考研英语阅读unit-9

Unit 9

Old sin makes new shame.

P art A

Directions：Read the following texts. Answer the questions blow each text by choosing [A],[B],[C] or [D].

Text 1

Deanne Julius, a former member of the Bank of England’s monetary policy committee, argued in a recent speech that there is a risk of a significant deflationary period in the main economies between now and 2005. But many of today’s central bankers, brought up to believe that their job is to fight inflation, seem to be underplaying the risk.

Deflation is much more harmful than inflation. Falling prices encourage consumers to postpone spending in the expectation of cheaper goods tomorrow; they also make it impossible to deliver negative real interest rates if these are needed to drag an economy out of recession. Most dangerous of all is a cocktail of deflation and debt. Deflation pushes up the real burden of debt, while the value of assets linked to that debt, such as house prices, may have to fall even more sharply in nominal terms to return to a fair level. This has already caused severe balance-sheet problems in Japan, and now America and Germany may be at risk: In both countries debts have surged to record levels.

Central bankers in America and Europe — but not in Japan — still have room to cut interest rates. However, the European Central Bank (ECB) held interest rates unchanged at 3.25% on September 12th. So long as inflation remains above the ECB’s target of “less than 2%”, the bank will be in no rush to ease policy. The Fed is also widely expected to keep rates steady at its policy meeting on September 24th. Why wait, when the risks are so lop-sided? Once deflation sets in, monetary policy can do little to revive an economy. If economies perk up and a rate cut turns out to have been unnecessary, it can be reversed: With ample excess capacity, the risk of inflation taking off is low.

Many central bankers do not seem to grasp that this economic cycle is different from its predecessors. The recession was caused not, as before, by inflation taking off, but by the bursting of an asset-price bubble. American economists blame Japan’s deflation on the incompetence of its policymakers. There is some truth in this, but the awkward fact is that post-bubble economies tend to be deflation-prone.

Even with interest rates at zero, Japan might have escaped deflation two years ago, when the American economy was strong, by devaluing the yen. But the world economy cannot pull off that trick. That is why central banks in America and Europe need to heed the danger now. “Deflation

is like quicksand,” says Dylan Grice, “easy to get stuck in, more difficult to escape.”

1. It can be inferred that many of today’s central bankers

[A] don’t know how to fight deflation.

[B] don’t regard fighting deflation as their job.

[C] don’t pay enough attention to the danger of deflation.

[D] don’t think there exists a risk of deflation.

2. According to the text, during deflation falling prices might lead to

[A] consumers’ frantic purchasing.

[B] consumers’ suspending their purchasing plan.

[C] an excess of demand over supply.

[D] the delivery of negative real interest rates.

3.The balance-sheet problems in Japan is mentioned to illustrate the danger of

[A] a cocktail of deflation and debt.

[B] zero interest rates.

[C] economic recession.

[D] wrong monetary policies.

It seems that American and European central bankers don’t know

[A] they still have room to cut interest rates.

[B] the recession this time was caused by the bursting of an asset-price bubble.

[C] Japan’s deflation was not due to the incompetence of its policymakers.

[D] the world economy might escape deflation with zero interest rates

’s attitude towards deflation is

[A] frightened. [B] worried.

[C] unconcerned. [D] confused.

Text 2

Engineers and scientists working on NASA’s Mars Exploration Rover project are in the final stages of readying the twin robots for launch and picking safe and scientifically rewarding landing sites on the Red Planet. During the past two years, Mars scientists have mulled over some 185 landing sites. They have debated the merits of each, and continue to wrestle with a matrix of maddening worries — from high winds, dust and swings of daylight temperatures to dangerous rocks that might cripple chances for successfully landing and operating the robots.

Four landing locales have been culled from a huge list of promising sites. Each has its merits as well as drawbacks. “First and foremost, of course, is the fact that if you don’t land safely you don’t get any science back. This is in fact the first time that site selection has used science to triage landing sites on Mars,”said John Grant, co-chair of the Landing Site Steering Committee.

Those landing locations are on the table because they address the science objectives of the rover missions: Determine if water was present on Mars and whether there are conditions favorable to the preservation of evidence for ancient life. Each wheeled rover carries the Athena package of science gear. That array of equipment has undergone rigorous calibration and testing. Matching Athena’s performance to the right site to maximize scientific output and achieve testing of scientific hypotheses is crucial.

Each rover will have a primary mission lasting at least three months on the Martian surface.

Manning served similar duty for the Mars Pathfinder/Sojournerrover mission that touched down on the Red Planet in July 1997. The project was less than three years from start to launch. Manning said, “We had to do so much over again. So many parts of the system we had to go back and re-engineer for this larger mass vehicle. For instance, the huge gaggle of airbags that cocoons each rover during hard landing has been dropped —tested some 50 times. Early tests proved worrisome — so much so that significant beefing up of the airbags was necessary. Similarly, there were a number of ill-fated tests of the MER parachute system. That too demanded considerable extra work to iron out a mission trouble spot.”

For Jim Garvin, NASA led scientists for Mars exploration，MER is the first real taste of the surface. The twin rovers armed with the Athena science payload will calibrate the whole community on what Mars is truly like. He said, “I like to call rocks ‘Mother Nature’s artifacts’.

I think what MER will give us is far less confusion about two very different types of sites.”

6. What does “wrestle with a matrix of maddening worries” (Line 7, Paragraph 1) mean?

[A]To fight for the threat of some tricky problems.

[B] To evaluate the advantages of each landing site.

[C] To find the solutions of many complex problems.

[D] To deal with how to operate robots successfully.

7. What is the most important thing for scientists to do in exploration of the Mars?

[A] To decide if conditions are favorable for ancient life.

[B] To find the most appropriate landing sites.

[C] To achieve testing of scientific hypotheses.

[D] To calibrate and test the equipment.

8.The safe and scientifically rewarding landing sites on the Mars are

[A] places where the robots can land and determine if there is water on Mars.

[B] locations where scientists can get something unknown about Mars.

[C] sites that do no harm to astronomers and can provide scientific information.

[D] l ocales where the twin robots can land safely and get scientific information.

9.Manning’s statement implies that

[A] many parts of the system had to be re-engineered.

[B] NASA attaches great importance to the MER project.

[C] scientists are not sure about the MER project.

[D] the MER parachute system had to be tested.

10.What is this passage mainly about?

[A] Scientists are heating up the exploration of Mars.

[B] Scientists are trying to find landing sites on the Red Planet.

[C] Scientists are getting scientific information from Mars.

[D] Scientists are knowing little about the four spots on Mars.

Text 3

Before the summer of 2000, the 54-year-old John Haughom could accomplish just about anything at work. “I could move mountains if I put my mind to it.” he says in those days. But that summer Haughom found he couldn’t move them anymore. On the phone with his wife one morning, Haughom broke down. A couple of days later, Haughom checked himself in for a

three-week stay at the Professional Renewal Center, an in-patient clinic 30 miles outside Kansas City that helps him deal with stress.

Haughom is far from alone. A host of new studies and plenty of anecdotal evidence show that stress in the workplace is skyrocketing. Whatever the cause, stress levels are at record highs. The statistics are startling. According to a new study by the Federal Government’s National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, more than half the working people in the U.S. view job stress as a major problem in their lives. This year the European Community officially dubbed stress the second-biggest occupational-health problem facing the continent.

Ten years ago experts warned that stress was out of control, in part because of a shaky economy. What’s notable about today’s wave of stressed-out workers is that it rises all the way to the top. Lack of control is generally considered one of the biggest job stressors, so it used to be thought that middle managers carried the brunt: Sandwiched between the top and the bottom, they end up with little authority. Powerful chief executives officers (CEOs) were seen as the least threatened by stress. But in today’s tough economy, top executives don’t have as much control as they used to. “Stress is just part of the job, fortunately or unfortunately, stress is part of our character building,” Lebenthal says. “But I think I don’t need any more character building. What I need is a vacation.”

But if you think that going on vacation is hard —and studies show that 85% of corporate executives don’t use all the time off they’re entitled to —seeking treatment for stress is even harder. Being able to handle stress is perhaps the most basic of job expectations. So among the corporate elite, succumbing to it is considered a shameful weakness. Stress has become the last affliction that people won’t dare admit to. Most senior executives who are undergoing treatment for stress —and even many who aren’t —refused to talk on the record about the topic. “Nothing good can come out of having your name in a story like this.” one CEO said through his therapist.

11. What does the sentence “Haughom is far from alone” (line1,Para. 2) mean?

[A] Haughom does not feel lonely though he lives by himself.

[B] There are many other people who are afflicted by stress.

[C] Haughom lives far from the workplace where he works by himself.

[D] Haughom does not feel lonely even if he stays at the Center by himself.

12. What is the European Community’s attitude toward stress?

[A] Stress is a disease that people should try to handle.

[B] Stress has great influence on working people’s lives.

[C] Stress is one of the most serious occupational problems.

[D] Stress is a major problem all the people face.

13. Why are middle managers regarded as most threatened by stress?

[A] Because they don’t have as much control as they used to.

[B] Because they are not able to handle stress.

[C] Because they have little power over the situation in the company.

[D] Because they need more character building.

14. The CEO’s statement in the last sentence of this passage implies that

[A] stress has become such a taboo that people won’t dare admit.

[B] CEOs don’t like their names appearing in story books.

[C] CEOs are afraid of being recorded.

[D] not admitting this weakness will produce something good.

15.What is this text mainly about?

[A] Increasingly serious lack of vacation in people’s work.

[B] The second biggest disease in the world.

[C] The most serious problem people have to face.

[D] Serious pressure faced by working people.

Text 4

With its common interest in law-breaking but its immense range of subject matter and widely-varying methods of treatment, the crime novel could make a legitimate claim to be regarded as a separate branch of literature, or, at least, as a distinct, even though a slightly disreputable, of shoot of the traditional novel.

The detective story is probably the most respectable at any rate in the narrow sense of the word of the crime species. Its creation is often the relaxation of University dons, literary economists, scientists or even poets. Fatalities may occur more frequently and mysteriously than might be expected in polite society, but the world in which they happen, the village, seaside resort, college or studio, is familiar to us, if not from our own experience, at least in the newspaper or the lives of friends. The characters, though normally realized superficially, are as recognizably human and consistent as our less intimate associates. A story set in a more remote environment, African jungle, or Australian bush, ancient China or gas-lit London, appeals to our interest in geography or history, and most detective storywriters are conscientious in providing a reasonably authentic background.The elaborate, carefully assembled plot, despised by the modern intellectual critics and creators of significant novels, has found refuge in the murder mystery, with its sprinkling of clues, its spicing with apparent impossibilities, all with appropriate solutions and explanations at the end. With the guilt of escapism from Real Life nagging gently, we secretly revel in the unmasking of evil by a vaguely super-human detective, who sees through and dispels the cloud of suspicion which has hovered so unjustly over the innocent.

Though its villain also receives his rightful deserts, the thriller presents a less comfortable and credible world. The sequence of fist fights, revolver duels, car crashes and escapes from gas-filled cellars exhausts the reader far more than the hero, who, suffering from at least two broken ribs, one black eye, uncountable bruises and a hangover, can still chase and overpower an armed villain with the physique of a wrestler. He moves dangerously through a world of ruthless gangs, brutality, a vicious lust for power and money and, in contrast to the detective tale, with a near-omniscient arch-criminal whose defeat seems almost accidental.Perhaps we miss in the thriller the security of being safely led by our imperturbable investigator past a score of red herrings and blind avenues to final gathering of suspects when an unchallengeable elucidation of all that has bewildered us is given and justice and goodness prevail. All that we vainly hope for from life is granted in these stories.

16.The crime novel may be regarded as

[A] a respectable form of the traditional novel.

[B] not a true form of novel at all.

[C] related in some ways to the historical novel.

[D] an independent development of the novel.

17.Intellectuals write detective stories because

[A] the stories are often in fact very instructive.

[B] they enjoy writing these stories in their spare time.

[C] these stories demands considerable intelligence.

[D] the stories are an accepted branch of literature.

18.What feature of the detective story is despised by intellectual critics?

[A] The many seeming impossible events.

[B] The unmasking of the evil and the recognition of the good.

[C] The existence of a neat closely-knit story.

[D] The lack of interest in genuine character revelations.

19.The most incredible characteristic of the hero in a thriller is

[A] his exciting life.

[B] his amazing toughness.

[C] his escape from danger.

[D] his ability to defeat his enemies.

20.The detective story and the thriller are unlike in

[A] providing a sense of security.

[B] providing excitement and suspense.

[C] appealing to the intellectual curiosity of reader.

[D] ensuring that everything comes right in the end.

Part B 社会生活646 易Directions:You are going to read a text, followed by a list of examples or explanations. Choose the best item from the list [A]-[F] for each numbered subheading (1-5). There is one extra item which you do not need to use.

In the last few decades, it has become accepted wisdom that diet plays a key role in health. Furthermore, it is generally understood that some foods, in particular fats, sugars, and salt, are bad if eaten in excess. This has in tur n created a vast “health food” market, both through specialty shops and on particular lines in almost all retailers. Now, some of the theories behind healthy eating are coming under attack.

21. Links between diet and health were identified by a few pioneer nutritionists in the first half of the 20th century.

22. Studies of people with a very different diet from that of Western society gave hints to the links to some degree.

The theory of “diseases of Western civilization” was developed. This suggested tha t some factor or factors in our way of life made us particularly susceptible to a range of serious health problems that were virtually unknown in the past.

23. Yet it calls efforts to verify the links.

Links between food and health are even more difficult to pin down. Harmful factors known or suspected include many additives, including colorings and preservatives, agrochemical residues, microbial contaminants, natural toxins in food, and the types of food itself.

24. Concerns on the relations between food and health are undergoing.

Cholesterol is a fatty substance that is important to the functioning of the body and is made in the liver. It is also provided in the diet by diary products and meat. However, high levels in the blood are thought to contribute to hardening of the arteries, leading to heart attacks. People who are overweight often, but by no means always, have higher levels of cholesterol than thin people. Saturated fatty acids are particularly high in cholesterol. Since heart disease is one of the major killers in Western society, reduction of cholesterol has become a preoccupation of many people. To date, advice about this has concentrated on reducing consumption of fatty meat and dairy products, with substitution of more vegetables, margarine made with polyunsaturated fats, and so on.

25. However，the studies are still of doubtful accuracy.

Some of the alternatives to a high-cholesterol diet are turning out to have problems of their own. For example, partially hydrogenated vegetable oils made from soybeans and maize are now thought to be possibly linked to development of heart disease themselves.

Although we many well see some modification of ideas about diet and health over the next few years, the general principles of increasing fresh food, roughage, and vegetables and reducing rich foods, remain a good basis for a healthy diet.

[A] Over the past few years, the role of different foodstuffs in creating diseases of Western civilization has become the focus of controversy. In particular, links between cholesterol and heart disease have become increasingly well concerned.

[B] Sir Robert McCarthy carried out a series of comparisons on populations in different parts of India and found marked contrasts in average life span, which he ascribed to different diets.

[C] For the last few decades, much medical research had been concentrated on identifying these links. Perhaps even more importantly, their relative importances, and the interactions between various factors, have to be distinguished. This is not as easy as it sounds. Identifying precisely why any particular person becomes ill or dies of heart disease or cancer is impossible.

[D] There are clearly links between West diet and both cancer and heat disease, and a range of established health problems linked with being overweight that are at least partial caused by too many fatty foods and sugars，which are not found in some other co untries’ diet.

[E] The Eskimo people of the far north, some African tribes of people, farmers in the Himalayas, and the Japanese, found that these groups were virtually free of many of the major killer diseases of Europe and North America, including heart disease and cancer.

[F] The research into links between cholesterol levels and heart disease is ambiguous; as is evidence that lowering cholesterol helps prevent heart disease. It now appears that the precise chemical form of cholesterol is important, and perhaps also the way that it reaches the body.

Part C

Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.

26)According to the best evidence gathered by space probes and astronomers, Mars is an inhospitable planet, more similar to Earth’s Moon than to Earth itself — a dry, stark, seemingly lifeless world. Mar’s air pressure is equal to Earth’s at an altitude of 100,000 feet. The air there is 95% carbon dioxide. Mars have no ozone layer to screen out the Sun’s lethal radiation. Daytime temperatures may reach above freezing, but because the planet is blanketed by the mere wisp of an atmosphere, the temperature drops to －50℃(－60℃F) at night. 27) Today there is no liquid

water, although valleys and channels on the surface show evidence of having been carved by running water. The polar ice caps are made of frozen water and carbon dioxide, and water may be frozen in the ground as permafrost

28)Despite these difficult conditions, certain scientists, believe that there is a possibility of transforming Mars into a more Earth’like planet. Nuclear reactors might be used to melt frozen gas es and eventually build up the atmosphere. This in turn could create a “greenhouse effect” that would keep heat from radiating back into space. Liquid water could be thawed to form a polar ocean. 29)Once enough ice has melted, suitable plants could be introduced to build up the level of oxygen in the atmosphere so that, in time, the planet would support animal life from Earth and even permanent human colonies. “This was once thought to be so far in the future as to be irrelevant,” said Christopher McKey, a research scientists at the National Aeronautics and space Administration. “But now it’s starting to look practical. We could begin work in four or five decades.

”The idea of “terra-forming” Mars, as enthusiasts call it, has its roots in science fiction.30)But as researchers develop a more profound understanding of how Earth’s ecology supports life, they have begun to see how it may be possible to create similar conditions on Mars. Don’t plan on homesteading on Mars any time soon, though. The process could take hundreds or even thousands of years to complete, and the cost would be staggering.

做题点拨与全文翻译

Part A

Text 1

语境词汇

1.deflationary a.通货紧缩的

2.underplay v.对…轻描淡写，贬低…的重要性

3.deliver vt.发表（意见、见解），宣布；解救，拯救；给予（打击等)

4. recession n. (经济的)衰退，衰退期

5.cocktail n.混合物；鸡尾酒会；用海鲜或水果做的菜

6.nominal a.名义上的，有名无实的；（费用等）很少，象征性的；名词性的

7.lopsided a.不平衡的

8.perk v.愉快，活跃或振作起来

9.reverse v.彻底改变；颠倒；使倒退，反向

10.heed v.（正式）注意（警告或忠告）

难句突破

1.Falling prices encourage consumers to postpone spending [in the expectation of cheaper goods tomorrow]; they also make it impossible to deliver negative real interest rates [if these are needed to drag an economy out of recession].

【分析】并列句。由分号隔开两个并列分句；第一个分句是简单句，谓语动词+宾语+宾补的结构，in the expectation of …作状语；第二个分句是复合句，主句是they also make it impossible to...，其中it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是to deliver...，if引导的是条件状语从句。【译文】价格下降会促使消费者推迟消费以期明天价格会更低；如果需要逆实际利率使经济走出衰退期，价格下降又使得实施逆实际利率不太可能

2. Deflation pushes up the real burden of debt, [while the value of assets linked to that debt, such as house prices, may have to fall even more sharply in nominal terms to return to a fair level]. 【分析】复合句。主句是Deflation pushes up the real burden of debt；while引导的是比较状语从句，其主干为value may have to fall，后面的to 引导目的状语。

【译文】通货紧缩使实际债务负担增加，而与债务相连的资产价值——如房价——可能不得不更急剧地下降，在名义上恢复到一个公正的水平。

本文是一篇“问题解决型”论述文。文章论述了世界经济大国中的通货紧缩问题及其应对措施。第一段提出问题：从现在到2005年间在世界经济大国中有相当长的一段通货紧缩期的危险；第二、三、四段分析问题：通货紧缩比通货膨胀更有害；并论述了美国、欧洲对此作出的反应；第五段解决问题：美国和欧洲银行应该注意这一危险。

Text 2

语境词汇

1. merit n.长处，优点，价值；功绩，功劳vt.值得，应受

2.maddening a.使人恼怒的

3.wrestle v.努力解决，全力对付；摔跤；搏斗；深思，斟酌

4. cull v.精选

5.triage v.挑选

6.calibration n.校准

7.matrix n.矩阵

8.rover n.漫游者

9.gaggle n.嘎嘎叫

10.cocoon v.把…紧紧包住，把…密封起来

难句突破

1.They have debated the merits of each, and continue to wrestle with a matrix of maddening worries—from high winds, dust and swings of daylight temperatures to dangerous rocks (that might cripple chances for successfully landing and operating the robots)].

【分析】复合句。句子主干为They have debated ... and continue to wrestle with ...；破折号后面用from ...to...的结构列举了一系列的例子补充说明前文中的maddening worries；句子最后that引导定语从句修饰high winds, dust…dangerous rocks。

【译文】他们曾对每个着陆点的优点都进行了考虑，并在继续努力解决令人担忧的一系列问题——从高压风、尘埃、昼夜温度剧变到危险的岩石，这些都会影响成功降落和机器人运行的可能性。

2. (Those landing) locations are on the table [because they address the science objectives of the rover missions:Determine if water was present on Mars and whether there are conditions

favorable to the preservation of evidence for ancient life].

【分析】复合句。句子中包含because引导的原因状语从句，从句中又包含一个并列句，用冒号隔开，冒号后是以determine开头的祈使句，补充说明上文的science objectives，其中if和whether分别引导一个从句，作determine的宾语。

【译文】那些着陆点被反复讨论是因为对着陆点的选择就说明了这次漫步计划的科学目标：确定火星上是否有水，是否存在有利于存留古代生命遗迹的自然条件。

本文是一篇“信息传播型”说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家们为实施火星探测计划所做的准备工作。第一、二段介绍了科学家们在选择飞船着陆点上的慎重；第三、四段介绍了该项计划的首要目的以及为确保成功所做的各种缜密的准备和测验工作；第五段指出火星探测计划的意义。

Text 3

语境词汇

1. anecdotal a. 轶事的

2.skyrocket v.暴涨，急速升高

3.startling a.令人吃惊的

4. dub v.把…称为

5.stressor n.紧张性刺激

6.carry the brunt 首当其冲

7.sandwich vt.夹入，挤进n.三明治，夹肉面包

8.succumb vi.屈服，屈从，死

9.affliction n.苦恼

10.therapist n.治疗

难句突破

1.[A couple of days later] Haughom checked himself in [for a three-week stay at the Professional Renewal Center], {an in-patient clinic 30 miles outside Kansas City (that helps him deal with stress)}.

【分析】复合句。主句是Haughom checked himself in for... at...；逗号后是同位语，解释说明the professional Renewal Center；其中that 引导定语从句，修饰an in-patient clinic。

【译文】几天后，霍夫穆住进了职业康复中心，这是离堪萨斯城30英里的一个住院部，开始了为期三周的治疗来帮他缓解压力。

2. Lack of control is generally considered one of the biggest job stressors, [so it used to be thought that middle managers carried the brunt: Sandwiched between the top and the bottom, they end up with little authority].

【分析】复合句。主句是Lack of control is... stressors；其后so引导结果状语从句，从句中，冒号前后的小分句，语法上是并列关系，语义上，第二个分句补充说明第一个分句；第一个小分句因主语太长，故用形式主语it 代替真正的主语that middle managers carried the brunt；第二个小分句的主句为they end up with ..., Sandwiched...是过去分词短语作原因状语。

【译文】无法控制局面被认为是最常见的一种导致工作压力的原因，因此过去人们常认为中层经理经受着最大的压力：被夹在高层和底层之间，结果是他们几乎没有什么权力。

本文是一篇“现象解释型”论述文。文章通过举例列出了本文的论点：人们的工作压力在急剧上升。接着分析了产生压力的原因以及人们对压力所持的态度。第一二段通过举例及统计数据说明压力已经成为人们生活中的主要问题；第三四段分别分析了压力产生的原因及当前人们对谈论工作压力问题的忌讳。

Text 4

语境词汇

1.shoot n.嫩芽，幼苗，新枝vt.射击

2.legitimate a.合法的；合理的vt.使合法

3.conscientious a.认真的，勤勤恳恳的；小心谨慎的

4.despise vt.鄙视，看不起

5.nag v.不断地唠叨，恼人

6.revel v.陶醉

7.villain n.坏人

8.Physique n.体格，体型

9.vicious a.恶毒的，凶残的；剧烈的，严重的

10.omniscient n.无所不知者，[宗]上帝a.无所不知的

11.imperturbable a.沉着的，冷静的

12.elucidation n.说明，阐明

难句突破

1.[With its common interest in law-breaking but its immense range of subject matter and widely-varying methods of treatment], the crime novel could make a legitimate claim {to be regarded as a separate branch of literature, or, at least, as a distinct, even though a slightly disreputable, of shoot of the traditional novel}.

【分析】简单句。本句的主干结构为：... the crime novel could make a ... claim ...；With its common interest...treatment 是介词短语作状语；or 连接两个as介词短语；even though a

slightly disreputable 是插入语。

【译文】因其对犯罪情节描述的热衷以及题材广泛、描写手法多样等特点，犯罪题材小说得以光明正大地宣称自己已成为文学的一个独立分支，或者说虽然名声有些不大好，但至少是传统小说的一枝独特新芽。

2. The (elaborate, carefully assembled)plot, (despised by the modern intellectual critics and creators of significant novels), has found refuge [in the murder mystery], [with its sprinkling of clues, its spicing with apparent impossibilities, all with appropriate solutions and explanations at the end].

【分析】简单句。本句的主干结构为The ... plot ... has found refuge ...；despised by ...为过去分词作后置定语修饰plot；its sprinkling of clues, its spicing with apparent impossibilities, all with... at the end是介词with引导的并列结构。

【译文】那种精心安排的情节虽然受到现代睿智的评论家和重要的小说创作者的鄙视，它们却在神秘谋杀中找到了庇护的空间，这其中有点点滴滴的线索，用看似不可能的事物来增加趣味，最终得出圆满的解答。

3.[Perhaps] we miss[in the thriller] the security (of being safely led by our imperturbable investigator past a score of red herrings and blind avenues to final gathering of suspects) [when an unchallengeable elucidation of all（that has bewildered us）is given and justice and goodness prevail].

【分析】复合句。主句的主干是：we miss...the security of...，其中of短语作security的定语。when引导状语从句，其中and连接了两个并列分句，第一个分句中又含有that引导的定语从句。

【译文】或许，当困扰我们的一切最终得到阐明，正义与善良发扬光大之时，我们总是怀念惊险小说中由那个沉着的侦探带给我们的安全感，因为他总是能够克服诸多干扰和绝境，最后收集到疑犯的证据。

本文是一篇关于犯罪题材小说的“现象解释型”论述文。第一段现象：犯罪题材小说已经成为文学的一个独立分支，或者至少是传统小说的一枝独特新芽；第二段分析了侦探小说最受推崇的原因；第三段对比分析了惊险小说的内容让人感到不舒服，不可信。

Part B

语境词汇

1.ascribe v.把…归因于

2.susceptible a. (to)易受影响的；(to)过敏的

3.controversy n.争论，辩论

4.cholesterol n.胆固醇

5.saturated a.饱和的；渗透的

6.pin down vt.使明确说明；确定，证实

7.hydrogenate v.使与氢化合，使氢化

8.contaminant n. 污染，污染物

难句突破

1. Sir Robert McCarthy carried out a series of comparisons (on populations) [in different parts of India] and found(marked )contrasts (in average life span), (which he ascribed to different diets).

【分析】复合句。由and连接的动词found与carried out构成句子的并列谓语；which引导非限制性定语从句，指代and found…life span。

【译文】罗伯特·麦卡锡爵士对印度不同地区的人群进行了比较，发现这些人在平均寿命上有显著的差异，他把这归结为不同的饮食。

2. [To date], advice(about this) has concentrated on reducing consumption (of fatty meat and dairy products), [with substitution of more vegetables, margarine (made with polyunsaturated fats), and so on.]

【分析】简单句。句子主干为advice has concentrated on reducing consumption；with…作状语，more vegetables和margarine作介词of的宾语；made…为过去分词短语作定语，修饰margarine。

【译文】迄今为止，很多建议都关注于减少油腻的肉和奶制品的摄入，代之以更多的蔬菜，以及以多不饱和脂肪制成的人造黄油等。

本文是一篇“信息传播型”论述文。主要论述了健康与饮食之间的关系。第一段提出文章的中心：过去几十年里，饮食对于健康的重要性已成了人们的共识，但现在支持这些健康饮食的理论受到了攻击；第二至六段主要介绍了通过对饮食不同的人群的研究，从某种程度上说明了饮食与健康的关系，但要证实这些联系并不容易；第七至十段主要论述了胆固醇和心脏病的关系，并指出研究结果的准确性还有待确定；最后一段作者指出尽管对于饮食和健康的观点在接下来的几年可能发生变化，但增加新鲜食物、粗粮等仍是健康饮食的基础。

Part C

语境词汇

1.inhospitable a.不适合居住的；冷淡的

2.ozone layer 臭氧层

3.lethal a.致命的

4. permafrost n.冰冻层

5.wisp n.小缕，小束

6.carbon dioxide 二氧化碳

7.thaw v.融化

8.aeronautics n.航空学；航空术

2016考研英语阅读八大题型解题技巧

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③从上下文(词汇的前后几句)中找到与所给词汇具有相同词性的词(如一下子找不到就再往上往下找)，代入所给词汇在文章中的位置(将之替换)看语义是否合适 ④找出选项中与代替词意思相同或相近的选相，即答案 注意：a.如果该词汇是简单词汇，则其字面意思必然不是正确答案。 b.考研阅读不是考察字认识不认识，而是考察是否能根据上下文作出正确的判断。 c.词汇题的正确答案经常蕴藏在原文该词汇出现的附近。注意不能靠单词词义直接往下推。 d.寻找时要注意同位语、特殊标点(比如分号，分号前后两句话的逻辑关系不是形式上的并列就是语义上的并列，也就是两句话的意思相同，所以可用其中一句话的意思来推测另一句话的意思从而推出所给词汇含义)、定语从句、前后缀，特别要注意寻找时的同性原则。比如：让猜一个名词词组(动词词组)的意思，我们就向上向下搜索名词词组(动词词组)。 ▲隐蔽型词汇题：题干与原文的某句完全重合，只有一两个词被替换掉。隐蔽型词汇题的做法跟词汇题的做法几乎一样，往上往下找。 4. 句子理解题： ①返回原文找到原句。 ②对原句进行语法和词义的精确分析(找主干)，应该重点抓原句的字面含义。若该句的字面含义不能确定，则依据上下文进行判断。注意：局部含义是由整体决定的。 ③一般来说，选项中的正确答案与原句意思完全相同，只不过用其他英语词汇换种表达而已。 ④句子理解题的错误选项干扰项特征：推得过远。做题时应把握住推的度。 思路：对句子微观分析? 不行就依据上下文? 选择时不要推得过远。 5. 推理题：“最近原则” ①标志：learn, infer, imply, inform ②看是否可以通过题干返回原文或依据选项返回原文。一般要围绕文中的一两个重点进行推理。推理题无论通过题干能不能定位，我们都要把它固化到文章的一两点上。

考研英语阅读理解模拟试题及答案(三)

考研英语阅读理解模拟试题及答案(三) Passage 11 Dream is a story that a personwatchesor even takes part in during sleep. Dream events are imaginary, but they are related to real experiences and needs in the dreamer's life. They seem real while they are taking place. Some dreams are pleasant, others are annoying, and still others are frightening. Everyone dreams, but some persons never recall dreaming. Others remember only a little about a dream they had just before awakening and nothing about earlier dreams. No one recalls all his dreams. Dreams involve little logical thought. In most dreams, the dreamer cannot control what happens to him. The story may be confusing, and things happen that would not happen in real life. People see in most dreams, but they may also hear, smell, touch, and taste in their dreams. Most dreams occur in color. but persons who have been blind since birth do not see at all in dreams. Dreams are a product of the sleeper's mind. They

考研英语阅读六大题型

1.主旨题 (考察理解文中具体信息和概念性的含义的能力） ?识别：题干中出现：subject，summary，topic，title等表达方式的为主题句?实质：对论点和论题提问 ?解题方法： 寻找主题句，主题句通常出现在文章首段首句，或出现在文章开头的转折处或文章开头结束处 主题句特征：主体句通常是一个概括总结性的结论或者判断 寻找主题词：主题句首段末段或全文中多次出现 解题原则：正确选项不能描述太细节，不能包含无依据的信息，应该包含主题词或同义替换词 优先考虑议论文的标题 2.例子证明题（主要考察区分论点和论据的能力） ?识别：题干中出现example，case，illustrate等词 ?解题思路：例子为观点和结论服务，寻找到例子对应观点和结论，通常往上或往下寻找 ?错误选项特征：就事论事，自我总结 ? 3.推理题 ?识别：题干中出现infer，learn,conclude等词 ?分类 a.细节性的推理题(题干中包含具体的定位信息） 理解文中具体信息和概念性的含义的能力 b.段落性的推理题（题干中包含具体段落） 理解文中单句之间，段落之间关系的能力，进行有关的判断，推断和引申的能力 c.全文性的推理题（题干中包含主体词或无定位信息） 理解文章总体结构的能力 ?常考出题点：段落首末段，主题句，观点句，转折处，强调或递进关系的地方

?实质和解题原则：考研推理题本质上还是一种同义改写，推理通常为正反推理和归纳总结 解题原则重在推理原文依据，特别关注转折，选择答案方面，主体大于细节，观点大于论据（意思就是选择原文中对应的总结性句子，而不是论据） 4.细节题：题干中不包含提起题型特征的题为细节题 （考察理解稳重的具体信息和概念性的能力，理解文章的总体解雇以及单句之间，段落之间的关系能力） ?事实识别：问题中出现文章相关的具体信息，可以用相对明显的本文词汇定位 ?因果关系：问题中除了有相对具体的定位信息词外，还有表示因果关系的词汇，要重点把握 ?观点识别：与观点结论有关，通常有suggest，found等引导的宾语从句 ?which题型：问题中没有具体的定位词只出现which提问 解题思路： a.识别题型 b.定位：寻找题干定位词（具体的定位词，因果词，观点词，比较词，原文词汇的替换词）与包含定位词的句子 c.读取： ?分析线索句主干与其他各项的对比（表达方式不同，意思最为接近的为正确选项） ?必要时需要分析线索句的上一句和下一句（支持句） ?当线索句为段落首末段时，支持句为段落的其他句子 d.注意事项：顺序原则（出题顺序和行文顺序基本一致）段落原则（一个段落通常只出现一个细节题，细节题通常不跨段（除非段落间存在指代或明显的逻辑关系） 5.词汇题 (考察上下文推测词义的能力） a.识别：要求对题干中的某个单词，词组或句子的含义进行推测 b.实质：通过上下文确定单词含义 c.解题流程： ?返回原文确定题干位置 ?根据上下文推测含义 ?代入原文，确定答案

考研英语阅读满分实用技巧

考研英语阅读满分实用技巧

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阅读40分高分研究(较长但务必认真读完收获一定良多以后做到阅读就不怕) 本人花万元报名参加北京一内部考研辅导班，该辅导班考前会发布押题，押题命中率百分之90左右，去年该培训班考生全部高分过线。如果需要发布的押题可以联系我QQ673351717免费索取来者不拒一一发布希望大家都能顺利高分通过研考 考研与高考、各类出国考试（TOEFL、GRE、GMA T等）被认为是改变中国学生人生命运的三大考试。英语一直是筛选学生人选硕士研究生的最权威尺度，考研外语录取最低分数线（50~60分）的通过率被严格地控制在15~18%，一个的命运与其外语能力，在这里更确切地说是与考研英语能力（注意，有人的外语水平不低，但考研英语成绩却不理想）息息相关。阅读理解与考研英语 长期以来考研英语阅读理解部分的教与学总是处于一种尴尬状态之中。 一方面，人人知道它的重要性：阅读理解占研究生入学考试英语总分的50%，每道阅读题分值为2分，往往因一念之差，选错一题，就会痛失2分，需要提醒大家注意的是，有的时候半分就能决定成败。 站在更深的层次，考研英语虽然从形式上分为词汇、语法、改错、完形填空、阅读理解、翻译和作文等几部分，但归根结底都是在变相地考阅读理解。所谓完形填空无非是把阅读理解的文章去掉若干个词，要求您在阅读理解的基础上补缺；翻译就是把阅读理解文章选出几句话来，同样需要您在阅读理解的前提下，用通顺甚至是华丽的汉语表达一下而已；词汇和语法都要求在对题干句阅读理解的基础上，再结合词汇及语法的具体特点才能作出最佳选择，而我们许多同学做词汇、语法题目时，非常重视词汇和语法的自身特点，却忽视了对于题干句语义的理解，这是非常简单而又常见的错误，当然也是这类题目准确率不高的一个主要原因；阅读理解不过关，作文也受到直接影响。阅读是别人写的文章让您读，而作文是自己写文章让别人看，别人写的文章您看不懂，头脑里没有素材、没有模型，自己笔下何来好文章。对于广大考生而言，阅读理解部分完成的好坏关系研究生入学考试的成败，阅读理解过关等于研究生入学考试轻松了一大半。 但另一方面，考生大量背诵篇章，拼命作题，外加分析、总结，经过长期不懈的努力后，结果收效甚微。通常情况下，有很多考生阅读理解分数可以达到20至25分，但超过35分的同学却廖廖无几。 新与旧 我认为一本书的新旧不在于其形式、不在于是否在其封面上打上2000年版或3000年版的标志，而在于其内容，在于其思想是否领先于那个时代，一个伟大思想辉煌时代的到来往往是在这个思想的创造者死后的半个或一个世纪——这就是人类的历史！ 本书力排对着答案讲题、将阅读当成翻译来讲解的传统弊端，从分析应试高手心得出发，精研历年考研阅读理解试题，深入体会和理解真题的题型与思路；充分考虑到中国学生的实际水平和常见错误，针对各类题型为考生提供一套实用操作性很强的技巧和方法，提高考生临场实战能力，为未来的考试做好准备，这是同类书籍中的独家做法！同时也避免了考研讲解传统上的事后明白——“马后炮”的缺陷。要知道看了答案，再查词典，人人都会讲考研。 考生难点分析 根据考生水平的水同，一般存在如下三种问题： *部分考生读不懂文章，对于复杂句尤其是长句、多义词及难词理解有误。这些考生的英语阅读的基本功还有待提高。

2020年考研英语阅读模拟试题及答案(2)

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