2016年浙江新高考《考试说明》英语写作样题
2016年浙江新高考《考试说明》英语写作样题
第一节：应用文写作（满分15分）
假定你是李明。上周末学生会组织部分学生去附近社区进行了一次义务劳动，受到居民的欢迎。请你给校园英文报写一篇报导。活动内容包括：
1.打扫卫生；
2.浇灌花木；
3.帮老人干家务。
注意：
1.词数80左右，题目已为你写好；
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Students’Voluntary Work in a Neighbourhood
第二节：读后续写（满分25分）
阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
A funny thing happened to Arthur when he was on the way to work one day. As he walked along Park Avenue near the First National Bank, he heard the sound of someone trying to start a car. He tried again and again but couldn’t get the car moving. Arthur stopped and asked, “It looks like you’ve got a problem, ” Arthur said.
“ I’m afraid so. I’m in a big hurry and I can’t start my car.”
“Is there something I can do to help?”Arthur asked. The young man looked at the two suitcases in the back seat and then said, “Thanks. If you’re sure it wouldn’t be too much trouble, you could help me these suitcases into a taxi.”
“ No trouble at all. I’d be glad to help.”
The young man got out and took one of the suitcases from the back seat. After placing it on the ground, he turned to get the other one. Just as Arthur picked up the first suitcase and started walking, he heard the long loud noise of an alarm.
It was from the bank. There had been a robbery(抢劫)！
Park Avenue had been quiet a moment before. Now the air was filled with the sound of the alarm and the shouts of people running from all directions. Cars stopped and a passengers joined the crowd in front of the bank. People asked each other, “What happened?” But everyone had a different answer.
Arthur, still carrying the suitcase, turned to look at the bank and walked right into the young woman in front of him.
She looked at the suitcase and then at him. Arthur was surprised. “ Why is she looking at me like that?” He thought. “ The suitcase! She thinks I’m the bank thief!”
Arthur looked around at the crowd of people. He became frightened, and without another thought, he started to run.
注意：
1. 所叙写短文的词数应为150左右；
2. 应使用5个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
4. 续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1:
As he was running, Arthur heard the young man shouting behind, “Stop, stop!”
Paragraph 2:
The taxi stopped in front of the Police Station and Arthur…
第二节：概要写作（满分25分）
阅读下面短文，根据内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing. However, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.
In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out.
Though the belief in the merit(好处) of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War II. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea: clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far?
Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease. On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunologist(免疫学家)，encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter（后者）position is gaining some ground.
【范文点拨】
原文所给关键词分类：
地点：Park Avenue, the bank
人物：The young man, people, the bank thief
事件：suitcases, in the back seat, loud noise of an alarm, robbery, the shouts
在续写时，除了注意原文给出的关键词，还需要注意以下线索：
1. Why did the young man look worried?
2. What happened? But everyone had a different answer.
3. Arthur became frightened and without another thought, he started to run.
二、题型解读
1.题型介绍
◆选材特点
（1）所需阅读的短文词数在350以内；
（2）多以记叙文故事类文章或者夹叙夹议类文章为主，故事情节有曲折、有起伏，但是，故事线索的逻辑性比较强。
◆评分参考
阅卷时主要考虑以下内容：
（1）与所给短文及段落开头语的衔接程度；
（2）内容的丰富性和对所给关键词语的覆盖情况；
（3）应用语法结构和词汇的丰富性和准确性；
（4）上下文的连贯性。
注意：
（1）所续写短文的词数应为150左右（词数少于130的，从总分中减去2分）；
（2）应使用5个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
（3）续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
（4）续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
2.考查能力
读后续写是一种将阅读与写作紧密结合的考查形式，旨在考查学生的综合语言运用能力。与应用文不同，故事续写除了要求学生掌握丰富的词汇和句式外，还注重学生的内容构思和情节衔接的能力。主要聚焦在以下四个方面：
一是把握短文关键信息和语言特点的能力。学生需要了解给定短文的主要内容，清楚其关键词和语言结构的使用情况，并通过续写短文表现出来。
二是语言运用的准确性和丰富性。期望学生在词汇和语言结构的使用方面准确、恰当，能够根据内容需要使用较为高级的词汇和语言结构，阅卷老师会感觉这个学生很有水平。
三是对语篇结构的把控能力。考查学生对上下文逻辑关系的掌握情况，希望学生续写的短文语句连贯、有序。
四是创造性思维能力。这是对学生续写短文内容得要求，期望学生续写的短文具有较丰富的内容。该试题具有一定的开放性，要求学生详细和生动地描述情景、态度和感情，符合课程标准的要求和学生的能力水平（刘庆思，陈康，2016）。
3. 续写特点
读后续写，简言之，就是阅读完一篇还未写完的文章之后，根据要求和提示把这篇文章未写完部分补充完整，使之浑然一体。它一方面很好地考查考生对所学语言知识的实际运用能力，而另一方面，它也培养学生的发散思维能力。根据《考试说明》该部分的规定，考生在续写文章时，要注意续写部分“与所给短文及段落开头语的衔接程度”，“内容的丰富性和对所标出关键词语的应用情况”，“应用语法结构和词汇的丰富性和准确性”以及“上下文的连贯性”。根据这些规定，我们会发现读后续写有如下特点：
（1）读后续写不是随心所欲，是要在引导语（开头语）和提示词的帮助下完成续写部分。如《考试说明》样题中规定“应使用5个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语（10处）”。这些关键词语类似于传统写作中的要点提示，如人物、地点、事件，但是不同点在于这些关键词语并不是全用。这样考生可根据自己的理解有很大的自主权。另外，所续写部分不能脱离各自段落的首句开头语，即：不能另起炉灶。这些开头语与传统写作中的开头语类似，在某种程度上引导你的思路向哪方面发展。
（2）续写短文多以记叙文故事类文章或者夹叙夹议类文章为主，故事情节有曲折、有起伏，但是，故事线索的逻辑性比较强。这样考生能够根据提示词语，顺着原来文章的思路续写文章，并适当发散。
（3）读后续写要求读写并重。与阅读理解题一样，读后续写同样需要对本篇文章精确理解，这样所续写部分才不至于偏离主题，就这方面而言有点类似阅读理解题中对文章后续发展的推断，如“Whatwould happen next?”。
（4）所给文章的未完部分的思路和内容并不一定是唯一的，考生可以根据自己对文章的理解，从而对文章的结尾有不同的诠释。如《考试说明》中读后续写的样题的结尾，考生可以理解为这个年轻人是银行抢劫者，而Arthur因此成为一个大英雄；考生也可以理解为这个年轻人不是一个银行抢劫者，结果产生了误会。
4. 续写步骤
（1）精读文章，确定文章线索。每篇文章都有各自独特的写作思路，通过精读文章，找到该篇文章的写作线索，如是以时间为线索还是以空间为线索等，这样有利于考生“顺藤摸瓜（结尾）”。
（2）仔细审题，明确续写要求。一般短文后面的“注意”都有对此次短文续写的具体要求，如字数限制、使用几处下划线关键词语、续写段落的首句提示，这样考生做到“心中有数”。
（3）回扣原文，揣摩续写思路。根据文章后面的要求，再次快速回读短文，抓住文章的思路，结合段首的提示语，最终确定续写段落的思路，同时结合文章划线词语提示，确定续写段落的内容。
（4）拟写草稿，修改错词病句。在确定了思路和内容之后，最关键的就是结合提示语或者文中划线的关键词拟写草稿。拟写时，注意句子结构的多样性，语言的丰富性，并通过句与句之间连接词的正确使用，使上下文连贯。
（5）标出续写部分中使用到的原材料中标有下划线的关键词语。这一点可以帮助考生自己检查关键词的使用情况并根据情况做出修改。最后在誊写文字时，务必做到“字迹工整、清晰”。
5. 备考建议
面对读后续写这一新写作题型，在了解了其特点和写作技巧之后，考生只要加以适度练习，对此新题型可以做到得心应手。
1. 充分利用记叙文故事类的阅读理解或者完形填空。考生在做此类文章的试题时，读到适当的位置，可以短暂停止，根据已读部分文章的脉络，对文章进行发散思维，设想可能的几种结尾，最后对照原文的结尾，看自己的设想是否与原文一致。
2. 经常实施微型化训练，也就是对所读文章的某一段落进行设想。根据某一段落的首句提示，结合文章的上文对该段进行合理设想，具体推断该段可能要讲述的内容。
3. 与传统写作类似，续写文章更加要注意句与句之间的连接词，甚至是冠词的暗示作用。如《考试说明》的样题中续写部分的第二段“the Police Station”中的“the”表明在上一段中已经提到，同时后面的and表明前后之间是并列关系。
4. 进行适度专题化练习。俗话说，熟能生巧。对于读后续写这一新题型也是如此。通过适度地练习，可以进一步熟知该种题型的特色，更好地掌握该种题型的写作技巧，更有效地调动传统写作的基础知识，从而写出一篇优美的续写短文。需要注意的是，后续写补全的是语篇，而非单词或短语。
5. 在平时的教学中，老师要帮助学生释放创造力和想象力，激发表达动机。
综合以上分析可知，新高考更加重视考查考生高中阶段英语基本技能的掌握情况，也注意考查考生进入高等学校继续学习的潜能，目标是利用高考命题的导向功能推动新课程的课堂教学改革。
One possible version：
Last weekend，some students took part in an activity organized by the Students' Union .They did some voluntary work in a nearby neighbourhood．Once they got there,they divided themselves into small groups to do different jobs.Some swept the floors;some watered the flowers and plants;Some helped the eldly do the housework．
The activity was much praised by the neighbourhood and the students also enjoyed it .They got to know the society better and learned how to help people around .
One possible version：
Last weekend，some students took part in an activity organized by the Students' Union .They did some voluntary work in a nearby neighbourhood．Once they got there,they divided themselves into small groups to do different jobs.Some swept the floors;some watered the flowers and plants;Some helped the eldly do the housework．
The activity was much praised by the neighbourhood and the students also enjoyed it .They got to know the society better and learned how to help people around .
One possible version：
Last weekend，some students took part in an activity organized by the Students' Union .They did some voluntary work in a nearby neighbourhood．Once they got there,they divided themselves into small groups to do different jobs.Some swept the floors;some watered the flowers and plants;Some helped the eldly do the housework．
The activity was much praised by the neighbourhood and the students also enjoyed it .They got to know the society better and learned how to help people around .
One possible version：
As he was running, Arthur heard the young man shouting behind, “Stop, stop!” And al so at the moment, Arthur suddenly realized that the young man might be the bank robber. So Arthur didn’t stop, but continued to run until he saw a taxi. He stopped it, jumped in with the suitcase an d said to the driver, “Go to the police station, please. The man shouti ng behind is the bank thief!’’ The taxi raced away like the wind.
The taxi stopped in front of the Police Station and Arthur told the police what had ha ppened. Obviously, the police had already learned about the robbery. They opened the suit case and there was a large sum of money inside, as Arthur had expected. Then the police asked Arthur to describe the young man and the other suitcase. Later, with the informati on, the police caught the robber. The police and the bank both thanked Arthur a lot. (Wor ds 153)
Another possible version：
As he was running, Arthur heard the young man shouting behind, “Stop, stop!”Thinkin g of the way the young man had behaved, he realized the young man might be the bank r obber. So Arthur ran faster and stopped a taxi. The moment he got into the taxi, he told the driver the man shouting behind was the bank thief and asked him to drive to the nea rest police station. The driver followed what Arthur said and drove away.
The taxi stopped in front of the Police Station and Arthur thanked the driver and direc tly went in. Just as Arthur was describing what had happened near the bank on the Park A venue and reported the young man to the police, he heard a v oice outside, “Help! Hel
p!” To the surprise of Arthur, it was the young man. He had followed Arthur in another t axi. It turned out that the young man was innocent and inside the suitcases were just som e clothes. Arthur felt embarrassed but the policemen thanked him anyway.(Words: 158)
One possible version:
People have mixed opinions towards dirt on our skin. (要点1)For a long time in history, people of some European countries , such as France, believed that dirt protected people from getting ill. (要点2)However, people began to change their attitudes to dirt about 200 years ago. People have been told that washing dirt off our body can keep us healthy. (要点3)However, some scientists believe that exposure to some dirt may help our immune system. （要点4）
People have mixed opinions towards dirt on our skin. For a long time in history, people of some European countries, such as France, believed that dirt protected people from getting ill. However, people began to change their attitudes to dirt about 200 years ago. People have been told that washing dirt off our body can keep us healthy. However, some scientists believe that exposure to some dirt may help our immune system. （72 words）
One possible version:
People have mixed opinions towards dirt on our skin. (要点1)For a long time in history, people of some European countries , such as France, believed that dirt protected people from getting ill. (要点2)However, people began to change their attitudes to dirt about 200 years ago. People have been told that washing dirt off our body can keep us healthy. (要点3)However, some scientists believe that exposure to some dirt may help our immune system. （要点4）
People have mixed opinions towards dirt on our skin. For a long time in history, people of some European countries, such as France, believed that dirt protected people from getting ill. However, people began to change their attitudes to dirt about 200 years ago. People have been told that washing dirt off our body can keep us healthy. However, some scientists believe that exposure to some dirt may help our immune system. （72 words）