，一想到这点便会深感愉快，他们可以在美国找到自己家乡的特色菜。

10．Besides sections of the cities, there are regions which are well known for certain food because of the people who settle there.

除了少数民族聚集区外，还有一些地区也因其在当地定居的外族人开设了民族风味馆而闻名。

11．For example, southern California has many Mexican restaurants, and Louisiana has a strong Creole accent to its food.

比如，南部加利福尼亚拥有墨西哥餐馆，而路易斯安娜的食物具有强烈的克利尔风味。

13．Creole is mixture of French, African, and Caribbean Island food.

克利尔风味是混合了法国、非洲和加勒比海岛菜风味的混合菜系。14．Health food gained popularity when people began to think more seriously about their physical well-being.

保健餐因人们开始重视自身健康受到欢迎。

15．The very term “health food”is ironic because it implies that there is also “unhealthy” food.

“保健餐”这种说法本身就是具有一种讽刺意味，因为其言下之意还有一种“非健康餐”。

16．Health food includes natural food with minimal processing, i.e., there are no preservatives to help it last longer or other chemicals to make it taste or look better. 保健餐包括那些尽可能不予以加工的天然食品，就是说，这些食品里不含盐厂食物保鲜期的防腐剂。

17．Most health food enthusiasts are vegetarians: They eat no meat; they prefer to get their essential proteins from other sources, such as beams, cheese, and eggs.

热衷食用保健餐的大多数都是素食者。他们不吃肉类食物，喜从豆类、

奶酪和鸡蛋等事务中获取人体所需的蛋白质。

18．Fast-food restaurants can be seen all over the country.

快餐店在全国到处可以看到。

19．Speed is a very important factor in the life of an American.

美国人的生活中，速度是最重要的部分。

20．People usually have a short lunch break or they just do not want to waste their time eating.

通常人们的午餐休息时间很短，即使午餐时间充裕，美国人也不愿在用餐上花费过多的时间。

21．Because fast-food restaurants are places which take care of hundreds of people in a short time, there is usually very little waiting.

由于快餐饮食店可以在很短时间里向数以百计的客人共餐，所以人们通常无需排队。

22．And the food is always cheap.

快餐食品的价格总是低廉的。

23．Some examples are burger, pizza and fried chicken places.

烹制汉堡包、批萨馅饼和炸鸡的餐馆均属这一类快餐饮食店。24．Americans’attitude toward food is changing, too.

美国人对饮食的看法也在发生变化。

25．The traditional big breakfast is losing popularity.

早餐须风盛的传统饮食习惯已为越来越多的人所抛弃。

26．People are rediscovering the social importance of food.

人们正在重新认识饮食的社会意义。

27．Dinner with family or friends is again becoming a very special way of enjoying and sharing.

与家人或朋友共同进餐又成了即可享受人生乐趣，又可互相交流信息的一种非常特殊的方式。

28．Like so many people in other cultures, many Americans are taking time to relax and enjoy the finer tastes at dinner, even if they still rush through lunch at a

hamburger stand.

虽然许多美国人仍然会站在汉堡包摊前匆匆打发自己的午餐，但是在晚餐时，美国人同其他国家的许多人一样，会静下心来从容不迫地品尝菜肴美味。

TEXT FOR PRACTICE

PASSAGE ONE

汉译英：

1．如果某人说“我喜欢中国菜”，这种说法似乎过于简单了。

If you hear someone say “I like Chinese food”, he is taking too much for granted. 2．其实并不存在所谓的“中国菜”这一简单的概念。

As a matter of fact, there is no such simple thing as the so-called “Chinese food”. 3．确切的说法应该是喜欢某一种菜系，或者喜欢某一地区的中国菜。

A more accurate statement in this instance should be such that expresses one’s preference for a particular Chinese cuisine or a particular regional way of cooking. 4．像中国这样幅员辽阔、历史悠久而又复杂的国家，千百年来必然会形成具有鲜明地方烹饪特色的区域性菜系或帮菜。

With a territory as large and a history as long and complex as China’s, it is inevitable that distinct regional differences in cuisine have evolved over the course of centuries.

5．这种不可避免的差异是由地理位置、气候条件、交通状况、人口迁移、海外文化影响等因素所决定的。

Numerous factors are involved in this inevitable distinction: geography, climate, transportation, migration, influence from overseas cultures, etc.

6．虽然中国究竟有多少种地方菜系并无定论，但是有关人士认为，中国有山东菜、四川菜、粤（广东）菜和扬州菜等四大地方菜系。福建-台湾菜通常被列为第五种地方菜系。

Although there is no agreement on the precise number of Chinese regional cuisine, those concerned with such matters agree that the four principal culinary regions are Shandong, Sichuan, Canton(Guangdong) and Y angzhou, with Fujian-Taiwan most commonly listed as a fifth.

7．必须指出，这种区域划分并无严格的地理界线。

It should be pointed out that these designations are not hard and fast geographical boundaries.

8．北京菜虽属山东菜系，却也融入了一些四川菜的特色，并受到蒙古菜的影响。

Beijing food, for instance, falls within the realm of Shandong cooking, but includes some Sichuan dishes and Mongolian-influenced specialties.

9．又如，扬州菜系的范围，覆盖了汇集无锡、苏州、上海和杭州等菜式、人口居住稠密的整个长江三角洲地区。

while the cuisine of the entire densely populated Y angtze River delta area, including Wuxi, Suzhou, Shanghai and Hangzhou dishes, falls under the category of Y angzhou cuisine.

10．由于地方菜系之间存在着频频交覆现象，以及相互借鉴的情况，人们因而认为，区分地方菜系最为简便的方法是按菜的知名度，而不是按菜的烹调

风格或口味进行辨别。

The frequent overlapping and borrowing that take place among the regional

cuisine leads one to the conclusion that they are most conveniently distinguished

by their famous dishes, rather than by any prevailing style or taste.

11．中国四大菜系大致可按一下这些特点区分：

The four major cuisine traditions in China can be roughly distinguished by these generalities:

12．山东菜系通常较咸，汁色普遍较浅。

Shandong cuisine is generally salty, with the prevalence of light-colored sauces. 13．四川菜系口味重，以麻辣著称。

With a rich variety of strong flavors, Sichuan cuisine is best known for being

spicy-hot.

14．最难归类的粤菜强调轻炒浅煮，选料似乎不受限制。

Canton cuisine, the hardest to categorize, emphasizes light cooking and seemingly limitless range of ingredients.

15．扬州菜系注重选料的原味，它实际上揉合了南北菜系之精华。

While emphasizing the original flavors of carefully selected ingredients,

Y angzhou cuisine is essentially a combination of the best elements of northern

and southern cooking.

16．也有人以八个字来归纳四大菜系的口味特点，即“南淡北咸，东甜西辣”。

According to some others, the characteristic flavors of China’s four major cuisines can be summed up in the following expression:” The light southern (Canton) cuisine, and the salty northern (Shandong) cuisine; the sweet eastern (Y angzhou) cuisine, and the spicy western (Sichuan) cuisine.”

PASSAGE TWO

英译汉：

1．Y ou will find restaurants for every situation in the U.S..

在美国你可以找到任何一种餐馆。

2．If you’re in a hurry, you may just want to grab some “junk food”at a grocery store, or you can get a bite to eat at one of the many fast food chains, like McDonald’s, Burger King, Kentucky Fried Chicken, Pizza Hut, or Taco Bell.

你若来去匆匆，可以去食品店随手买些“方便食品”，也可以从麦当劳、汉

堡王、肯德基炸鸡店、“必胜客”比萨馅饼屋，或玉米卷钟这些快餐连锁店

中跳上一家，买些食物权宜充饥。

3．Or you can get a hero or submarine sandwich “to stay”or “to go”from a sandwich shop or deli.

你可以上三明治店或者熟食店买一块“英雄”型或者“潜水艇”型大三明

治，你可以“堂吃”，也可以“外卖”。

4．Some of these places have tables, but many don’t.

这类快餐店有的甚至连餐桌都没有。

5．People eat in their cars or take their food home, to their offices or to parks.

人们买了一份快餐后，有的拿到自己的车里去吃，有的拿回自己的家里去

吃，也有的拿到办公室或公园里去吃。

6．If you prefer sitting down but still don’t want to spend much, you can try a cafeteria.

如果您既想坐在餐桌边上吃，同时又不愿多破费，那么你不妨可以去自助餐

厅。

7．At all of these places, you pick and choose your own food and then pay at a

cash register.

在那里，你可以先挑选自己喜欢的食物，然后到帐台付钱。

8．But you usually have to clear the table when you finish!

不过通常用完餐后，你得把自己餐盘从餐桌上端走。

9．Coffee shops are usually less expensive and less dressy than fine restaurants.

咖啡馆通常比高级餐馆便宜，装潢也没有高级餐馆那么讲究。

10．So are pizza places, pancake house, sandwich shops and family restaurants.

比萨馅饼店、薄煎饼店、三明治店和家庭餐馆等，都属于价格较为便宜、装

潢较为朴素的餐饮场所。

11．But the name of a restaurant won’t necessarily tell you much about the kind

of place it is or the food it serves.

当然一家餐馆的名称不一定能告诉你这家餐馆的情况，也说明不了那里食物

的品质。

12．Like most fast food restaurants and cafeterias, many restaurants don’t serve alcoholic beverages.

同大多数快餐饮食店和自助餐厅一样，许多餐馆不供应酒。

13．This is often because they want people to feel comfortable bringing their children.

这样做常常是为了使带孩子上餐馆的客人可以无所顾忌。

14．Minors can eat at restaurants that serve beer and wine, but they are not

allowed to enter pubs, taverns, cocktail lounges or bars.

未成年人可以进供应啤酒和果子酒的餐馆就餐，但是他们不可以进小酒店、

酒菜馆、鸡尾酒室或酒吧这些场所。

15．你可能会被要求出示某张可以证明自己年龄的身份证，然后方可进入这

些场所。

Y ou may be asked to show some ID that proves your age before you go into a bar. 16．在美国，法律规定21 岁以下者不得饮酒。

In the United States, the law forbids people under the age of 21 from drinking alcoholic beverages.

UNIT ELEVEN CHINA AND ITS REFORM

TEXT

PASSAGE ONE

汉译英：1．中国人民按照“抓住机遇，深化改革，扩大开放，促进发展，保持稳定”的方针，团结奋斗，开拓进取，社会主义现代化事业取得了重大成就。Guided by the principle of “seizing the current opportunity to deepen the reform

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pioneering spirit, achieving great success in the drive for socialist modernization. 2．经济体制改革迈出了决定性步伐，国民经济继续快速增长，人民生活进

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