The Characteristics of English Idioms and Proverbs

The Characteristics of English Idioms and Proverbs

A. The characteristics of English idioms

Every language has its own vivid and colorful idioms, they were created by people when using for a long time. It has deep nation history and local color. but it also has a long history. Idioms are common used in folk and established in use. It is said that the characteristics of the sentence pattern always appears in word phrase sentence, as one of the language branch .The idioms always appear in phrase but not sentence. The fixity of its form and the globosity of its meaning shows that we can?t change its structure and

take apart it

1. Simple but rich

It is not of imposing stature but is strong and capable. Most of the idioms were hand down by ancient dialect. Because of its long history, it forms a knowledge form in a long time accumulation and purify. Looked from the number of words. The idiom number of words are generally less, often has "four characters idioms" in Chinese the name. But its unit although small, the capacity is actually big, brief several characters, Actually is in the language each rhetoric method centralism manifests, can vivid say the people live the true meaning, the meaning is profound. The idiom terse and forceful, brief and to the point, the

structure compact, the connotation is rich.

There is a story. An overseas student read book near an window in America. She heard somebody shouted: “look out”, she think that they others said leave something outside, she put her head out of the window. a spanner dropped down. It smashed her by inches. She is angry and afraid. A man was mending the roof and said “Didn?t you hear me call …look out?”, she answered …Yes?, and that?s what I did”. In this idiom, It has several means, as: look something out of the window, be careful of, take care of. From this, we can see that English idioms just composed of by sever word, but difficulty to understand, much more use. When learning it, we should find out the different meaning in essay, if we were not sure about the meaning, we should look it out in dictionary. we come across some difficult when use at the first several times. but we should learn ahead and don?t give up.

Persevering a period, we can understand it and use it accurate.

2. Harmonious phonology

As times go on, the idiom formed simple, but it has its own rhyme. The idiom is the people since long ago the fixed phrase that forms in the practice foundation. Most of the part care about the rhythm by using the sound harmony to strengthen the function of read and recite. For example, in Chinese many four characters idiom always melodious in the tonality. With the sound, the rhyme enhances the lingering charm to make it easy to read

and easy to understand, and study phonology of idioms is harmonious. It can be able to read aloud easily and fluently, as following English idioms: at sixes and sevens(alliteration),七上八下; A friend in need is a friend indeed ( feet), 患难见真情;

through thick and thin (alliteration), 不计甘苦; tit for tat (alliteration), 针锋相对.

3. Vivid metaphor

Idiom is a language form that rich in vivid color, it contains a lot of metaphor. Those meaning is obvious or connotation. It always has another meaning, so it arouse reader?s imagination. Though some idioms don?t have metaphor or imagination, but its meaning easy to understand. Sometimes in order to explain one thing ,we are always use lots of words. Using some idioms, maybe it can play the role which adds the finishing touch. such as in the Scholars : 这位小姐，德行温良，才貌出众，鲁老先生和夫人因无子息，爱如掌上明珠，the translation is ，“I know the young lady ,and she is virtuous, gentle and beautiful.

Because Mr. And Mrs. Lu have no son, this girl is the apple of their eyes.” In the ancient ,the people think that the pupil just like a pple, so it was translated into “apple of the eyeｓ”.such several words, but give people deep impression. such as the translation of “少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲”,somebody translated into “If you neglect study when you are young, what may happen to your old age.” This sen tence will make foreigners hard to understand. they don?t have the ideas of “学而优则仕”,and they don?t think if you study bad ,you will feel sad. They always warn their children studying hard can lead you brighter. From this, we can realize that the idiom metaphor is vivid, so when we use it, we should translate it based on the essay, according to context to understand it.

B. The characteristics of English proverbs

There are many rhetoric techniques in English proverbs, for instant: simile, metaphor, metonymy, synecdoche, personification, antithesis, contrast, repetition, alliteration, rhythm and so on. These rhetoric techniques make the form of English proverbs terse, the

content rich, and the meaning deep.

As we know, the figures can be divided into two kinds, one is on the language (about vocabulary and sentence); the other is on the thought (about material and condition). The first kind includes antithesis, contrast, repetition, alliteration, rhythm and so on; and the second one includes simile, metaphor, metonymy, synecdoche, personification etc.

1. Concise and clear

Proverb is one form of idiom, and it is fix in the structure .Proverb use the least words but express the rich meaning. For example: Death pays no debts, 一了百了; Time and tide wait for no man, 岁月不待人; Clothes make the man人靠衣装马靠鞍. Compare with the Chinese which emphasize in the use of synonym, English proverb pays more attention to the repetition of words, such as: Let bygones be bygones, 过去的就让它过去吧; Such carpenters，such chips, 什么木匠出什么活; Grasp all，lose all, 样样都要，

全部失掉.

Along with the increase of practice activity and the accumulation of life experience. people come to realize that more and more conflicts and things ,such as true and false, beauty and ugly. those things and phenomenon embody in the proverbs. For instance, it takes two to make a quarrel, 一个巴掌拍不响; a bird in the hand is worth two in the bush, 一鸟

在手胜于二鸟在林.

2. Symmetrical sentence pattern

In the match of sentence, the proverb has an obvious characteristics, that is sentence pattern is symmetrical. No matter in sight or language sense, it always appear in harmonious and unity. For example: easy come，easy go, 来得容易去得快; no pains，no gains, 不劳无获; all shall be well，Jack shall have Jill, 有情人终成眷属.

The two part of the proverbs not only symmetrical in structure ,but also the word type is similar, and the syllable is the same. Some of them use the similar thing to replenish each other; the others use the completely different to forms strong contrast. moreover ,some proverbs use the harmony to have the syllable well proportioned, and full of music beauty. The alliteration of English proverbs, such as: dumb dogs are dangerous, 哑巴狗最危险; many men，many minds, 人多心不齐. The feet (or vowel' assonance) of English proverbs,

such as: seeing is believing, 眼见为实.

3. Rich and varied rhetoric

There are many rhetoric techniques in English proverbs, for instant: repetition, antithesis,

metaphor and so on..

Repetition is once again. the one that repeated has the deeper meaning and strengthen the tone. such as: soon ripe soon rotten, 熟得快，烂得快; out of debt，out of danger, 无债一身轻; Diamond cut diamond，crook cut crook, 棋逢对手.

The use of antithesis can make sentence harmonious and symmetrical, and make know the dialectic relationship among things, such as: where there's smoke，there's fire, 无风不起浪; it never rains but it pours, 不雨则已，一雨倾盆; waste not，want not, 俭以防匮.2 the use of metaphor is more common, it makes sentence more active and turn to life. Love me，love my dog, 爱屋及乌; never offer to teach fish to swim,不要班门弄斧.

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