高中英语主谓一致讲解

高中英语：主谓一致

知识总结归纳

一、概念：主谓一致是指谓语在人称和数上必须和主语的人称和数保持一致。这是英语

语法中必须遵循的基本规则。

二、主谓一致主要有以下几种情况：语法一致，就近一致和意义一致。

（一）、语法一致：主语为单数形式，谓语动词也用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。

.1 ofte n help him and he ofte n helps me. We ofte n help each other.

不可数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数；可数名词的复数形式作主语，谓语动词用复数。

1. 由and连接的两个名词或代词做主语：

①The worker and writer _____ （be） from Wuha n. 那个工人兼作家

②The worker and the writer _____ （be） from Beiji ng. 那位工人和那位作家

③The secretary and monitor _ asked to make a speech at the meeting. A. is B. was C. are

D. were

（1）这部分主语表示的是两个人或两件不同的事物，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：

①My brother and I have both see n that film.

②Both rice and wheat are grown in this part of China.

③The poet and the no velist were both prese nt at the meeti ng.

（2）这部分主语表示具有两个身份或性质的同一个人或一个完整的事物，谓语动词用单数形式，这时and 后面的名词前没有冠词。例：

①The statesma n and poet was en gaged in warfare all his life.

②War and peace is a con sta nt theme in history.

③One more knife and fork is n eeded.

④Bread and butter is our daily food.

⑤Law and order has bee n established.

（3）这部分主语前面有each, every, many a, no 等修饰时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。例句：

①Each doctor and （each）nurse was given a new shirt.

②No sound and no voice is heard.

③Many a boy and girl has made the same mistake.

④Every mi nute and every sec ond is precious.

2. 动名词，不定式，主语从句做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例句：

①Readi ng is a great pleasure in life.

②To live means to create.

③That we n eed more time is obvious.

④What is n eeded is food and medici ne.

3. 表示时间，金钱，距离，重量的复数名词表示数量做主语时，被视为一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。

例句：

①Three thousa nd miles is a long dista nee.

②Eight hours of sleep is eno ugh.

③Ten dollars is eno ugh for him.

④Fifty kilograms is not too long to be carried

4. 不定代词anyone，anything， every one，everyth ing，some one，someth ing，no one，nothing，each

the other 等做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例句：

①Is an ybody going to tell him the n ews ?

③ Anybody who （ break / breaks） the rule will be punished.

②Some one wants to see you.

5. 倒装句中的语法一致

①Two pictures ___ on the wall, which attract many people.

②On the wall ___ two pictures, which attract many people.

③Their teacher ___ among the students, who is in her thirties.

④Among the students ___ their teacher, who is in her thirties.

（二）就近原则

1 由连词or, either …or, neither …nor, not only …but also, 连接的两个名词或代词做主语时，谓

语动词和离它最近的哪个名词或代词的人称和数一致。例句：

①. Either you or Jean is to be sent to New Zealand.

②. Not only his family but also he likes Chaplin ' s movies.

③. Neither Tom nor the Browns enjoy their journey to Beijing owing to the bad weather.

④. George or Tom is wanted.

2、注意：There be 句型中be 的形式由它后面的第一个名词的数决定。例句：

①. There aren ' t any letters in the mail for you today.

②. There is a lamp, two pens and three books on the desk.

③. Here are some envelopes and paper for you.

3、名词后面带有with, along with, together with, besides, except, but, like, including, as well as, rather than 短语共同做主语时，谓语动词与这些短语前面的那个名词的数一致。例句：

①. All but one were here just now.

②. A library with five thousand books is offered to that nation as a gift.

③. An expert, together with some assistants, was sent to help in this work.

④. You as well as I are wrong.

（三）意义一致

1. 代词none, neither, all 的不可数形式还是复数形式由它们指的内容决定例句：

（1）All hope has gone.

（2）All are agreed on this point.

（3）—Is there any milk in the fridge? —No, there is none.

（4）None has returned from the meeting.

2. 集合名词group, family, class, government, team, public, enemy, crowd, audience, club, party, crew 等名词等作主语时, 如果看成一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式, 如果看成其中各成员，则用复数形式. 例句The army is going to remain in this town. The army have rescued the travelers.

His family ______ very large. His family ______ music lovers.

The group ___ made up of nine students. The group ____ dancing happily

注意：集合名词cattle, clothes, people, the police 表示复数意义，谓语动词永远复数。people 民族（可数名词，peoples）

3. 限定词短语all of …; none of …; a lot of …; 以及分数/百分数+of ….修饰名词构成的名词短语做主语时，谓语动词的形式由of 后面的名词形式决定。例句：

（1）None of these suggestions are very helpful.

（2）I don ' t think any of us wants to work tomorrow.

（3）Two-fifths of the students in the class are from Arabic-speaking countries.

4、代词作主语

Neither dog _____ big. （ A. is B. are ） Neither of them ___________________ big. （ A. is B. are ）Neither rabbit _____ h an dsome. ( A. is B. are )

Neither of the rabbits _____ h an dsome.. ( A. is B. are )

③ Anybody who （ break / breaks） the rule will be punished.

(neither + 单数名词宀谓语动词用单数；none /neither of +可数名词谓语动词用单数或复数；

none of+不可数名词宀谓语动词用单数)

1 ) .None of these people ___ d octors. A. has B. have C. are D. was

2 ) Neither of them __ a good sin ger. A. was B. is C. were D. is used to be

3) ___________________ .Neither of us (was/were) ready when the party began.

4) . None of them ________ (has/have) watched the talk show.

5、主语是单复数同形的名词deer, sheep, fish 鱼,series 系列，species 物种，means手段，works 工厂，aircraft 飞行器，ect.时，视其表达的意义而判断谓语动词的单复数。

Eg: 1.) A new means has been used .

2. ) Many means have not come into effect.

6、the + adj.,表示一类人，谓语动词用复数，如the old, the you ng, the rich, the poor 等

the+ adj.,表示某个人或一类抽象的事物，谓语动词用单数，如the beautiful, the good 等。如，

⑴The old take n good care of in our society.

⑵The rich for the decisi on but the poor are aga inst

it.

⑶The wounded a young boy.

⑷The beautiful not always the same as the good.

⑸The new sure to replace the old.

难点突破

1. 主谓一致的考查主要体现在单项选择和短文改错两个题型中。同学们在练习和应试时，遇到这样的题时，要牢记主谓一致的三个基本原则。一定要根据句子内容抓住关键的主语部分。同时还要考虑句子的时态和语态。

2. one of + 复数名词做定语从句的先行词时，定语从句中的谓语动词与复数名词一致。the only one

of +复数名词做定语从句的先行词时，定语从句中的谓语动词用单数形式。

例句：

Jim was one of the boys who were late for class.

Jim was the only one of the boys who was late for class.

【典型例题】

[例1] E-mail, as well as teleph on es, ___ an importa nt part in daily com muni cati on.

A. is play ing

B. have played

C. are play ing

D. play

分析：带有as well as短语的名词做主语时，谓语动词与这个名词的人称和数一致，不受as well as 短语内容的影响。E-mail是单数形式，故选择A。

[例2] Either John or his friends ____ to blame for the bad results.

A. are

B. is

C. was

D. has bee n

分析：either ?-or..连接两个名词做主语时，其谓语动词与离它最近的名词的数和人称一致，本题中his friends 决定了谓语动词的形式，故选择A。

[例3] The con ductor and composer ____ by a crowd of people.

A. are greeted

B. is greeted

C. greets

D. have bee n greeted

分析：根据句意，主语部分的The conductor and composer是指一个人即：乐队指挥兼作曲家，所以主语的内容是单数形式，故选择B。

[例4] —The trousers _____ you well, madam.

— But the colour ___ me.

A. fit; don ' t suit

B. fits; doesn ' t suit

C. fits; don 't suit

D. fit; doesn ' t suit

分析： trousers, clothes, glasses, 等名词本身就是复数形式。谓语动词用复数形式。 Colour 是单 数，谓语用单数，故选择 D 。

[ 例 5] The Smith ' s family, which _____ rather a large one, ___ very fond of their old house.

A. were; were

B. was; were

C. were; was

D. was; was

分析： family 指“家庭”为单数，指“家庭成员”为复数形式。第一空格前的 which 指“家庭” 谓 语用 was. 第二空格后的 fond of 指“家庭成员喜欢他们的老房子” 谓语为 were ，故选择 B 。 [ 例 6] He is the only one of the students who ____ a winner of scholarship for three years.

A. is

B. are

C. have been

D. has been

分析： 当定语从句先行词是“ one of + 复数形式”时， 其后的从句谓语动词用复数形式。而当 one 之前有 the only 时， 定语从句则强调 the only one ，谓语动词用单数。 另外，题目中的时间状语 for three years 表明从句的时态为现在完成时，故选择

D 。

[ 例 7] Three fifths of the police ___ in the school near the town.

A. has trained

B. have trained

C. has been trained

D. have been trained

分析： 分数 +名词做主语时，谓语动词的形式由分数所指的名词的形式（可数名词或不可数名词）决 定， police 是集合名词为复数形式，根据句子意思， police 与 train 为被动关系，应用被动语态，故选 择 D 。

短文改错片段：

1. Now my picture and the prize is hanging in the library. 分析： 本句中主语 Now my picture and the prize 是复数形式，谓语动词 is 应改为 are.

2. Sometimes, we talked to each other very well in class, but after class we become stranger at once. 分析： 本句第一行，根据全篇内容的语境，应当是一般现在时，所以谓语动词 talked 改为 talk. 第二

行：根据句意： 我们下课后立刻又成了陌生人。 Stranger 应当与主语 we 一致，改为复数形式， strangers.

3. But not all information are good to society.

分析： 主语 information 是不可数名词， are 应改为 is

【模拟试题】

— No, the teacher, together with the students to the playground. A. go B. went C. has gone 2. —Are these your sheep ? — No. Mine A. are feeding B. feed C. is fed D. is feeding 3. Sitting at the back of the room but in front of some old men and women ___ a very shy girl with two bright eyes. 1. — Is there anybody in the classroom

D. have gone on grass at the foot of the hill.

A. was

B. are

C. were

D. there was

4. Mr. Bush, together with his wife and daughter ___ going to Japan next week.

A. are

B. is

C. will be

D. would be

5. Not the teacher but the students __ excited.

A. is

B. has

C. are

D. have

6. As I have a meeting at four, ten minutes ___ all that I can spare to talk with you.

A. are

B. was

C. is

D. were

7. ___ of the land in that district ____ covered with trees and grass.

A. Two fifth; is

B. Two fifths; are

C. Two fifth; are

D. Two fifths; is

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在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词在人称和数上必须和主语保持一致，这就叫主谓一致。主谓一致大致可归纳为三个原则，即语法一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致。 语法一致原则 语法一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。 1．单数名词、代词、动词不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。 ?To study French well is not easy. 学好法语不容易。 ?What he said is very important for us all. 他说的话对我们大家很重要。 【注意】由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式；但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。 ?What I bought were three Chinese books. 我买的是三本中文书。 ?What I say and do are helpful to you. 我所说的、所做的都对你有帮助。 2．由连接词and或both...and...连接起来的合成主语后面，谓语动词要用复数形式。 ?Both she and he are middle school students. 他和她都是中学生。 【注意】(1)若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或事(物)时，主语后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。 ?The writer and artist has come. 那个兼有作家和艺术家双重身份的人来了。 ?To go to bed early and to rise early is a good habit. 早睡早起是个好习惯。 (2)由and连接的并列单数主语前如果有no, each, every, more than a(an), many a(an)修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。 ?No boy and no girl likes it. 男孩和女孩没有一个喜欢这个的。

(英语)英语主谓一致解题技巧及练习题

（英语）英语主谓一致解题技巧及练习题 一、主谓一致 1．—What’s in the picture on the wall? —There a teacher and some students playing soccer on the playground. A．has B．are C．is D．have 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】 句意“-在墙上的照片里有什么？-一个老师和一些学生在操场上踢足球”。本题考查there be 的用法。there be不与have连用，排除A和D；there be中的be动词遵循“就近一致”原则，即与最近的a teacher保持一致，用单数is，故选C。 2．In our class _____ of the students _____ girls. A．third fifths; is B．third fifth; are C．three fifth; is D．three fifths; are 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】 句意：我们班五分之三的学生是女孩。 在英语中表示分数，分子要用基数词，分母用序数词，当分子大于一时，分母用复数形式。五分之三应该是three fifths;另外，分数+名词复数作主语的时候，后面的谓语动词应该用复数。所以选D。 3．（用在否定句中）也,而且;根本 If you don't go, I won't either. 你如不去,我也不去。 It won't do them any good, but it won't do them any harm either. 这对他们没有好处,但也没有坏处。 4．（两者之中）任何一个 I don't agree with either of you on these issues. 在这些问题上,你们两个我都不同意。 连接词 conj. 5．The rest of students in the classroom ______my classmates. A．is B．are C．be D．am 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析：句意：教室内的其他学生是我的同学们。本句主语The rest of students为复数形式，故系动词用复数形式are，选B。 考点：主谓一致