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专业英语总结

专业英语总结
专业英语总结

1、charge: v.充电、装料、收费、指控、突击、冲锋n.电荷、负载、(火箭)燃料、费用、零钱、责任、义务

2、blueprint n.蓝图overheat n.过热oilproof a.耐油的workholder n.工件夹具all-in-service n.维修

feed 进给tank 坦克skylab 太空实验室Acknowledgement确认

EDM=Electrical Discharge Machining CAD=Computer Aided Design 百科全书Encyclopedia

“人工放射性元素”(Artificial Radioactive Elements科技图书中综论书(Treatises)与专论书(Monographs)

《工程索引》(The Engineering Index,简称EI)The Propagation of Sound and Wave(声和波的传播)

3、Copper is extremely tough but cast-iron is not.铜的韧性极高而铸铁的韧性极低。

4、A material which deforms less under given load is more stiff than one which deforms more.

在一定载荷下,变形小的材料比变形大的材料具有更大的刚度。

5、Any substance is made up of atoms whether it is a solid, a liquid, or a gas.

任何物质,不管是固体、液体或气体,都是由原子组成的。

6、Hardened steel is difficult to machine, but having been annealed, it can be easily machined.

淬火钢很难加工,但经过退火后便容易加工了。

7、Automatical lathes perform basically similar functions but appear in a variety of forms.

各种自动车床的作用基本相同,但形式不同。

8、The twist drill is the most common type of metal working drill.麻花钻是最普通的钻削金属的钻头。

9、A steady increase of load on a part will cause it to deform gradually.

逐渐增加作用在零件上的载荷,可使零件逐渐产生变形

10、I t is possible to cut all thread forms and sizes on a lathe.在车床上可以车削各种形状和尺寸的螺纹。

11、S teel behave differently from cast iron.钢的性能不同于铸铁。

12、The high carbon steel is chiefly characterized by its high hardness and wear resistance.

高碳钢的主要特点是具有高硬度和耐磨性。

13、Aluminum is very light in weight.铝的重量很轻

14、N eedle bearings have a much greater length-to-diameter ratio than cylindrical roller bearings.

15、滚针轴承的长径比远大于圆柱滚子轴承。

16、Medium carbon steel is much stronger than low carbon steel.中碳钢的强度比低碳钢高得多。

17、Grinding has better surface finish than milling.磨削加工比铣削加工的表面光洁度更高。

18、Special design of the rear bearing allows for exchange V-belts without the necessary of removing the spindle.

由于后轴承的特殊设计,更换V带时,无需取下主轴。

19、In welding,too much current will make it virtually impossible to stay the deposited metal in the right place.

焊接时电流太大,就不能使镀层金属留在正确的位置

20、It has already been stated that the workpiece must be located relative to the cutting tool and be secured in that position.已经讲过,工件必须保持与刀具一定的相对位置,并予以固定。

21、The cutter is clamped in the tool post which is mounted on the carriage.刀具装夹在刀架上,刀架则固定在溜板上。

22、The head of a drilling machine is mounted on the column above the table.

钻床的主轴箱安装在位于工作台上方立柱上。

23、Fatigue Fracture Mechanism Of Spring End Coil。(高应力弹簧端圈疲劳断裂机理研究)。

24、Protective Technique of Three—phase Asynchronous Motors.对三相异步电动机保护技术的初步研究

(1)英文摘要的基本内容

英文摘要通常放在正文前面,将论文的目的(purposes),主要研究过程(procedures)及所采用的方法(methods),由此得到的主要结果(results)和得出的重要结论(conclusions)表达清楚。即英文摘要应包括如下的内容:本文的目的或要解决的问题(What I want to do);所采用的方法及过程(How I did it);主要结果及结论(What results did get and what conclusions can I draw);本文的创新且独到之处(What is new and original in this paper)。通常在摘要的末尾还要加关键词,作为索引的补充,也表明文章的特性。关键词—般为3-10个,从论文中选出。在格式上,英文摘要由以下三部分组成:目的;过程及方法;结果和结论。

正文由引言(introduction)、主体(body)、结论和建议(conclusion and recommendation)组成。

a cylindrical grinding machine 外圆磨床chip 切屑the depth of cut 吃刀深度Coolant 冷却液abrasive dust 磨屑spindle 主轴tailstock 尾座dovetail 燕尾槽gi

b 镶条guard 防护罩

roughing 粗加工finishing 精加工surface finish 表面光洁度

企业的核心竞争力就是企业的决策力,它包括把握全局、审时度势的判断力,大胆突破、敢于竞争的创新力,博采众长、开拓进取的文化力,保证质量、诚实守信的亲和力。[1]

Enterprise's core competitiveness of enterprises is the ability to make decisions, including to grasp the overall situation, situation judgment, bold breakthrough, dare to the innovation of the competition, Bocaizhongchang, pioneering and enterprising spirit of culture force to ensure quality, honesty and trustworthiness of the affinity.

核心竞争力是群体或团队中根深蒂固的、互相弥补的一系列技能和知识的组合,借助该能力,能够按世界一流水平实施—到多项核心梳程。企业核心竞争力就是企业长期形成的,蕴涵于企业内质中的,企业独具的,支撑企业过去,现在和未来竞争优势,并使企业在竞争环境中能够长时间取得主动的核心能力。

Core competence is a combination of the deep-rooted in group or team, compensate for each other a series of skills and knowledge, with the ability, can according to world-class level implementation, to a number of core comb process. The core competitiveness of an enterprise is formed over a long period of time, contained in the enterprise endosarc, unique enterprise, support enterprises in the past, now and future competitive advantage, and make the enterprise can long time to obtain the active core ability in competition environment.

2、A CAD/CAM software is designed to be primarily interactive, instructive and user-friendly wherein a designer can instruct a computer to perform a sequence of tasks ranging from designing to manufacture of an engineering component.

计算机辅助设计/计算机辅助制造软件主要用于提供具有一定互动性、启发性和友好交互性的操作,帮助设计师指示计算机执行一系列操作,从而完成一个工程零部件从设计到制造所需要一系列任务。

3、The first stage of a rocket is thrown away only minutes after the rocket takes off.

火箭的第一级在火箭起飞后仅仅几分钟就被扔掉。

4、The volume of a gas is inversely proportional to its pressure if the temperature is

held constant.如果温度保持恒定,气体的体积与压力成反比。

5、The moon, as well as the stars and the sun, is made use of by the mariner to find his latitude and longitude at sea.月球和星星、太阳一样常被海员用来确定在海上的经纬度。

6、A right kind of fuel is needed for an atomic reactor. 原子反应堆需要一种适宜的燃料。

7、To explore the moon’s surface, rockets were launched again and again.

为了探测月球的表面,人们一次又一次地发射火箭。/

8、When work is done against friction, heat is produced.当克服摩擦而作功时,就产生热。

9、Care should be taken at all times to protect the instrument from dust and damp.

应当始终注意保护仪器,不使沾染灰尘,不使受潮。

10、Like any precision machine, the lathe requires careful treatment.

跟任何精密机床一样,车床也需要精心维护。

11、A single-point cutting tool is used to cut threads on engine lathes.普通车床是单刃刀具来车螺纹的。

12、The iron ore used to make steel comes from open-pit and underground.

炼钢用的铁矿石来自露天开采的矿山和地下矿井。

13、Were there no electric pressure in a conductor, the electron flow would not take place in it.

导体内如果没有电压,便不会产生电子流动现象。( 增加“现象”)

14、In most cases small lathes are as complete as large lathes,only smaller and lighter.

小车床的结构与大车床的一样完备,只是体积小些,重量轻些。(增加“体积”、“重量”)

15、Automatic lathes perform basically similar functions but appear in a variety of forms.

外形各异的自动车床基本功能是类似的。(省略动词perform and appear) /

16、Heated to a temperature of about 500℃and then quenched,aluminum will develop a great tensile strength. 加热到500℃左右再淬火,铝能产生很大的抗拉强度。(不译“温度500℃左右”)

17、Were there no friction,transmission of motion would be impossible. 没有摩擦就不能传递运动。

18、Steel is widely used in engineering,for its properties are most suitable for construction purposes。钢广泛地用于工程中,因为钢的性能非常适合于建筑使用。

19、The electrical conductivity has great importance in selecting electrical materials.

在选择电气材料时,电导率很重要。/

20、The electronic computer is chiefly characterized by its accurate and rapid computations。

电子计算机的主要特点是计算准确而迅速。(动词characterize译成名词,副词chiefly随之译成形容词)Aluminum is very light in weight, being only one third as heavy as iron.铝的重量很轻,只有铁的三分之一The prevention of certain types of cancer is distinctly within the realm of possibility.某些癌症显然可以预防23、The wide application of electronic computers affects tremendously the development of science and technology.电子计算机的广泛应用,对科学技术发展的影响极大。/

24、After more experiments, Galileo succeeded in making a much better telescope.

又做了一些实验之后,伽利略成功地制造了一架好得多的望远镜。

25、Television has been successfully sent by laser, too.用激光发射电视也获得了成功。/

26、A great contribution of Edison was the carbon microphone. 炭精传声器是爱迪生的一大贡献。

27、An unusually wide feed range adapts the machine to the greatest variety of job。由于进给范围很广,本机床可用于加工各种不同的工件。(试比较:很宽广的进给范围使本机床适合于加工各种不同的工件。)

28、It follows that action and reaction always act on different bodies but never act on the same body.由此可见,作用力和反作用力总是作用在不同的物体上,而永远不作用在同一物体上。/

29、Semiconductors are a group of materials with their conductivity lying between that of conductors and that of insulators.半导体是一种电工材料,其导电性介于导体和绝缘体之间。

30、Petroleum(石油)was formed at a later time than coal(煤炭)from plants and animals that lived in shallow seas.石油是由生长在浅海的动植物形成的,其形成时间比煤晚。

1、Even when we turn off the beside lamp and are fast sleep,即使我们关掉床头灯进入深深的睡眠时electricity is working for us, 电仍然在为我们工作driving our refrigerators, 使电冰箱运转

heating our water, 加热水or keeping our rooms air-conditioned.或是保持房间的空调继续运转

2、The number of the young people in the United States who can’t read is incredible about one in four.

大约有1/4的美国青年没有阅读能力,这简直令人难以置信。

3、Aluminum remained unknown until the nineteenth century, because nowhere in nature is it found free,owing to its always being combined with other elements,most commonly with oxygen,for which it has a strong affinity.铝总是跟其他元素结合在一起,最普遍的是跟氧结合;因为铝跟氧有很强的亲和力,由于这个原因,在自然界找不到游离状态的铝。所以,铝直到19世纪才被人发现。

4、Television,it is often said,keeps one informed about current events,allow one to follow the latest developments in science and politics,and offers an endless series of programs which are both instructive and entertaining. 人们常说,通过电视可以了解时事,掌握科学和政治的最新动态。从电视里还可以看到层出不穷、既有教育意义又有娱乐性的新节目。

5、Up to the present time,throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries,this new tendency placed the home in the immediate suburbs,but concentrated manufacturing activity,business relations,government,and pleasure in the centers of the cities. 到目前为止,经历了18和19两个世纪,这种新的倾向是把住宅安排在城市的近郊,而把生产活动、商业往来、政府部门以及娱乐场所都集中在城市的中心地区。

6、There are some metals which possess the power to conduct electricity and ability to be magnetized.

某些金属既能导电,又能磁化。

7、The offspring of animals and plants more or less closely resemble the parents because hereditary materia1is passed on by reproduction from one generation to the next.

动植物的后代颇象自己的亲本,这是因为遗传物质通过生殖代代相传的缘故。

8、The fossil record is filled with lines of horses that went just so far in their evolution and then became extinct.化石记载了马的各种发展路线,但它们在进化中发展到一定的阶段便灭绝了。

9、Although the democratic metal, iron, was increasing1y used from about 1100Bc onwards it was not at first used for making chains.虽然从公元前1100 年起。铁的使用越来越广泛,但是它不曾首先用来制造链条。

10、Metals are widely used in industry.金属广泛地应用在工业上。

11、All bodies are known to possess mass. 大家都知道所有物体都有质量。

12、It is generally recognized that light has a vast capacity for transmitting information.

一般认为,光传播信息的容量极大。

13、The mechanical energy can be changed back into electrical energy by a generator.

采用发电机可以把机械能再转换回去成为电能。

14、The raw material is introduced at the higher end and moves steadily down the kiln to the burning zone.原料从窑的较高端进入并稳定地向下运动,到达燃烧区。

15、The direction of a force can be indicated by an arrow.力的方向可用箭头表示。

16、Heavy metal pollution, including lead, zinc, copper may be caused by corrosion of the very

pipes that carry water from its source to the consumer.

重金属污染,包括铅、锌和铜的污染可能正是由于把水从水源输送到用户的管道本身的腐蚀引起的。

17、All metals are not good conductors.金属并非都是良导体。

18、Every machine here is not produced in our factory.这里的机器并不全是我厂制造的。

19、I do not believe that percentage humidity andRelative humidity are the same.

我相信湿度百分率和相对湿度不是一回事。

20、Flame-hardening is used on small lots because of its adaptability and freedom from special tooling and setup.由于适应性好以及不需要专用工具和装备,火焰硬化工艺用于小批量产品。

21、This equation is far from being complicated. 这个方程一点也不复杂。

22、There is no grammatical rule that has no exceptions. 没有一条语法规则没有例外。

23、The fractures were not discovered until the machine parts were sectioned while searching for the cause of service failures.直到为寻找失效原因而把这些机器零件剖开时才发现了这些裂纹。

24、In some mechanical systems there may be internal forces which are proportional to the velocity with which their points of application move and which oppose the motion as in viscous dampers; such forces dissipate energy as heat. 在某些机械系统中可能存在着一些内力,这些内力的大小和它们作用点的速度成比例,并且这些内力像粘性阻尼一样阻碍运动,把能量耗散为热。

25、The simplification of assuming the fluid to be inviscid may not be made when analysis of heat convection are undertaken, because the process of convection of heat away from the wall is intimately concerned with thermal conduction and energy transport due to motion in the fluid layers in the immediate vicinity of the wall.因为从壁面带走热量的对流过程与热传导和壁面邻近区域内由流体层运动所产生的能量传递密切相关,所以在进行热对流分析时,不能简单地假设流体为无粘性的。

26、This book is a practical guide aimed at those thousands of practicing engineers who may have a general understanding of the concept of reliability, but who lack, or have forgotten, the precise understanding of the language of Reliability Engineering to be able to confidently make effective practical use of the technique involved.

本书的目的是为众多的实际工作的工程师提供关于可靠性的实用性指导,他们可能对可靠性的概念有一般性的了解,但是他们或是对可靠性工程术语缺乏确切的理解,或是忘记了,因而对在实际中有效地使用相关技术信心不足。27、Like any precision machine, the lathe requires careful treatment.

跟任何精密机床一样,车床也需要精心维护。

28Solar energy seems to offer more hope than any other source of energy.太阳能似乎比其他能源更有前途。

29、The purpose of a driller is to cut holes .钻床的功能是钻孔。

30、A single-point cutting tool is to cut threads on engine lathes.普通车床是用单刃刀具来车螺纹的。

31、The major contributors in component technology have been the semi-conductor components.

元件技术中起主要作用的是半导体元件。

32、There are three steps which must be taken before we graduate from the integrated circuit technology.

我们要完全掌握集成电路,还必须经过三个阶段。

33、The iron ore used to make steel comes from open-pit and underground mines.

炼钢用的铁矿石来自露天开采的矿山和地下矿井。

34、An insulator offers a very high resistance to the passage through which electric current goes.

绝缘体对电流通过有很大阻力。

35、A one-celled animal or plant cannot, of course, survive the destruction of its one cell.

单细胞的动物或植物,在仅有的一个细胞被破坏后当然就不能生存。

36、Copper and gold were available long before man has discovered the way of getting metal from compound. 在人们找到从化合物中提取金属的方法很久以前就使用铜和金了。

37、The term laser stands for amplification by stimulated emission of radiation.

“激光” 这个术语指的是利用辐射的受激发射来放大光波。

38、The two bodies are so far apart that the attractive force between them is negligible.

这两个物体相距如此之远,它们之间的吸引力可以忽略不计。

39、Most U.S. spy satellites are designed to burn up in the earth s atmosphere after completing their missions.美国的绝大多数间谍卫星,按起设计,将在完成使命后在大气层中烧毁。

40、The cutting tool must be strong, tough, hard, and wear resistant.

刀具必须有足够的强度,硬度,韧性和耐磨性。

41、Gold is an important metal but it is not essentially changed by man s treatment of it.

虽然黄金是一种重要的金属,但是人类的加工并没有改变它的性质。

42、The electrical conductivity has great importance in selecting electrical materials.

在选择电气材料时,电导率很重要。

43、This communication system is chiefly characterized by its simplicity of operation and the ease with which it can be maintained.这种通信系统的主要特点是操作简单,容易维修。

44、The application of electronic computers makes for a tremendous rise in labour productivity.

使用电子计算机可以大大地提高劳动生产率。

45、The influence that this genius has on science continues at the 100th anniversary of his birth.

这位天才在诞生一百周年时还在影响科学的发展。

46、The wrong power-line connection will damage the motor. 如果电源线接错了,就会损坏电动机。

47、The infinitesimal amount of nuclear fuel required makes it possible to build power reactors in any part of the world.因为所需要的核燃料极少,所以有可能把动力反应堆建在世界上任何一个地方。

48、In those days, a cart that used an engine instead of a horse was thought to be dangerous.

那时人们认为,用发动机驱动而不用马拉的车是危险的。

49、It follows that action and reaction always act on different bodies but never act on the same body.

由此可见,作用力和反作用力总是作用在不同的物体上,而永远不作用在同一物体上。

50、Semiconductors are a group of materials with their conductivity lying between that of conductors and that of insulators.半导体是一种材料,其导电性介于导体和绝缘体之间。

51、The flexibility and versatility of numerical control have led to the development of a new type of machine tool called the machining center.

数控系统的灵活性和多样性导致一种新型机床的发展,这种机床叫做加工中心。

52、Petroleum was formed at a later time than coal from plants and animals that lived in shallow seas.

石油是由生长在浅海的动植物形成的,其形成时间比煤晚。

53、The atom reactor could run wild with too many neutrons. 倘若中子太多,原子反应堆就无法控制。

54、He later became a leading advocate of nuclear disarmament.

他后来极力主张禁止使用核武器,成了这发面的主要宣传鼓动家。

55、Gas, oil, and electric furnaces are most commonly used for heat treating metal.

金属热处理最常用的是煤气炉、油炉和电炉。

56、The charges of nucleus and electrons are equal so that the atom is electrically neutral.

原子核的电荷和电子的电荷相等,所以原子不带电。

57、Alternating current flows first in one direction and then in the other, the reversals taking place many times a second.交流电首先向一个方向流动,然后向另一方向流动,这种反复过程每秒钟出现多次。

58、Plant growth needs sunshine, air and water as well.植物生长需要阳光,需要空气,也同样需要水。

59、Engineers have to analyse and solve design problems.工程师要分析设计问题,解决设计问题。

60、Metals are the best conductors and gases the poorest conductors of heat.

金属是热的最佳导体,而气体则是热的最差导体。

61、The law of conservation and transformation of energy is the chief basis of engineering practice.

能量守恒和能量转换定律是工程实践的主要基础。

62、Water has the property of dissolving sugar, sugar the property of being dissolved by water. 水具有溶解糖的特性,糖则具有被水溶解的特性。

63、High voltage is necessary for long transmission line while low voltage for safe use.

远距离送电需要高压,安全用电则需要低压。

常见的句型翻译如下:

It is assumed that 假设,假定

It is expected that 预期,人们期望

It is found that 人们发现

It is hypothesized that 假设

It is known that 众所周知

It is proposed that 一般认为,有人提出It is suggested that 有人建议

It is supposed that 据推测科技英语翻译——如何写英语论文

一、Title (题目)

二、Abstract (摘要)

三、Introduction (引言)

四、Materials and Methods (材料与方法)

五、Results (结果)

六、Discussion (讨论分析)

七、Conclusions (结论)

could achieve the following results of research 可以实现以下研究结果

Guarantee a fast and cost-efficient disassembly of components, for recycling or re-use purposes, by modular and highly flexible processes,equipment and tools.

保证快速和成本有效的可拆卸部件,回收或再利用的目的,通过模块化和高度灵活的工艺,设备和工具。Increase the operational availability of the disassembly system by making it flexible in regard to different products and their respective different conditions.通过对不同的产品和他们的各自不同的条件灵活增加拆卸系统可用度。

A conceptual tool for module configuration according to the economic and ecologic evaluation of products and processes has been developed.根据产品和过程的经济和生态评价模块配置的概念已开发的工具。

Procedures for planning disassembly on demand have been implemented,also for setting-up and adapting disassembly networks dependent on part programs to be disassembled.

程序规划拆卸的需求已经实现,也为建立和适应拆卸网络依赖部分程序的可拆卸。

Obstacles for global cycle economy and methods to overcome them have been identified.

全球循环经济的障碍及克服方法他们已经确定。

A holistic method for valuating different products according to Life Cycle Assessment criteria was generated and implemented for practical application in Product Development Processes.

评估根据不同产品的生命周期评价标准的整体方法的产生和实施产品开发过程中的实际应用。

Information technological tools and infrastructure for design methodology,product condition monitoring and adaptation were developed.设计方法的信息技术工具和基础设施,产品状态监测和适应了。

A disassembly knowledge platform accessible by internet has been set-up to communicate the results of the Sfb 281 to interested public domain.

拆卸知识平台通过互联网访问已经设置通讯SFB 281的结果感兴趣的公共领域。

Management is challenged by innovation in sustainability. Innovation is defined as invention plus diffusion i.e. success on the market. Both education and business are essential factors for the success of sustainability in a competitive market environment.管理创新可持续性的挑战。创新是发明加扩散即成功投放市场。教育和企业都是在竞争激烈的市场环境中持续成功的关键因素。

1-1 What is the Challenges in Manufacturing, Products and Service Engineering?P1

1-2 What topics should be focus on in manufacturing, products and service engineering ?P1

1-3 What would happen at some point in the future?P2

1-4 Give some technologies to prepare for the twenty – x th century?P3

2-1 Why do we say that design is an interesting engineering activity ? P6

2-2 Is the work of engineering designers placed at the centre of two intersecting cultural and technical streams? Why?P6 In phychological respects,designing is a creative activity that calls for a sound grounding in mathematics,physics,chemistry,mechanics,thermodynamics,hydrodynamics,electrical engineering,production engineering,materials technology,machine elements and design theory,as well as knowledge and experience of the domain of interest.initiative,resolution,economic insight,tenacity,optimism and teamwork are qualities that stand all designer in good stead ande are indipensable to those in responsible positions.

在心理方面,设计是一种创造性的活动,要求在数学,一声接物理,化学,力学,热力学,流体力学,电气工程,生产工程,材料技术,机械元件的设计理论,以及知识和感兴趣的领域的经验。主动性,分辨率,经济的洞察力,坚韧,乐观和团队素质大有裨益安德所有设计师都不可或缺的岗位负责。

2-3 Describe the life cycle of a product.P8

2-4 Describe stepwise development of a mass-produced product.P10

2-5 What can the activities of designers be roughly classified into?P10

2-6 Describe the position of the design process within a company.P11

2-7 What is the core competences in enterprises.

2-8 What is a design methodology?P15

2-9 What are five overlying principles about technical and economic criteria ?P17

2-10 Describe the steps of the systems approach. P21

3-1 Which steps may engineering design of a product be conceived and evolved in? P31

3-2 How do we understand the role of a human vis-a-vis a computer?P32

3-3 Describe Computer Graphics and its applications.P33

4-1 Give the definition of manufacturing.P43

4-2 Which four classes of manufacturing attributes should we consider when making manufacturing decisions? Why?P51

4-3 What do the time attributes refer to in manufacturing systems? P57

5-1 Which challenges does humankind confront with? P89

5-2 Which results of research do we achieve in sustainable development?P91

5-3 Describe a logical path for increasing use productivity of resources.P95

5-4 Describe some engineering challenges by sustainability.P96

5-5 Why do we say education is essential factor for the success of sustainability in a competitive market environment?P97

5-7 What do you think about remanufacturing? Give the example to describe it.

5-8 Are there many vehicles in use in China in recent years? Giving some ideas about that.

5-9 Describe some technical specifications that the civil vehicles registered in China will be discarded.

5-10 Describe the characteristics of ELV in China.

5-11 How many kinds of ways to reuse and recycle materials after ELV dismantling are there in China?

5-12 Which key technical innovations does the EVL pilot system project focus on?

5-13 Explain the surface engineering used in engine remanufacturing industry.

5-14 Give a state of the art outline for EVL in China.

5-15 Describe the structure about an initiative on sustainability in engineering.

6-1 What is the driver assistance system? What does it include?

6-2 What is the vehicle stability control systems and what does it contribute to?

6-3 Describe some technologies for addressing traffic congestion.

6-4 Describe HEV and FCV operating principles.

7-1 Describe active and passive structures of vibration control, and give some examples.

7-2 Describe some celebrated smart materials briefly.

7-3 What is feedback and what is feed forward in control systems? Give main differences between them. 7-4 Describe various steps of the design of a controlled structure.

8-1Describe the phenomenons of dry friction and give some examples.

8-2Explain elastic contact with friction.

8-3Which properties do friction contacts distinguish with respect to?

8-4Explain the elastic foundation model in Fig.8-2-3.

9-1Explain Fig.9.1 a ~ d ( Companies in a monopolistic competition ).

9-2Explain Fig.9.2 (The “engine” enterprise ).

9-3Describe three dominating effects and the necessities implied.

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金属切削 metal cutting 机床 machine tool 金属工艺学 technology of me tals 刀具 cotter 摩擦 friction 联结 link 传动 drive/transmission 轴 shaft 弹性 elasticity 频率特性 frequency characte ristic 误差 error 响应 response 定位 allocation

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专业英语总结及论文

经济管理学院专业英语结课论文

一学习总结 1理论课程学习总结 人说,“走进大学就一只脚踏进了社会”,这句话没说错。上大学之前,我们有三分之二的时间在学校认真学习科学知识,缺乏自理能力,不懂人情世故。而上了大学之后,不仅要学习,还要管理好自己的生活、处理好与同学、老师的关系。所有这些都不是老师和爸妈能教会的,要靠自己在日常生活中不断的学习和总结经验教训。 在大学里,有些人刻苦专研专业知识,希望将来在专业方面有所突破或能继续深造;有些人则在学好功课的基础上,发现了自己某方面的潜力,比如:较强的社交能力、体育比较好等。而大学这样一个宽松的环境正为他们提供了一个实现自我的舞台。因此,在大学里,我们不仅可以更深入的学习科学知识,还可以在业余时间挖掘自身的潜力和增强自身的特长。但不管将来你从事什么工作,首先要学好英语和用好计算机,这是形势所迫,也是现实。随着现代化步伐的加快,计算机已经成为我们进行各项工作的主要工具,而学好英语是用好计算机的基础,以后走上工作岗位,不会英语和计算机,我们将寸步难行。 但有很多同学说,英语很难学,就是学不好。其实并不是不能学好,我认为没有学不会的东西,除非你不去努力或方法不对。说句实在话,学语言确实是一件比较困难的事,尤其是在一个没有相关语言环境的情况下去学。因为学语言包括听,说,读,写四个方面,要想做到这四个方面都强确实不容易。但我们可以先掌握好基础知识,再根据自己以后的发展方向决定在哪个方面进行提高。比如,你决定以后从事软件开发的工作,那你可以多看看这方面的英文版的书籍。 可是,尽管英语是如此的难学,很多同学还是不以为然。许多同学进入大学后就想着如何去玩,觉得初中、高中这六年憋得实在不行了。可是放松也要有限度,不能荒废了学业,难道辛辛苦苦考上大学就是来玩的吗?因此,当我们在享受大学生活给我们带来新鲜和刺激时,不要忘了花点时间去读读单词,看看英语文章。把英语学习当成一种乐趣,而不仅仅是应付学校的考试和通过四六级。 其次,就要说到计算机知识的学习了,对于我们信息管理专业来说,计算机就是我们谋生的工具。首先,我们应学会最基本的使用电脑的操作,如开机、关机、软件的安装、office的使用、电脑的日常维护等。此外,随着科学技术的日新月异的发展,网络在人们的生活中起着越来越重要的作用,不管是日常生活、交友、娱乐还是工作,人们越来越依赖于网络。因此我们还要学会上网,学会利

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