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备考2015吉林大学考博英语:看清翻译十大错误原由

备考2015吉林大学考博英语:看清翻译十大错误原由
备考2015吉林大学考博英语:看清翻译十大错误原由

备考2015吉林大学考博英语:看清翻译十大错误原由翻译的过程大致分为三步理解、表达与校正。理解原文是翻译最关键、最易出问题的一步。译文的模糊不清很多时候是源于译者对原文理解得不透彻、不仔细。理由可以从以下几个方面来考虑:

(1)搞清句子结构,辨别主语和谓语。抓住了句子的主干,各部分之间的从属关系也就看得比较清楚,有益于从整体把握句子。

(2)理解虚拟语气。虚拟语气是英语特有的一种表达方式,它包括对现在、未来、过去的假设,在英语中有多种表现,译成汉语时一定要弄清它的对象和范围,尽量把虚拟的意思传达出来。

(3)搞清楚关系。句中如果有代词,应根据上下文找出其所指代的内容,并将其准确地翻译出来。

(4)明白否定的方式。英语思维的特点也表现在它对否定式的用法上,中国读者往往容易在这里产生错误。例如All that glitters is not gold.(发光的未必都是金子)在这里是以全部否定的形式来表达部分否定的事实。英语也用双重否定表示肯定,这种现象英语中常见,汉语中并不常见,翻译时需要多加注意。联系我们扣扣:四九三三七一六二六。电话:四零零六六八六九七八

(5)一词多义。一词多义是很常见的现象。判断词义一定要根据上下文确定其具体的义,不能因为是过去认识的词便不加深究,便草率地按以前的理解翻译而产生错误。如Don’t worry about preparations for this year’s July Fourth parade.Everything is in apple pie order。(别担心今年国庆日游行的准备事宜,样样东西都弄妥当了)如按通常的理解以为apple是“苹果”的意思,就出错了。

(6)注意英国英语和美国英语的不同。英美语言之间有很多差异,比如

英国英语中continent指欧洲大陆,而在美语中,continent却指美洲大陆;又如英语中homely是“家常的、朴素的”的意思,并无贬义,在美语中却是“不漂亮的”。所以翻译时一定要搞清文章是英语作者还是美国作者写的。

(7)成语。成语具有约定俗成的特点,属于语言中较难理解的部分。英语的某些成语具有形象思维的特点,可以和汉语相吻合,比如Strike the iron as it is hot.(趁热打铁)但有一个成语的含义与我们的理解大相径庭,如Claw me and I will claw thee.(互相吹捧)所以翻译时一定要小心。

(8)语意的褒贬与轻重。翻译时还要注意词语的感情色彩,即它是褒、是贬,还是中性。这种感情色彩往往表明了作者的主观态度,好恶与爱憎。把握住它对于正确、传神的翻译是非常必要的。有时单凭个别词是难以判断的,还要根据上下文来判断,因为为达到讽刺的目的,作者可能正话反说或反话正说。

(9)注意文章的语体色彩。如果是专业文章,那么术语一定很多,叙述也较客观,少有个人色彩,翻译时应多选用正式的词语。如果是一般的叙述,则可能日常用语较多,小词和短语较多。翻译时也要注意这一点,以此来确定词语的选择。

(10)留心文化背景。中西文化的差异非常明显。比如,中国的亲戚划分非常仔细,而英文中的cousin一词对应的中文可以是表(堂)兄弟(姐妹),可以有八个词义之多。

希望同学们肯坚信自己的努力,遵循正确的方法,耐心认真地复习,取得考博考试的顺利

本文由“育明考博”整理编辑

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