2018届高三英语一模汇编

2018届高三英语一模汇编----阅读理解C

【黄浦区】

Section B

Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

( C )

①Australians have long been known for having a relaxed and casual attitude to life. According to Dr Tanya King, senior lecturer from Victoria’s Deakin University, “It’s Australians’egalitarianism, sense of humor and informal language that are most commonly mentioned as examples of this attitude”.

②Egalitarianism roots in the way that the nation was built. In Australia’s founding era in the late 1700s, criminal settlers were often cruelly treated and robbed of their basic human rights by governors. The criminal class, who were mostly working-class Brits and Irish, was unable to seek civic positions that were reserved for immigrants who were not the criminal, with the latter arguing that i f criminals gained equal rights it would be ‘rewarding criminality’. Because of this, an egalitarian spirit was worn as a symbol of honor by many criminal settlers. They may not have had power, education or wealth, but they had a shared belief in equality.

③The informal way Australians use language is also believed to root in criminal times. Philologist Sidney Baker once wrote that ‘no other class would have a better talent for creating new terms to fit in with their new conditions in life’. Cockney rhyming slang brought over by the British working class was abbreviated even further –so ‘have a Captains Cook’ (have a look), became ‘avacaptains’. This same practice was used to economize ordinary clauses. Words like ‘good day’ became ‘g’day’, and barbecue was‘barbie’.

④The tough conditions of settler times also played a part in Australians’dry, self-criticizing and sarcastic （讽刺的）sense of humor. While in many countries it’s considered poor taste to find humor in difficult circumstances, Australians tend to look at the lighter side. On one road trip, as I hit the state line and entered Victoria, I drove past some blackened trees, the leftovers of a recent bush fire. A road sign warning drivers about wildlife was half-melted and bent, but the shape of a hopping kangaroo was still distinct. Behind the figure, someone had drawn flames making it look as though the animal’s tail was on fire. I couldn’t help but laugh – it was a brilliant reminder of the country’s‘nothing upsets us’ and anti-authoritarian attitude.

⑤And one thing you can’t help but notice when driving around Australia is the country’s plentiful amounts of space. This, along with considerable leisure time plus favorable climate, all contribute to Australians’relaxed attitude.

63. The underlined wor d “egalitarianism” is closest to __________ in meaning.

A. criminality C. equality

64. Which of the following is a feature of the way Australians use language

A. They use more slangs than other people.

B. They give new meanings to existent words.

C. They favour shortened forms of expressions.

D. They coin terms in memory of criminal times.

65. What can be inferred from paragraph 4

A. Kangaroos’ living conditions are getting tougher.

B. Forest fires threaten Australians’ life to a great extent.

C. Potential danger is here and there on the roads in Victoria.

D. Australians’ jokes may not be as careless as they seem on the surface.

66. The passage mainly talks about __________.

A. how the late 1700s impacted Australia

B. why Australians enjoy casual life so much

C. what contributes to Australians’ relaxed lifestyle

D. how Australians present their attitude towards life

答案;63-66 CCDD

【虹口区】

Section B

Directions:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

(C)

Crude awakening

A battle between two energy exchanges

[1] OPEN-OUTCRY trading is supposed to be an odd, outdated practice, rapidly being replaced by sleeker, cheaper electronic systems. Try telling that to the New York Mercantile Exchange(NYMEX), the world’s largest commodities exchange. On November 1st the NYMEX opened an open-outcry pit (公开叫价交易厅）in Dublin to handle Brentcrude futures（布伦特原油期货）, the benchmark （基准）contract for pricing two-thirds of the world’s oil.

[2] The NYMEX is trying to grab liquidity from London’s International Petroleum Exchange (IPE), which trades the most Brent contracts; the New York exchange has so far concentrated on West Texas Intermediate, an American benchmark grade. The new pit is a response to the IPE’s efforts to modernise. On the same day as NYMEX traders started shouting Brent prices in Dublin, the IPE did away with its morning open-out cry session: now such trades must be electronic, or done in the pit after lunch.

[3] The New York exchange claims that customers, such as hedge funds (对冲基金) or energy companies, prefer open-outcry because it allows for more liquidity. Although most other exchanges are heading in the opposite direction, in commodity markets such as the NYMEX, pressure from “locals”--self-employed traders—is helping to support open-outcry, although some think that customers pay up to five times as much as with electronic systems. Even the IPE has no plans to close its floor. Only last month it signed a rental agreement, lasting until2017, for its trading floor in London.

[4] Dublin’s new pit is “showing promise”, says Rob Laughlin, a trader with Man Financial, despite a few technical glitches. On its first day it handled 5,726 lots of Brent(each lot, or contract, is 1,000 barrels), over a third of the volume in the IPE’ s new morning electronic session. By the year’s end, predicts Mr Laughlin, it should be clear whether the venture will be feasible. It would stand a better chance if it moved to London. It may yet: it started in Ireland because regulatory approval could be obtained faster there than in Britain.

[5] In the long run having both exchanges offering similar contracts will be unsustainable (不可持续的). Stealing liquidity from an established market leader, as the NYMEX is trying to do, is a hard task. Eurex, Europe’s largest futures exchange, set up shop in Chicago this year, intending to grab American Treasury-bond contracts from the Chicago Board of Trade. It has made little progress. And the NYMEX has tried to get Brent contracts before, without success.

[6] Given the importance of liquidity in exchanges, why do the IPE and the NYMEX not work together There have been talks about cooperation before, and something might yet happen. Some say that the freewheeling NYMEX and the more serious IPE could never mix. For now, in any case, the two exchanges will compete until one has won --across the Irish Sea as well as across the Atlantic.

63. According to the text, the NYMEX and IPE are __________.

A. both using open outcry trading as a major trading form

B. partners that benefit each other in their business activities

C. rivals that are competing in the oil trading market

D. both taking efforts to modernize their trading practice

64. The word “glitches” in Line 2, Paragraph 4most probably means __________.

A. backwardness C. engineers

65. From Paragraph 4 we can infer that __________.

A. trading volume in the IPE’s new morning electronic session is falling

B. London is a better business location for energy exchanges than Dublin

C. Britain’s regulators are less efficient than those of Ireland

D. the Dublin pit of the NYMEX will be more prosperous next year

66. We can draw a conclusion from the text that__________.

A. it’s very u nlikely that the NYMEX and the IPE could combine their businesses

B. the NYMEX will fail in Ireland as many precedents have shown

C. the two energy exchanges will figure out a way to cooperate with each other

D. the market environment for both energy exchanges is getting better

答案：63-66: C D B A

【浦东新区】

Section B

Directions:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information givenin the passage you have just read.

C）

Dental health: Brush with confidence

Children should be taught to brush their teeth regularly. But the suspicion remains among some People, dentists included, that even so, certain children are doomed to develop dental cavities. The hypothesis behind this fear is that some combinations of genes may give rise to the sorts of oral bacteria which are responsible for cavities. If true, that would be sad for the youngsters concerned. But a study just published in Cell Host and Microbe, by Andres Gomez and Karen Nelson of the J. Craig Venter Institute, in San Diego, suggests it isn’t true.

The mouth is home to many species of microbes. Most are good. Some, though, are well known to secrete acidic waste products when fed sugar. This acidity weakens teeth, causing them to decay. To try to find out whether a child’s genes play any role in encouraging such acid-secreting bugs, Dr. Gomez and Dr Nelson set up an experiment with twins.

Their “volunteers” were 280 pairs of fraternal twins and 205 pairs of identical twins, all aged between five and 11, who had not taken antibiotics during the previous six months. The children were asked to stop brushing their teeth the evening and the morning before the crucial moment of data collection. This was when the researchers swabbed the children’s gingival sulci（the clefts between teeth and gums, in which bacteria collect）to find out what was there. The children also had their teeth scored by dentists as belonging to one of three categories: having no signs of current or previous dental cavities: having signs of current or previous cavities affecting the enamel（a tooth’s hard, outer layer）; or having signs of cavities that penetrated the enamel and affected the underlying dentine as well.

Dr Gomez and Dr Nelson found that, though identical twins shared many groups of bacteria which were not shared by fraternal twins, none of these was a type responsible for cavities. Moreover, similarities in bacterial flora were greatest among five-to seven-year-olds, weaker among seven- to-nine-year-olds and weakest among nine-to 11-year-olds. This suggests that any role genes do play in regulating the mouth’s ecology fades with time.

Far from supporting the idea that some children are fated to suffer from cavities no matter how well they brush their teeth, these results make it clear that the power to control the growth of the relevant bacteria is very much within reach of children and their parents. Brushing, however, may not be the only approach. Avoiding sugary foods is obviously de rigueur. It seems likely, though, that which other foods a child eats may help shape his oral ecosystem, too. This is an area of on going research. But, as in the intestines（肠道）, so in the mouth, scientific medicine is at last coming to grips with the fact that the mixture of microbes present is both important and capable of manipulation, to the benefit of the host.

does “hypothesis” refer to in paragraph 1

’s failure to brush their teeth properly leads to tooth decay.

children are programmed to develop tooth decay.

are suspicious of the effectiveness of tooth-brushing.

are more likely to lead to dental cavites.

Gomez and Dr Nelson conducted an experiment to find out .

genes have anything to do with dental decay

group of twins are more likely to have decayed teeth

kinds of foods tend to give rise to tooth decay

the ecosystem of the intestines is similar to that of the mouth

of the following statements is UNTRUE according to the passage

are not yet sure how ecosystem of the mouth is formed.

role genes play in controlling ecosystem of the mouth weakens with the time.

children are classified into three groups according to the degrees of dental cavities.

twins are not as genetically close to each other as fraternal twins.

can we learn from the last paragraph

existence of multiple microbes benefits children’s oral ecosystem.

a child eats enhances the healthfulness of a child’s oral ecosystem.

down on sugar intake is the most likely way to prevent tooth decay.

are in no position to help their children maintain healthy oral ecosystem.

答案：63-66 DADA

【长宁区】

Section B

Directions: Read the following three passages. Eachpassage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each ofthem there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits bestaccording to the information given in the passage you have just read.

( C )

Many United States companies have made the search for legalprotection from import competition into a major line of work. Since 1980, theUnited States International Trade Commission (ITC) has received about 280complaints alleging damage from imports that benefit from subsidies(补贴) by foreigngovernments. Another 340 charge that foreign companies “dumped”their products in the United States at “less than fair value.”Even when nounfair practices are claimed, the simple claim that an industry has beeninjured by imports is sufficient grounds to seek relief(救济).

Contrary to the general impression, this request for importrelief has hurt more companies than it has helped. As corporations begin tofunction globally, they develop a complicated web of marketing, production, andresearch relationships. The complexity of these relationships makes it unlikelythat a system of import relief laws will meet the strategic needs of all theunits under the same parent company. Internationalization increases the dangerthat foreign companies will use import relief laws against the very companiesthe laws were designed to protect. Suppose a United States-owned companyestablishes an overseas plant to manufacture a product while its competitormakes the same product in the United States. If the competitor can prove injuryfrom the imports—and that the United States company received a subsidy from aforeign government to build its plant abroad—the United States company’sproducts will be uncompetitive in the United States, since they would besubject to duties.

Perhaps the mostshameful case occurred when the ITC investigated allegations(控诉) thatCanadian companies were injuring the United States salt industry by dumpingrock salt, used to deice roads. The bizarre aspect of the complaint was that aforeign conglomerate（联合企业）with United States operations was cryingfor help against a United States company with foreign operations. The “UnitedStates”company claiming injury was a unit of a Dutch conglomerate, while the“Canadian”companies included a unit of a Chicago firm that was thesecond-largest domestic producer of rock salt.

passage is chiefly concerned with_______________

A. arguingagainst the increased internationalization of US corporations

B. warning thatthe application of laws affecting trade frequently has unintended consequences

C. recommending auniform method for handling claims of unfair trade practices

D. advocating theuse of trade restrictions for "dumped" products but not for otherimports.

can be inferred about the minimal basis for a complaint to the ITC____________.

A. A foreign competitor is selling products in the US at less than fairmarket value.

B. A foreign competitor has greatly increased the volume of productsshipped to the US.

C. The company requesting import relief has been banned from exportingproducts.

D. The company requesting import relief has been injured by the sale ofimports in the US.

is the function of the last paragraph

A. It summarizes the discussion and suggests additional areas forresearch.

B. It makes a recommendation based on the evidence presented earlier.

C. It uses a specific case to illustrate a problem in the previousparagraph.

D. It introduces an additional area of concern not mentioned earlier.

of the following is most likely to be true of US trade laws

A. They will eliminate the practice of "dumping" products in theUS.

B. Those applied to international companies will help to gain moreprofits.

C. They will affect US trade with Canada more negatively than trade withother nations.

D. Those helping one unit within a parent company won’t necessarily helpother units.

答案：BDCD

【徐汇区】

Section B

Directions: Read the following three passages. Eachpassage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each ofthem there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits bestaccording to the information given in the passage you have just read.

(C)

More than fivemillion different kinds of organisms(生物体) liveon the Earth. For thousands of years, humans have searched for ways to organizethis diversity(多样性). Inthe eighteenth century, a Swedish professor, physician, and naturalist namedCarolus Linnaeus developed the system of naming and classifying organisms thatwe use today. Linnaeuscontributed to the modern classification of organisms in two ways. He firstdeveloped a convention for naming life forms.

Before Linnaeuscame up with a standardized system of naming, there were often many names for asingle species, and these names tended to be long and confusing. Linnaeusdecided that all species names should be in Latin and should have two parts,one indicating the genus(plural:genera), a group that includes similar species and one indicating the specificname of the species. When written alone, the specific name is meaningless sincemany different species in different genera have the same specific name. Thespecific name familiaris, for example, is commonly used to describe , when used by itself, it would not describe any one organism. Whenthe genus is also given, however, as in Canis familiaris, we know that thename refers to a specific organism: the domestic dog. Linnaeus was alsothe originator of modern taxonomy, a system of classifying nature based on hierarchical(分层的)groupings. Linnaeus first grouped life forms into three broad groups, calledkingdoms. These kingdoms were animals, plants, and minerals. He divided each ofthese kingdoms into classes, classes into orders, orders into genera (genus issingular) and then genera into species, grouping organisms according to sharedphysical characteristics. Although moderntaxonomists still use the hierarchical structure of Linnaeus’s classificati onsystem as well as his method of grouping organisms according to observablesimilarities, they have added hierarchical levels and significantly changedLinnaeus’s original groupings. The broadest level of life is now a domain. Allliving things fit into only three domains. Within each of these domains thereare kingdoms. Each kingdom contains phyla (singular is phylum), followed byclass, order, family, genus, and species.

In addition to theLinnaean kingdoms of plants and animals, biologists recognize prokaryotes, protists, and fungi asseparate kingdoms. The prokaryotesare the oldest and most abundant group of organisms. They are also the smallestcellular organisms. Common bacteria, which have been known to survive in manyenvironments that support no other form of life, fall into this category. The protist kingdom is made up of a varietyof single-celled or simple multicellular organisms. Protists do not have much in common. They are, essentially, thoseorganisms which do not fit into any other kingdom. Fungi compose a third kingdom. Like plants, the cells of fungi havecell walls,

giving them a tube-like structure. However, fungi do not produce their own carbon as plants do. Rather, theyacquire nutrients by absorbing and digesting carbon produced by otherorganisms. Yeasts and mushrooms are examples of fungi.

63. The writer gives the scientific name of thedomestic dog in paragraph 3 in order to __________.

A. demonstrate Linnaeus’s method of classification

B. introduce the need for a better system of namingorganisms

C. criticize the complexity of Linnaeus’s namingsystem

D. illustrate the necessity of including two partswhen naming organism

64. Which of the following can be learned fromthe passage

A. The hierarchical structure of Linnaeus’s system forclassifying i s no longer in use.

B. Linnaeus’s original system of classificationconsisted of 3 domains.

C. Linnaeus’s original system of classification isused today with little modifications.

D. Modern taxonomists have added categories andregrouped organisms.

65. Which of thefollowing is TRUE about protists

A. They do not share the characteristics of any of theother four kingdoms.

B. They are grouped together based on similarcharacteristics.

C. They are limited to single-cell organisms.

D. They acquire nutrients by eating other organisms.

66. Which of the following might be the besttitle of the passage

A. The Father of Modern Taxonomy

B. Classifying Organisms

C. Development in Life Forms

D. Linnaeus’s Classification System

答案：63-66 DDAB

【闵行区】

Section B

Directions: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are fourchoices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits bestaccording to the information given in the passage you have just read．

(C)

One of the main challenges facingmany countries is how to maintain their identity in the face of globalizationand the growing mult-language trend. “One of the main reasons for economicfailure in many Africa n countries is the fact that, with a few importantexceptions, mother-tongue education is not practiced in any of the independentAfrican states.” said Neville Alexander, Director of the Project for the Studyof Alternative Education in South Africa at the University of Cape Town.

In response to the spread ofEnglish and the increased multi-language trends arising from immigration, manycountries have introduced language laws in the laws in the last decade. Insome, the use of languages other than the national language is banned in publicspaces such as advertising posters. One of the first such legal provisions wasthe 1994 “Toubon law” in France, but the idea has been copied in many countriessince then. Such efforts to govern language use are often dismissedas futile by language experts, who are well aware of the difficultyin controlling fashions in speech and know from research that languageswitching among bilinguals is a natural process.

It is especially difficult fornative speakers of English to understand the d esire to maintain the “purity” ofa language by law. Since the time of Shakespeare, English has continuallyabsorbed foreign words into its own language. English is one of the most mixedand rapidly changing languages in the world, but there has not been a barrierto acquiring prestige and power. Another reason for the failure of many nativeEnglish speakers to understand the role of state regulation is that it hasnever been the Anglo-Saxon way of doing things. English has never had astate-controlled authority for the language, similar, for example, to theAcademic Francaise in France.

The need to protect nationallanguages is, for most western Europeans, a recent phenomenon—especially theneed to

ensure that English does not unnecessarily take over too many communication, education and new modes of communication promoted bytechnology, may be key fields to defend.

Alexander believes that

education is not practiced in all African countries

has resulted in the economic failure of Africa

has led to the rise of multi-language trends

D. lackof mother-tongue education can lead to economic failure

64. Theunderlined word “futile” (in paragraph 2) most probably means “ “.

B. practical D. unnecessary

65. Whydo many English-speaking countries not support the language protection efforts describedin the passage

A. Theythink language protection laws are ineffective.

B. Theywant their language to spread to other countries.

C. Theyhave a long history of taking words from other languages.

D. Itreduces a language’s a bility to acquire international importance.

66. Whatcan we infer from the last paragraph

A. Englishhas taken over fields like public communication and education.

B. Manyaspects of national culture are threatened by the spread of English.

C. Mostlanguage experts believe it is important to promote a national language.

have long realized the need to protect their national languages.

答案：DCCB

【普陀区】

Section B

Directions: Read the following three passages. Eachpassage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each ofthem there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits bestaccording to the information given in the passage you have just read.

(C)

Given how valuable intelligence and automation are, we will continue to improve our technology if we are at all able to. At a certain point, we will buildmachines that are smarter than weare. Once we have machines that are smarter than we are, they will begin toimprove themselves. And then we risk what the mathematician IJ Good called an “intelligenceexplosion”. The process could get out of control.

The concern is really that we will build machines that are much morecompetent than we are. And the slightest divergence between their goals and our own could destroy us. Just think about howwe relate to ants. We don’t hate them. We don’t go out of our way to harm fact, sometimes we take pains not to harm them. We step over them on thesidewalk. But whenever their presence seriously conflicts with one of ourgoals, we will kill them without hesitation. The concern is that we will oneday build machines that, whether they’re conscious or not, could treat us withsimilar disregard.

The bare fact is that we will continue to improve our intelligentmachines. We have problems that we desperatelyneed to solve. So we will do this, if we can. The train is already out of the station, and there’s no brake to pull. If we build machines that aremore intelligent than we are, they will very likely develop in ways that wecan’t imagine, and exceed us in ways that we can’t imagine.

So imagine we hit upon a designof superintelligent AI that has no safety concerns. This machine would be the perfectlabor-saving device. It can design the machine that can build the machine which can do any physical work,powered by sunlight, more or less for the cost of raw materials. So we’retalking about the end of human labour. We’re also talking about the end of mostintellectual work. So wh at would apes like ourselves do in this circumstance

What would some nations do if they heard that some company in SiliconValley was about to deploy ( 配置) a superintelligent AI This machine wouldbe capable of starting war, whether terrestrial (陆地的)or cyber, with unbelievable power.

Given that the companies and governments building superintelligent AIare likely to perceive

(感知) themselves as being in a raceagainst all others, and that to win this race is to win the world, it seemslikely that

whatever is easier to do will get done first unless it is destroyedin the next moment.

But the moment we admit that information processing is the source ofintelligence, we have to admit that we are in the process of building some sortof god. Now would be a good ti me to make sure it’s a god we can live with.

an intelligent machinebecomes smarter than humanity, .

will make itself better andmay go beyond human control

will help people to thefullest, especially in physical work

will threaten people byrobbing them of jobs

will view itself as humanrace

underlined word“divergence” in Paragraph 2 almost means the same as “ ”.

B. hatred D. disagreement

is the passage mainlydeveloped

making comparisons.

showing valid evidence.

giving assumptions.

analyzing statistics.

of the following is thebest title of the passage

the God’s sake, stop AI andbe yourselves!

we build AI without losingcontrol over it

or against AI, that is thequestion!

does superintelligence servethe people

答案：63-66 ADCB

【金山区】

Section B

Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by severalquestions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are fourchoices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to theinformation given in the passage you have just read.

(C)

For many years, humans have tried to find thesecret to staying young. Although it has yet to be discovered, we may be closerthan ever to finding a way that can slow down the aging process.

A recent study by researchers from DukeUniversity in the US found that cutting one’s daily intake of calories couldslow down biological aging, which means you might be able to hang on to youryouthful looks a little longer. Previous research has shown that calorierestrictions slow aging in worms, flies and mice. So researchers wondered if itcould have the same effect on people.

To find out, Daniel Belsky and her teamexamined data from a study by the National Institute on Aging, based in the US,which involved 220 people. During the two-year study, 145 people in therestriction group cut their calorie intake by 25 percent. Meanwhile, 75 peoplein the control group maintained their normal diets.

At the start of the study, the two groups hadno difference in biological age. The average participant was 38 years old, witha biological age of 37. However, after each 12-month period, participants inthe restriction group saw an increase in biological age by an average . Meanwhile, those in the control group saw a rise by an average years. The researchers believe the differencebetween these groups shows that cutting calories does slow biological aging. Although they didn’t explain the reasonbehind this, researchers at Brigham Young University in the US provided anexplanation after they carried out a similar study on mice.

They believe fewer calories slow down amechanism in cells called the ribosome (核糖体),at least in mice. The mechanism is responsible for making vital proteins incells, but with fewer calories it slows down, giving it more time to repairitself.

The ribosome is complex like a car, and itneeds to replace the parts that wear out the fastest from time to time,according to John Price, a biochemistry professor at Brigham Young University.

“When tires wear ou t, you don’t throw thewhole car away and buy new ones. It’s easier to replace the tires,” Price toldVOA.

But this doesn’t mean that people who want tolook younger should start skipping meals, especially given the study’s earlystage. Proper nutrition is important, Price explained.

“Food isn’t just material to be burned –it’sa signal that tells our body and cells how to respond,” he told Science Daily.

63. Thepurpose of the research was to _________.

A. find the most efficient way to controlcalorie intake.

B. explain why people have to maintain anormal diet.

C. test the influence of calorie restrictionson aging.

D. invent technology that keeps people youngand healthy.

64. Whichof the following statements is TRUE about the experiment

A. All the participants were of the samebiological age at the start.

B. The biological age of people in thecontrol group increased more than those in the restriction group.

C. Flies and mice were used to compare theresults of the human test with.

D. Some participants were asked to double theamount of food they ate.

to John Price, ________.

A. the ribosome is an important cell thatcontrols the aging process.

B. a higher level of calorie intake meansmore healthy proteins.

C. the fewer calories one takes in, thebetter the ribosome works.

D. reducing calorie intake could allow theribosome to repair itself better.

66. Wecan infer from the text that ________.

A. those who want to stay young are advisedto skip meals.

B. people should keep a record of the energythey burn every day.

C. maintaining a balanced diet is not asdifficult as people imagine.

D. we could slow our pace of biological agingby changing our eating habits.

答案：63--66: CBDD

【松江区】

Section B

Directions:Read the following threepassages. Each passage is Followed by several questions or unfinishedstatements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and the one that fits best according to the information given in the passageyou have just read.

(C)

Antibiotics, vaccines, organtransplant and HIV/AIDS treatments are all medical milestones that haveindisputably made life better and saved millions of lives. But all theseadvances and countless others were developed using animals. The latest eyeshadow and other cosmetics and industrial chemicals are also developed withanimal testing.

The lab animal issue has receivedattention in China in recent years as more people are concerned about animals’rights. China has no animal welfare laws prohibiting cruelty to animals, butthere are stan dards (1986 and 2006) for humane treatment of lab animals, thoughthese are difficult to enforce.

World Day forLaboratory Animals was established in 1979 by the British NationalAnti-Vivisection Society, memorializing millions of animals that contributed topure science, medicine, industry, fashion and the cosmetics industry. It’s alsoa day of act ion to protest the use of live animals for experiments from labrats and dogs to cattle and primates (灵长类动物).

Thousands ofactivists worldwide are campaigning to raise awareness and demand an end toexperimentation

with animals, though there are few effective alternatives. TheBritish Union for the Abolition of Vivisection estimates that 100 millionvertebrates (脊椎动物) are used inexperiments every year, 10 to 11 million in the European Union. This doesn’tinclude mice, rats, frogs and animals not yet weaned. There are no reliablefigures for China where specially bred animals are used extensively forresearch. Some date indicate around 16 million vertebrates were used in 2006.

Three Rs principle

The three Rsare principles for lab animal welfare proposed by microbiologist RL Burch andzoologist Russel in 1959. They are “reduction, refinement andreplacement” and scientists are encouraged to follow them.

*Reduce thenumber of animals by improving experimental techniques and increasinginformation sharing among researchers.

*Refineexperiments and treatment to reduce suffering; use less invasive techniques,improve care and living conditions.

*Replaceexperiments on live animals with alternative testingwherepossible.

“But thethree Rs suggests general acquiescence (默许) in animalexperimentation,”says astatement by Animal Rights in Chine (ARC), set up in2006 by over 3000 campaigners who have been urging the use of alternatives.

Thealternatives activists advocate include using cell cultures instead of wholeanimals, using phototoxicity tests on chemicals to predict their effects onhumans, using computer models, studying human volunteers and working onisolated tissues. These approaches can be useful but they can’t provide theanswers that animal research can.

“Animalexperimentation is a basic, very important method in life science study andbiomedical research and in some specific fields, so it is irreplaceable,” saysYang Fei, deputy director of the Animal Experimentation Department of FudanUniversity. Yang has worked on regulating and standardizing animal testing forover 15 years.

He saystesting on primates is still necessary because their immune system is verysimilar to that of humans. They are needed to develop drugs for malaria,HIV/AIDS and infections such as SARS, he says, though admitting the approach isnot perfect.

63. According to the passage, ___________ may not be related toanimal testing.

A. Coughmixtures

B. Genetically modified rice

C. DiorLipsticks livers

64. World Day for Laboratory animals was set up for thefollowing reasons except ___________.

A. to callfor better experimental techniques to reduce sufferings

B. tomemorialize the animals sacrificed in the labs

C. to raiseawareness of animal right

D. to offerthe activists a chance to raise their objections to the use of animals’forexperiments

65. Why Russel advocated researchers to share moreinformation

can better cooperate with each other to eliminate animal testing.

B. Becauseresearchers can turn to alternatives to replace animal testing.

C. Becauseresearchers can avoid repeating similar testing on animals.

D. Becauseresearchers can make the animal testing more effective.

66. ___________ is the biggest obstacle to cancelling animal testing.

A. Lack ofenough fund

B. Lack of human awareness

C. Lack ofsupportive statistics

D. Lack of effective alternatives

答案：63-66:BACD

【杨浦区】

Section B

Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followedby several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are fourchoices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to theinformation given in the passage you have just read.

(C)

The largestgenetic study of mosquitoes has found their ability to resistinsecticides is evolving rapidly andspreading across Africa, putting millions of people at higher risk ofcontracting malaria (疟疾).

British scientistswho led the work said mosquitoes' growing resistance to control tools such asinsecticide-treated bed nets and insecticide spraying, which have helped cutmalaria cases since 2000, now threatens “to disturb malaria control”in Africa.

“Our study highlightsthe severe challenges facing public efforts to control mosquitoes andto manage and limit insecticide resistance,” saidMartin Donnelly of the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, whoworked on the st udy with a team from Britain’s Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute.

Latest WorldHealth Organization (WHO) data show that 216 million people were infectedlast year with the malaria parasite(寄生虫), which is transmittedby blood-sucking Anopheles mosquitoes.

The diseasekilled 445,000 people in 2016, and the majority of them were childrenin sub-Saharan Africa.

To understand howmosquitoes are evolving, the researchers sequenced the DNA of 765 wildAnopheles mosquitoes taken from 15 locations across eight African work, published in the journal Nature on Wednesday, created the largestdata resource on natural genetic variation forany species of insect.

Analyzingthe data, the scientists found that the Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes (冈比亚疟蚊)were extremely genetically diverse(多样化的) compared with most other animal high genetic diversity enables rapid evolution, they said, andhelps to explain how mosquitoes develop insecticide resistance soquickly.

Thedata also showed the rapid evolution of insecticide resistance appeared to bedue to many previously unknown genetic variants(变体) within certain genes. The scientists saidthese genetic variants for insecticide resistance were not only emergingindependently in different parts of Africa, but were also being spread acrossthe continent by mosquito migration.

MichaelChew, an expert at Britain’s Wellcome Trust global health charity which helpedfund the research, said the finds underlined the importance of pushingscientific research ahead to control malaria.

Globalefforts to control malaria through effective vaccine, insecticides and the bestdrug combinations require urgent, united action by scientists, drug companies,governments and the WHO.

63. Whichof the following is scientists’ headache

number of mosquitoes in Africa is growing rapidly.

B. Somegenetic variants of mosquitoes are still unknown.

existing insecticides aren’t as effective as they used to be.

of African people have resistance to medicines for malaria.

64. Malariacases can be cut by ______.

drug companies

insecticides

blood donation

data

65. What CANNOT be concluded from the passage

are more likely to be bit by mosquitoes.

previously unknown variants are found in the study.

mosquito migration contributes to the spread of variants.

mosquitoes have great genetic diversity.

66. Whichis FALSE about the genetic study ofmosquitoes

created the largest data on natural genetic variation for any insectspecies.

found the possible causes for the rapid evolution of insecticide resistance.

discovered where the genetic variants emerged and how they were spread.

D. Ithighlighted the public efforts and appealed to limit the use of insecticides.

【答案】63-66；C B A D

【青浦区】

Section B(24')

Directions: Read the following three passages. Eachpassage is followed by several questions or unfinished

statements. For each ofthem there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits bestaccording to the information given in the passage you have just read.

(C)

Iplan to remember this year’s vacation season with just two words: NEVER again, that is, will I take all my technology along. The Internet hasruined summer vacations.

Insteadof reading dog-eared summerhouse mystery novels, this year we browsed theInternet. Instead of long evenings of crossword puzzles or board games, wechecked our Twitter feeds and updated our Facebook pages. And that, of course,is the problem with the Internet: It，s so easy that,unless you’re equipped with massive self-control, you use it if it’s there.

Forseveral years, I kept my Internet addiction under control by using inconvenienttechnology: a laptop which is old and not in good condition and a slow dial-upconnection. But this year, the combination of a new iPad and very good Wi-Fiturned out to be fatal. The magical iPad signaled silently from the picnictable: What harm could it be to give the e-mail a quick check But once thatattractive touch screen lights up, who can resist

I’mnot the first to get lost across this problem, of course. I，m alate adopter. As early as 2008, Nicholas Carr, author of The Shallows: What theInternet Is Doing to Our Brains, was warning that broadband Internet wasreducing our attention spans and making us stupid. The Web, he said, encouragesus to get stuck into our “natural state of distractedness.”Even before that,in 2000，Harvard’sRobert

Putnamwarned that television 一and, morebroadly, staring into any kind of screen —had reduced the amount of timefamilies spent in social interactions. And last year, researchers at UC-Irvinereported that employees who were unplugged from their e-mail got more work done一andexperienced far less stress.

Access to the Web is unquestionably awonderful thing. I love having a bottomless library at my fingertips; I lovehaving the world’s newspapers on my electronic doorstep. I love being able topay bills and make airplane reservations online. And, thanks to those ugly cellphone towers in the woods, we now have a way to call for help if we need anambulance or a fire truck. It’s also nice to have an app that identifies theconstellations (星座）whenyou hold the iPad up to the night sky. But then, you have to remember to putthe screen down and simply drink in the stars — the original, uncut version.

And that’s the point: It’s important not tolet the convenience of the Internet get in the way of simpler beauties. It，s our fault instead of the Internet, for failing to control the urge tobrowse. My problem is learning how to limit the time I spend on it. So now Ihave one more thing to look forward to next summer: More time reading oldnovels; more time playing crossword puzzles and chasing frogs. Next year, Ipromise to unplug. Except, of course, when we need to find a new bike trail, orGoogle a recipe for wild blueberry pie.

63. Throughout the passage, what evidence doesthe author provide to support the claims he makes in paragraph 2

A. Scientific studies and statistics aboutInternet use.

B. Historical facts regarding the effects oftelevision and the Internet.

C. Personal accounts and opinions of those whohave studied the Internet.

D. Results of opinion polls about Internet use.

64. According to the passage, how does the writerkeep himself from getting addicted to the Internet

A. By using outdated laptops with poor Internetaccess.

B. By only giving the e-mail a quick look.

C. By keeping the electronic devices out ofreach.

D. By accessing new iPad and good Wi-Fi.

65. In the article, UC-Irvine research functionsas .

A. a personal account that illustrates an ideaabout social life

B. a restatement of the author’s main argument

C. historical context to allow the reader tounderstand the article’s setting

D. evidence to support a point made by NicolasCarr

66. Which of the following statement will theauthor probably agree to

A. people should not rely simply on the Internetto provide them with news and other information

B. people can have meaningful vacations only ifthey leave all electronic devices at home

C. although the Internet is often useful, it canbecome addictive and prevent human interaction

D. even though there are some good things aboutthe Internet, overall it has affected civilization for the worse 答案：63-66 CADC

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2019届高三英语一模汇编--翻译

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2018松江区高三英语一模卷答案

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2018届上海各区高三英语一模——summary汇编

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2018北京市朝阳区高三（一模） 英语 2018.3 （考试时间100分钟满分120分) 本试卷共10页。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分） 第一节单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分, 共15分） 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 例：It’s so nice to hear from her again. _____, we last met more than thirty years ago. A. What’s more B. That’s to say C. In other words D. Believe it or not 答案是D。 1. Peter has previous experience, ______ I think he’s the right person for the job. A. or B. but C. for D. so 2. ––What did the doctor say about your injury? ––She said I should avoid doing too much exercise ______ it feels better. A. until B. since C. if D. while 3. The meal itself was not so good—______ was boringly brown including vegetables. A. nothing B. everything C. anything D. something 4. Don’t worry. A num ber of efforts are being made ______ the whole system operating normally. A. being kept B. kept C. keeping D. to keep 5. Hawking believes the earth is unlikely to be the only planet _____ life has developed gradually. A. that B. why C. where D. whose 6. ––Cathy is not coming to your birthday party tonight. ––But she ______! A. promised B. promises C. will promise D. had promised 7. Don’t forget to send ______ attended the conference a follow-up email. A. however B. whatever C. whoever D. wherever 8. Your red coat looks so good. It stood out clearly ______ the snow. A. across B. against C. through D. over 9. Look! Here’s a photo ______ in my classroom at primary school. Can you recognize me in it? A. taken B. taking C. to take D. being taken 10. ––Are the repairs finished yet? ––Yes, they ______ when I came back home. A. would be completed B. would complete C. had completed D. had been completed 11. Sometimes it seems to bother the teacher ______ all the students are being too quiet. A. how B. what C. that D. where 12. ______ such a problem before, we handled the situation very well this time.

2019届上海高三英语一模汇编：翻译

2019.12.12【一模汇编】2019届上海高三英语一模汇编：翻译 1、2019黄浦一模 Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 72. 很多人对他们的潜能一无所知。(ignorant) 73. 这些政策在一定程度上对该地区的经济衰退负有责任。(extent) 74. 自古以来老百姓就希望天下太平，同各国人民友好相处。(long for) 75. 青少年问题的发展趋势值得我们关注和研究，也值得整个社会群策群力，共商对策。(which) 答案： 72. Many people are totally ignorant of their potential (abilities/talents). 73. These policies are to some extent responsible for the region’s economic decline. 74. Since ancient times people have longed for a peaceful world to live together in friendship with people from/of all countries. /Since ancient times people have longed for a peaceful world, where people of all/different countries live together in friendship. 75. The developing trend of youth/adolescent/teenager problems deserves our attention and research/ analysis, which also deserves the joint efforts of the whole society to find solutions. 2、2019普陀一模 72. 晚上别喝太多的咖啡，会睡不着觉的。(or) 73. 事实证明，保持快乐的心态会降低得心脏病的风险。(It) 74. 乐观的人不会过分怀念美好的旧时光，因为他们正忙着创造新的回忆。(create) 75. 追求稳定并不是什么坏事, 很多时候这样的态度在促使我们提升自我、挑战难度、攀登高峰。( when) 答案： 72. Don’t drink too much coffee at night, or you won’t be able to sleep. 73. It is proved that keeping a happy mind reduces the risk of heart diseases. 74. Optimistic people don’t miss the good old days too much because they are busy creating new memories. 75. The pursuit of stability is not a bad thing. （, and）There are many times when such an attitude drives us to improve ourselves, challenge difficulties, and climb peaks.

2021上海高三英语一模分类汇编：11选10专题

11选10专题 上海市杨浦区2021届高三英语期末（一模）试题 Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. including B. impressions C. standing D. restored E. missing F. fun G. comfort H. associated I. inspired J. marked K. contact Ancient Civilizations Had Game Nights Too! Morten Ramstad, a researcher at the University of Bergen, Norway, and his team spotted one of the rare objects while unearthing the remains of an Early Iron Age (400-300 BC) burial site in Western Norway. Burying loved ones with basic necessities like ceramic pots and clothing, to ensure their (31) _______ in the afterlife, was a fairly common tradition in ancient cultures. However, the families of some lucky individuals went a step further by (32) ________ a board game for entertainment. Though the game board was (33) ________, the archeologists, who revealed their findings on April 5, 2020, managed to recover the dice（骰子）and 18 circular game pieces. Unlike the modern-day cubical（立体的）dice, which are (34) _______ with a different number of dots from one to six on each face, the ancient game counter was square and had bulls-eye like (35) ________, which indicated zero to five on each of its four faces. The researchers suspect it may have been (36) ________ by the oldest-known board game —the “Game of Mercenaries”. The two-person strategy game, which dates back to the 3rd century BC, was believed to be similar to modern-day chess. The archeologists, who also unearthed remains of pottery jars and a bronze needle at the burial site believe the game pieces indicate the dead was a wealthy individual. In ancient civilizations, board games were a status symbol, signifying the owner’s high social and economic (37) ________. They indicated an individual’s intellectual ability and also proved he/she could afford to spend time on such activities.

(完整版)2019年上海高考英语一模翻译汇编.doc

2019 年高三一模翻译汇编 1.上海市黄浦区 2019 年高三英语一模翻译 72. 很多人对他们的潜能一无所知。(ignorant) 73. 这些政策在一定程度上对该地区的经济衰退负有责任。(extent) 74. 自古以来老百姓就希望天下太平，同各国人民友好相处。(long for) 75. 青少年问题的发展趋势值得我们关注和研究，也值得整个社会群策群力，共商对策。(which) 72. Many people are totally ignorant of their potential (abilities/talents). 73. These policies are to some extent responsible for the region’ s economic decline. 74. Since ancient times people have longed for a peaceful world to live together in friendship with people from/of all countries. /Since ancient times people have longed for a peaceful world, where people of all/different countries live together in friendship. 75.The developing trend of youth/adolescent/teenager problems deserves our attention and research/ analysis, which also deserves the joint efforts of the whole society to find solutions. 2.上海市普陀区 2019 年高三英语一模翻译 72.晚上别喝太多的咖啡，会睡不着觉的。（or） 73.事实证明，保持快乐的心态会降低得心脏病的风险。（It） 74.乐观的人不会过分怀念美好的旧时光，因为他们正忙着创造新的回忆。（create） 75.追求稳定并不是什么坏事，很多时候这样的态度在促使我们提升自我、挑战难度、攀登高峰。 （ when） 72. Don’ t drink too much coffee at night, or you won ’ t be able to sleep. 1 0.5 0.5 1 73. It is proved that keeping a happy mind reduces the risk of heart diseases. 0.5 1 1 0.5 74. Optimistic people don ’ t miss the good old days too much. 1 1 0.5 75. The pursuit of stability is not a bad thing. (, and 0.5)

2018高三英语一模答案

2018年高中三年级一模 英语参考答案 一、选择题（1-60）： 1.C 2.B 3.A 4.C 5.C 6.A 7.B 8.C 9.B 10.A 11.B 12.C 13.B 14.A 15.A 16.C 17.B 18.C 19.A 20.B 21.B 22.C 23.A 24.B 25.D 26.C 27.B 28.D 29.C 30.D 31.B 32.A 33.D 34.D 35.B 36.G 37.E 38.A 39.D 40.B 41.A 42.C 43.B 44.D 45.C 46.B 47.A 48.D 49.B 50.A 51.D 52.C 53.D 54.A 55.B 56.C 57.A 58.D 59.B 60.C 二、英语知识运用第二节（61-70）： 61. failure 62. as 63. includes 64. fiercely 65. the 66. to practice 67. winning 68. where 69. backgrounds 70. was defeated 三、短文改错： Hi Sandra, You’ll never guess over I’m writing this email from a cave! We’re on holiday in Spain now. 71 We spent a few days in Barcelona first. It’s a great place but we had a good time though I didn’t 72. and feel well one day. Anyway, after we left Barcelona, we come to spend several days in Granada. 73. came And guess what? We couldn’t find a hotel because there were quite a lot of tourist. Then someone 74. tourists said, “Why not trying the cave dwellings (住宅) here?” We thought he was joking, but here we 75. try were really in a cave dwelling and it’s wonderfully. Tomorrow we’re going to visit a palace 76. are 77. wonderful in Granada. We’re enjoying it very much that we d on’t want to leave this amazed place. We’re 78. so 79. amazing never going to have enough time ∧explore everything! 80. to Take care! Ben （注：第71题若把over改为at或about，第78题若在that前加so或把that改为so，亦可。） 四、书面表达： Possible Version I Hi David, You’re warmly welcome to my city to experience the Spring Festival. Usually, we give our houses a thorough cleaning and decorate them with red couplets and beautifully-designed paper-cuttings before the festival. Gathering for the annual reunion dinner and watching the Spring Festival Gala on the Eve of the New Year is a meaningful moment for us Chinese. During the festival, we visit the elder and relatives to give our greetings and best wishes. When you are here, I want to invite you to make dumplings, watch beautiful fireworks and dragon dance with us. If time permits, I’ll show you around our city. I hope you’ll have a happy