SAP FICO 后台配置系列三：Period End Closing

FI后台配置系列三：PERIOD END CLOSING

这部分主要是月结要做的内容：

分成后台配置和前台操作两部分

后台配置：

- Valuating - define valuation areas, valuation methods & prepare automatic postings for foreign currency valuations.

- Regrouping - define valuation areas, define adjustment accounts for GR/IR clearing [for goods recd, invoice not recd etc],

- Documenting - define financial statement versions

- Reporting - sales/purchases tax returns etc

- CarryForwarding - define retained earnings account

前台操作：

- Check/Count - F.03 Comparison gives a list of differences due to documents not posted etc if any.

- Valuate - F.05 foreign currency valuation

- Regroup - F.19 GR/IR clearing

- Document - audit trails

- Report - Balance sheet, Profit & Loss etc

- Carrying Forward - F.16 balance carry forward

这里这本书里除了以上内容之外并没有任何的其他参考，只好免为其难的自己摸索一下了

Valuation

外币评估部分

系统之中有两类科目需要进行外币评估的

- Foreign currency balance sheet accounts, that is, the G/L accounts that you run in foreign currency.

The balances of the G/L accounts in foreign currency are valuated.

就是一些没有进行open items管理的bs类型的总账科目，如果使用外币记账，需要对bal进行评估

- Open items posted in foreign currency.

The line items in foreign currency are valuated.

进行open items管理的bs类型的总账科目，如果使用了外币记账，需要对行项目进行评估

更改记账汇率类型

路径：OBA7

SAP缺省用exchange rate type: M来value所有的外币行项目，我们察看document type的资料，注意default values这部分里面有个字段是ex. rate type for forgn crncy docs，所有的document type的这个字段都是空白的，这样SAP会用缺省的M来进行记账，如果需要修改的话，可以在这里填入你想要的rate type。见图78

定义valuation method

路径：OB59

系统预先定义了一些valuation method了，可以自己创建一些供自己公司使用，要以Z开头，图79，80

在做外币评估F.05的时候需要选择一个valuation method的

里面的字段大致说明一下：

valuation procedure部分

有几种方式

lowest value prncple

The valuation is only displayed if the valuation difference between the local currency amount and the valued amount is negative, that is an exchange rate loss has taken place. The valuation is calculated per item total. Items with invoice reference are viewed together.

就是只有汇兑损失的才进行，同一张invoice的items一起评估

strict lowest value principle

The valuation is only displayed if, as a consequence, the new valuation has a greater devaluation and/or a greater revaluation for credit entries than the previous valuation. The valuation is calculated per item total. Item s with the same invoice reference are viewed together.

好像同前一种差不多

always valuate

If you select this procedure, revaluations are also taken into consideration.

总是进行

revalue only

If you select this method, the system carries out evaluations only.

有盈才评估

Example: Foreign curr. Local cur.

1 100 USD 150 DEM

Valuation exch.rate 1.6 +10 DEM Revenue 10 DEM

2 -100 USD -150 DEM

Valuation exch. rate 1.6 (-10 DEM) No valuation due to expense

Valuation exch. rate 1.45 5 DEM Revenue 5 DEM

reset

If you select this parameter then the open items are valuated at the acquisition price. This way the valuation difference is set to zero. The old valuation method is reset. The account determination is reversed: The revenue that arises is posted to the expense account.

这个用来反冲之前做的评估，反冲之后valuation变成0

balance valuat.

If you select this parameter, open items are balanced per account or group and currency. The balance is valuated according to the valuation method. The valuation difference is posted as an expense or revenue (per account, only revenue OR expense).

If you do not select this parameter, the open items are summarized and valuated per reference number. If there is no reference number, each line item is valuated individually. The differences that arise are posted as an expense or revenue (per account, expense AND revenue).

如果选择这种这个，open items会基于科目的余额，就是合计来进行评估，差异将会记入预先定义的费用或者收入科目

如果没有选中，open items会根据reference number来汇总进行，如果没有reference number的话会单个进行。同样差异将会记入预先定义的费用或者收入科目。

Example: 3 line items: A, B and C

A Reference number 1 100 USD 190 DEM

B Reference number 1 30- USD 50- DEM

C No reference number 10 US

D 15 DEM

1) No balance valuation, lowest value principle, spot exchange rate 1.8 (没有选中的情况)

Total from A + B 70 USD 140 DEM Valuation difference 14- DEM

( 70 * 1.8 = 126 126 - 140 = - 14)

C 10 US

D 15 DEM No valuation, due to lowest value principle

( 10 * 1.8 = 18 18 - 15 = 3)

2) Balance valuation, lowest value principle, spot exchange rate 1.8 (选中bal. valuation) Total A - C 80 USD 155 DEM Valuation difference = 11- DEM

(80 * 1.8 = 144 - 155 = - 11)

The total is posted as an expense.

3) No balance valuation, revaluation and devaluation, spot exchange rate 1.8 (没有选中的情况，这是always的procedure)

Total A + B 70 USD 140 DEM valuation difference 14- DEM

( 70 * 1.8 = 126 126 - 140 = - 14)

C 10 US

D 15 DEN valuation difference +3 DEM

Postings, expense 14 DEM, revenue 3 DEM

post per line item

Normally the valuation results are posted in a summarized form. If you select this parameter, a line item is generated for each valuated item in the valuation posting as well as in the adjustment account, such as the expense or revenue account

valuation记账的时候是否为每个评估的科目一个行项目，没有选中会一笔记入费用和收入，不分科目

docum ent type

valuation记账的document type

exchange rate determination部分

exchrate type for devit bal

exchrate type for credit bal

分别定义科目余额为正负时候使用的exchange rate type

determine rate from account balance

If you select this field, the account balance/group balance in the relevant foreign currency is used to determine the exchange rate type.

exch. rate type from invoice reference

If you select this field, the balance per invoice reference number and currency is considered for the exchange rate type determination.

lily_google 上传了这个附件：

2008-7-24 09:33

2008-7-24 09:33

2008-7-24 09:33

接下去要定义外币评估的automatic posting

路径：OBA1

这一个KDF, 见图81-83

需要为每个需要做外币评估的总账科目定义相关的automatic posting的科目图83 分别有realized的科目loss , gain

是在open items清账时候汇兑差异记账的科目

valuation部分是月结外币评估时候用的汇兑差异loss, gain, adjustment

lily_google 上传了这个附件：

2008-7-24 09:34

81.GIF (33.72 KB)

2008-7-24 09:34

2008-7-24 09:34

Regrouping - define valuation areas, define adjustment accounts for GR/IR clearing [for goods recd, invoice not recd etc]

路径：OBYP

定义GR/IR的调整科目，做balance sheet试算表的时候需要把invoiced but not yet delivered 和delivered but not yet invoiced分出来，这时候就需要做一些regrouping的工作。

invoiced but not yet delivered BNG

delivered but not yet invoiced GNB

操作也同其他automatic posting一样，见图84-86

reconciliation account是vendor的统驭科目，

需要为每个统驭科目定义

adjustment account

This account is displayed in the balance sheet/ profit and loss statement together with the account to be adjusted.

这个是统驭科目调整科目

target account

Account to which the amount is to be posted and by which the balance of the specified account is to be adjusted.

这是统驭科目调整科目的offsetting科目

lily_google 上传了这个附件：

2008-7-24 09:35

84.GIF (24.77 KB)

2008-7-24 09:35

85.GIF (24.06 KB)

2008-7-24 09:35

86.GIF (22.32 KB)

Documenting - define financial statement versions

定义financial statement versions，也就是定义试算表和损益表的各个item的组成科目基本没有什么特别的，按照自己所需要的报表定义就行了

lily_google 上传了这个附件：2008-7-24 09:35

87.GIF (45.68 KB)

2008-7-24 09:35

2008-7-24 09:35

CarryForwarding - define retained earnings account 定义存留收益科目

年结的时候损益科目需要结存移转，这里定义转入的科目

路径：OB53

至少要定义一个X的account type的转入科目，可以定义多个，再做年结的时候使用

图90

lily_google 上传了这个附件：

2008-7-24 09:36

90.GIF (18.79 KB)

接下去是前台的了

- Check/Count - F.03 Comparison gives a list of differences due to documents not posted etc if any.

- Valuate - F.05 foreign currency valuation

- Regroup - F.19 GR/IR clearing

- Document - audit trails

- Report - Balance sheet, Profit & Loss etc

- Carrying Forward - F.16 balance carry forward

基本都是一个program，暂时没有数据，暂时不玩这些了，先把配置做完先