2013年职称英语真题综合B(word完整版)

学派网2013年职称英语真题综合(B)

第1部分：词汇选项（第1-15题，每题1分，共15分）

下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1. Come out, or I’ll bust the door down.

A. shut

B. set

C. break

D. beat

2. The police will need to keep a wary eye on this area of town.

A. naked

B. cautious

C. blind

D. private

3. The rules are too rigid to allow for humane error.

A. general

B. complex

C. direct

D. inflexible

4. It seemed incredible that he had been there a week already.

A. right

B. unbelievable

C. obvious

D. unclear

5. These animals migrate south annually in search of food.

A. explore

B. travel

C. inhabit

D. prefer

6. Rumors began to circulate about his financial problems.

A. spread

B. send

C. hear

D. confirm

7. She came across three children sleeping under a bridge.

A. passed by

B. took a notice of

C. woke up

D. found by chance

8. I have little information as regards her fitness for the post.

A. at

B. with

C. about

D. from

9. As a politician, he knows how to manipulate public opinion.

A. influence

B. express

C. divide

D. voice

10. He was tempted by the high salary offered by the company.

A. taught

B. attracted

C. kept

D. changed

11. He paused, waiting for her to digest the information.

A. understand

B. withhold

C. exchange

D. contact

12. Make sure the table is securely anchored.

A. repaired

B. cleared

C. booked

D. fixed

13. She gets aggressive when she is drunk.

A. worried

B. sleepy

C. offensive

D. anxious

14. There was something peculiar in the way he smiles.

A. strange

B. different

C. wrong

D. funny

15. The contract between the two companies will expire soon.

A. shorten

B. start

C. resume

D. end

第2部分：阅读判断（第16-22题，每题1分，共7分）

Kicking the Habit

What is a bad habit? The most common definition is that it is something that we do regularly, almost without thinking about it, and which has some sort of negative consequence. This consequence could affect those around us, or it could affect us personally. Those who deny having bad habits are probably lying. Bad habits are part of what makes us human.

Many early habits, like sucking our thumb, are broken when we are very young. We are either told to stop doing it by our parents, or we consciously or subconsciously observe that others do not have the same habit, and we gradually grow out of it. It is when we intentionally or unintentionally pick up new habits in our later childhood or early adulthood that it becomes a problem. Unless we can break that habit early on, it becomes “programmed” into our brain.

A recent study of human memory suggests that no matter how hard we try to change our habits, it is the old ways that tend to win, especially in situations where we are rushed, stressed or overworked. Habits that we thought we had got rid of can suddenly come back. During the study programme, the researchers showed a group of volunteers several pictures, and gave them words to associate with them. They then showed the volunteers the same pictures again, and gave them new words to associate with them.

A few days later, the volunteers were given a test. The researchers showed them the pictures, and told them to respond with one of the words they had been given for each one. It came as no surprise that their answers were split between the first set of words and the second. Two weeks later, they were given the same test again. This time, most of them only gave the first set of words. They appeared to have completely forgotten the second set.

The study confirms that the responses we learn first are those that remain strongest over time. We may try to change our ways, but after a while, the response that comes to mind first is usually the first one we learned. The more that response is used, the more automatic it becomes and the harder it becomes to respond in any other way.

The study therefore suggests that over time, our bad habits also become automatic, learned behaviour. This is not good news for people who picked up bad habits early in life and now want to change or break them. Even when we try to put new, good intentions into practice, those previously learned habits remain stronger in more automatic, unconscious forms of memory.

16. Boys usually develop bad habits when they are very young.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. not mentioned

17. We can only break bad habits if others tell us to do so.

18. Bad habits may resume when we are under pressure.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. not mentioned

19. Researchers were surprised by the answers that the volunteers gave in the first test.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. not mentioned

20. The volunteers found the test more difficult when they did it the second time.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. not mentioned

21. The study suggests that it is more difficult to respond to what we learn first.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. not mentioned

22. If we develop bad habits early in life, they are harder to get rid of.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23-30题，每题1分，共8分）下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个最佳标题；（2）第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。

Traffic Jams —No End in Sight

1. Traffic congestion affects people throughout the world. Traffic jams cause smog in dozens of cities across both the developed and developing world. In the U.S., commuters spend an average of a full work week each year sitting in traffic, according to the Texas Transportation Institute. While alternative ways of getting around are available, most people still choose their cars because they are looking for convenience, comfort and privacy.

2. The most promising technique for reducing city traffic is called congestion pricing, whereby cities charge a toll to enter certain parts of town at certain times of day. In theory, if the toll is high enough, some drivers will cancel their trips or go by bus or train. And in practice it seems to work: Singapore, London and Stockholm have reduced traffic and pollution in city centers thanks to congestion pricing.

3. Another way to reduce rush hour traffic is for employers to implement flexitime, which lets employees travel to and from work at off-peak traffic times to avoid the rush hour. Those who have to travel during busy times can do their part by sharing cars. Employers can also allow more staff to telecommute (work from home) so as to keep more cars off the road altogether.

4. Some urban planners still believe that the best way to ease traffic congestion is to build more roads, especially roads that can take drivers around or over crowded city streets. But such techniques do not really keep cars off the road; they only accommodate more of them.

5. Other, more forward-thinking, planners know that more and more drivers and cars are taking to the roads every day, and they are unwilling to encourage more private automobiles when public transport is so much better both for people and the environment. For this reason, the American government has decided to spend some $7 billion on helping to increase capacity on public transport systems and upgrade them with more efficient technologies. But environmentalists complain that such funding is tiny compared with the $50 billion being spent on roads and bridges.

第4部分：阅读理解（第31-45题，每题3分，共45分）

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。

第一篇Operation Migration

If you look up at the sky in the early fall in the northern part of North America, you may see groups of birds. These birds are flying south to places where they can find food and warmth for the winter. They are migrating(迁徙). The young birds usually learn to migrate from their parents. They follow their parents south, in one unusual case, however, the young birds are following something very different. These birds are young whooping cranes, and they are following an airplane!

The young whooping crane is the largest bird that is native to North America. These birds almost disappeared in the 1800s. By 1941, there were only about 20 cranes alive. In the 1970s, people were worried that these creatures were in danger of disappearing completely. As a result, the United States identified whooping cranes as an endangered species that they needed to protect.

Some researchers tried to help. They began to breed whooping cranes in special parks to increase the number of birds. This plan was successful. There were a lot of new baby birds. As the birds became older, the researchers wanted to return them to nature. However, there was a problem: These young birds did not know how to migrate. They needed human help.

In 2001, some people had a creative Idea. They formed an organization called Operation Migration. This group decided to use very light airplanes, instead of birds, to lead the young whooping cranes on their first trip south. They painted each airplane to look like a whooping crane. Even the pilots wore special clothing to make them look like cranes. The cranes began to trust the airplanes, and the plan worked.

Today, planes still lead birds across approximately 1,200 miles (1,931 kilometers), from the United States-Canadian border to the Gulf of Mexico. They leave the birds at different sites. If a trip is successful, the birds can travel on their own in the future. Then, when these birds become parents, they will teach their young to migrate. The people of Operation Migration think this is the only way to maintain the whooping crane population.

Operation Migration works with several other organizations and government institutes. Together, they assist hundreds of cranes each year. However, some experts predict that soon, this won’t be necessary. Thanks to Operation Migration and its partners, the crane population will continue to migrate. Hopefully, they won’t need human help any mo re.

31. Whopping cranes migrate in winter to

A. raise baby whooping cranes.

B. get human help.

C. find warmth and food.

D. lay eggs.

32. Whopping cranes are native to

A. Mexico.

B. South America.

C. the Persian Gulf

D. North America.

33. Operation Migration aims to

A. lead young cranes on their first trip south.

B. teach adult cranes how to fly.

C. breed cranes in special parks.

D. transport cranes to the North.

34. The distance covered by the young whooping cranes on their trip south is

A. 1,200 miles.

B. 120 miles

C. 1,931 miles

D. 2,000 miles

35. If Operation Migration is successful, whooping cranes will

A. follow airplanes south every year.

B. learn to migrate on their own.

C. live in Canada all year round.

D. be unable to fly back.

第二篇"Lucky" Lord Lucan — Alive or Dead

On 8th November 1974 Lord Lucan, a British aristocrat, vanished. The day before, his children's nanny had been brutally murdered and his wife had been attacked too. To this day the British public are still interested in the murder case because Lucan has never been found. Now, over 30 years later, the police have reopened the case, hoping that new DNA techniques will help solve this murder mystery.

People suspected that "Lucky", as he was called by friends, wanted to kill his wife he no longer lived with. They say that Lucan entered his old house and in the dark, killed the nanny by mistake. His estranged wife heard noises, came downstairs and was also attacked, but managed to escape. Seven months after the murder, a jury concluded that Lucan had killed the nanny.

What happened next is unclear, but there are several theories which fall into one of three categories: he may have killed himself, he could have escaped or he might have been killed. It appears that the night after the murder, "Lucky" borrowed a car and drove it, Lucan's friend Aspinall said in an interview that he thought Lucan had committed suicide by sinking his boat in the English Channel.

Another version of events says that "Lucky" left the blood-soaked car on the coast and took a ferry to France. He was met there by someone who drove him to safety in another country. However, after a time, his rescuers became worried that they would become involved in the murder too and so Lucan was killed.

A further fascinating theory was made in the book Dead Lucky by Duncan MacLaughlin, a former detective. He believes that Lucan travelled to Goa, India, where he assumed the identity of a Mr Barry Haplin. Lucan then lived in Goa till his death in 1996. In the end the claim turned out to be a case of mistaken identity. The man who died in 1996 was really Haplin, an ex-schoolteacher turned hippy. So what is the truth about "Lucky"? DNA testing has solved many murder cases, but who knows if it can close the book on this one.

36. British public are still interested in the murder case because

A. the murderer was an aristocrat.

B. the murderer's DNA has been found.

C. the murderer was a famous man.

D. the murderer has not been caught

37. it was suspected that Lucan killed the nanny because

A. she was cruel to his children.

B. she attacked his wife.

C. she stole his car

D. she was mistaken for his wife.

38. Aspinall thought Lucan killed himself

A. by sinking his boat.

B. in a car accident.

C. on the night 30 years after the murder.

D. by jumping into the English Channel.

A. had escaped but was killed later

B. was involved in a murder in France.

C. was caught in another country.

D. met his partners on a ferry.

40. The word "assumed" in the last paragraph means

A. disclosed.

B. set up.

C. took on.

D. changed.

第三篇On the Trail of the Honey Badgers

On a recent field trip to the Kalahari Desert, a team of researchers learnt a lot more about honey badgers (獾). The team employed a local wildlife expert, Kitso Khama, to help them locate and follow the badgers across the desert. Their main aim was to study the badgers’ movements and behaviour as discreetly (谨慎地) as possible, without frightening them away or causing them to change their natural behaviour. They also planned to trap a few and study them close up before releasing them. In view of the animal’s reputation, this was something that even Khama was reluctant to do.

“T he problem with honey badgers is they are naturally curious animals, especially when they see something new,” he says. “that, combined with their unpredictable nature, can be a dangerous mixture. If they sense you have food, for example, they won’t be shy about coming right up to you for something to eat. They’re actually quite sociable creatures around humans, but as soon as they feel they might be in danger, they can become extremely vicious (凶恶的). Fortunately this is rare, but it does happen.”

The research confirmed many things that were already known. As expected, honey badgers ate any creatures they could catch and kill. Even poisonous snakes, feared and avoided by most other animals, were not safe from them. The researchers were surprised, however, by the animal’s fondness for local melons, probably because of their high water content. Previously researchers thought that the animal got all of its liquid requirements from its prey (猎物). The team also learnt that, contrary to previous research findings, the badgers occasionally formed loose family groups. They were also able to confirm certain results from previous research, including the fact that female badgers never socialized with each other.

Following some of the male badgers was a challenge, since they can cover large distances in a short space of time. Some hunting territories cover more than 500 square kilometers. Although they seem happy to share these territories with other males, there are occasional fights over an important food source, and male badgers can be as aggressive towards each other as they are towards other species.

As the badgers became accustomed to the presence of people, it gave the team the chance to get up close to them without being the subject of the animal’s curiosity —or their sudden aggression. The badgers’ eating patterns, which had been disrupted, returned to normal. It also allowed the team to observe more closely some of the other creatures that form working associations with the honey badger, as these seemed to adopt the badgers’ relaxed attitude when near humans.

41. Why did the wildlife experts visit the Kalahari Desert?

A. To observe how honey badgers behave.

B. To find where honey badgers live.

C. To catch some honey badgers for food.

D. To find out why honey badgers have a bad reputation.

42. What does Kitso Khama say about honey badgers?

A. They show interest in things they are not familiar with.

B. They are always looking for food.

C. They do not enjoy human company.

D. It is common for them to attack people.

43. What did the team find out about honey badgers?

A. There were some creatures they did not eat.

B. They were afraid of poisonous creatures.

C. They may get some of the water they needed from fruit.

D. Female badgers did not mix with male badgers.

44. Which of the following is a typical feature of male badgers?

A. They don’t run very quickly.

B. They hunt over a very large area.

C. They defend their territory from other badgers.

D. They are more aggressive than females

45. What happened when honey badgers got used to humans around them?

A. They became less aggressive towards other creatures.

B. They started eating more.

C. Other animals started working with them.

D. They lost interest in people.

第5部分：补全短文（第46-50题，每题2分，共10分）

下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章面貌。

The Tough Grass that Sweetens Our Lives

Sugar cane was once a wild grass that grew in New Guinea and was used by local people for roofing their houses and fencing their gardens. Gradually a different variety evolved which contained sucrose and was chewed on for its sweet taste. Over time, sugar cane became a highly valuable commercial plant, grown throughout the world. 46.

Sugar became a vital ingredient in all kinds of things, from confectionery to medicine, and, as the demand for sugar grew, the industry became larger and more profitable. 47. Many crops withered and di ed, despite growers’ attempts to save them, and there were fears that the health of the plant would continue to deteriorate.

In the 1960s, scientists working in Barbados looked for ways to make the commercial species stronger and more able to resist disease. They experimented with breeding programmes, mixing genes from the wild species of sugar cane, which tends to be tougher, with genes from the more delicate, commercial type.

48. This sugar cane is not yet ready to be sold commercially, but when this happens, it is expected to be incredibly profitable for the industry.

49. Brazil, which produces one quarter of the world's sugar, has coordinated an international project under Professor Paulo Arrudo of the Universidade Estaudual de Campinas in Sao Paulo. Teams of experts have worked with him to discover more about which parts of the genetic structure of the plant are important for the production of sugar and its overall health.

Despite all the research, however, we still do not fully understand how the genes function in sugar cane.

50. This gene is particularly exciting because it makes the plant resistant to rust, a disease which probably originated in India, but is now capable of infecting sugar cane across the world. Scientists believe they will eventually be able to grow a plant which cannot be destroyed by rust.

A. Unfortunately, however, the plant started to become weaker and more prone to disease.

B. Sugar cane was now much vigorous and the supply of sugar is therefore more guaranteed.

C. One major gene has been identified by Dr Angelique D'Hont and her team in Montpelier, France.

D. The majority of the world's sugar now comes from this particular commercial species.

E. Since the 1960s, scientists have been analysing the mysteries of the sugar cane's genetic code.

F. Eventually, a commercial plant was developed which was 5 percent sweeter than before, but also much stronger and less likely to die from disease.

第6部分：完形填空（第51-65题，每题1分，共15分）

下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。

is

参考答案

第1部分：词汇选项

1-5 CBDBB 6-10 ADCAB 11-15 ADCAD

第2部分：阅读判断

16-22 CBABCBA

第3部分：概括大意与完成句子

23-26 ACEF27-30 EDCF

第4部分：阅读理解

31-35 CDAAB 36-40 DDAAC 41-45 AACBD

第5部分：补全短文

46-50 DAFEC

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