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教师版 必修5 Unit 1 Great Scientists

教师版 必修5 Unit 1 Great Scientists
教师版 必修5 Unit 1 Great Scientists

必修5 Unit 1 Great Scientists

Period 1

一、Listen to the tape and fill in the blanks

JOHH SHOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA”

John Snow was a famous doctor in London - so expert, indeed, that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician. But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera. This was the deadly disease of its day. Neither its cause nor its cure was understood. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak. John Snow wanted to face the challenge and solve this problem. He knew that cholera would never be controlled until its cause was found.

He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people. The first suggested that cholera multiplied in the air. A cloud of dangerous gas floated around until it found its victims. The second suggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals. From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died.

John Snow suspected that the second theory was correct but he needed evidence. So when another outbreak hit London in 1854, he was ready to begin his enquiry. As the disease spread quickly through poor neighbourhoods, he began to gather information. In two particular streets, the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to find out why.

First he marked on a map the exact places where all the dead people had lived.This gave him a valuable clue about the cause of the disease. Many of the deaths were near the water pump in Broad Street (especially numbers 16, 37, 38 and 40). He also noticed that some houses (such as 20 and 21 Broad Street and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street) had had no deaths. He had not foreseen this, so he made further investigations. He discovered that these people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street. They had been given free beer and so had not drunk the water from the pump. It seemed that the water was to blame.

Next, John Snow looked into the source of the water for these two streets. He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London. He immediately told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the pump so that it could not be used. Soon afterwards the disease slowed down. He had shown that cholera was spread by germs and not in a cloud of gas.

In another part of London, he found supporting evidence from two other deaths that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak. A woman, who had moved away from Broad Street, liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. Both she and her daughter died of cholera after drinking the water. With this extra evidence John Snow was able to announce

with certainty that polluted water carried the virus.

To prevent this from happening again, John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined. The water companies were instructed not to expose people to polluted water any more. Finally "King Cholera" was defeated.

第一板块重点单词

1. conclude v.断定,推断出(decide);得出结论;(使)结束,终止(end)

(1)用conclude的适当形式填空

①We can conclude that he is confident of his future.

②We drew different conclusions from the facts.

③In conclusion,I would like to say how much I have enjoyed myself.

(2)—Ann seems to be upset. What’s up?

—She _____B___ from the voice on the line that her mother is not satisfied with her test scores.

A.includes B.concludes C.suggests D.contains

2. attend v.出席,参加(be present);处理,对付(deal with);照料,护理(take care of)

(1)用attend,join,join in,take part in的适当形式填空

①He joined the army three years ago.

②All children between the ages of 5 and 16 must attend school.

③A lot of students took_part_in the protest in 1949.

④Would you like to join_in_ the basketball game?

⑤A nurse attended to his needs constantly.

(2)I always have so many things to ____C____ when I come back to the company after a trip abroad.

A.add to B.contribute to C.attend to D.appeal to

3. expose

(1) ______to the sun for too long can hurt your skin.

A. Being exposed

B. To expose

C. Exposing

D. Exposed

(2) He dived ihto the water, ________ only his face_______

A. leaving; exposed

B. leaving; exposing

C. left; exposed

D. left; exposing

(3) The best way to study English is _________________________________.(让自

己通过听、说、读、写多接触英语)

答案A, A, to expose ourselves to English by much more listening, speaking, reading and writing

4. absorb 双语释义v.吸收(液体、气体等)(take in);使并入,吞并;吸引

(attract);使专心(interest sb.)

(1)写出下列句子中absorb的汉语意思

①Absorbed in his work, he simply forgot food and sleep. 专心于

②The surrounding villages have been absorbed by the growing city. 吞并

③Black walls absorb a lot of heat during the day. 吸收

(2) So _C__was he in his work that he didn’t notice that it w as raining hard. A.taken B.devoted C.absorbed D.interesting

5. blame 双语释义v.把……归咎于,责怪,指责(say or think sb. is responsible for);n.责任(responsibility),责备,指责

(1)一句多译

他因为这起事故受到他们的责备。

①They_ blamed _him_ for_ the _accident.

②They_ blamed_ the _accident_ on _him.

③He_was_to_blame_for_the_accident.

(2)I feel it is your husband who ___A_____for the spoiled child.

A.is to blame B.is going to blame

C.is to be blamed D.should blame

6. contribute 双语释义v.捐献;捐助(give money or goods to...);是……的原因之一(be one of the causes of sth.);投稿(write for)

(1)同义词语替换

Various factors contributed_to his downfall(倒台).led_to/resulted_in

(2) Eating too much fat can ___B_____ heart diseases and cause high blood

pressure.

A.result from B.contribute to C.attend to D.appeal to

第二板块重点短语

1.put forward

双语释义提议,提出(suggest);拿出;推荐(recommend);将…提前

(1)写出下列句子中put forward的汉语意思

①The woman put forward a red silk as well as a blue one for our inspection.

把……拿出来给人看

②The Trade Union Congress put forward a plan for recovery. 提出

③I’ve put you forward as the best man for the job.推举,推荐

④The hi-tech has put forward our production this year. 使加快,促进

⑤My watch was slow,so I put it forward three minutes. 拨快

⑥We’ve put forward the date of our wedding by one month.把……提前

(2)These foreigners have ____D____ a proposal for a joint venture.

A.put in B.put up C.put down D.put forward

2. make sense 双语释义讲得通;有意义(have a meaning)

(1)完成句子

①Can you make_any_sense_of_this_article (理解这篇文章的意思)?

②In_a_sense (从某种意义上讲) this may be true.

(2)单项填空

①Dogs have a very good___A_____of smell and are often used to search for

survivors in an earthquake.

A.sense B.view C.means D.idea

②No matter how I tried to read it,the sentence didn’t ___D_____to me.

A.understand B.make out C.turn out D.make sense

Period 2

一、Listen to the tape and fill in the blanks

COPERNICUS’ REVOLUTIONRRY THEORY

Nicolaus Copernicus was frightened and his mind was confused. Although he had tried to ignore them, all his mathematical calculations led to the same conclusion: that the earth was not the centre of the solar system. Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.Yet he could not tell anyone about his theory as the powerful Christian Church would have punished him for even suggesting such an idea.They believed God had made the world and for that reason the earth was special and must be the centre of the solar system.

The problem arose because astronomers had noticed that some planets in the sky seemed to stop, move backward and then go forward in a loop. Others appeared brighter at times and less bright at others. This was very strange if the earth was the centre of the solar system and all planets went round it.

Copernicus had thought long and hard about these problems and tried to find an answer. He had collected observations of the stars and used all his mathematical knowledge to explain them. But only his new theory could do that. So between 1510 and 1514 he worked on it, gradually improving his theory until he felt it was complete.

In 1514 he showed it privately to his friends. The changes he made to the old theory were revolutionary. He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth. He also suggested that the earth was spinning as it went round the sun and this explained changes in the movement of the planets and in the brightness of the stars. His friends were enthusiastic and encouraged him to publish his ideas, but Copernicus was cautious. He did not want to be attacked by the Christian Church, so he only published it as he lay dying in 1543.

Certainly he was right to be careful. The Christian Church rejected his theory, saying it was against God's idea and people who supported it would be attacked. Yet Copernicus' theory is now the basis on which all our ideas of the universe are built. His theory replaced the Christian idea of gravity, which said things fell to earth because God created the earth as the centre of the universe. Copernicus

showed this was obviously wrong. Now people can see that there is a direct link between his theory and the work of Isaac Newton, Albert Einstein and Stephen Hawking.

第三板块重点句型

1. Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.

(1) 填空

①Neither my father nor I __was____ there.

②Neither shall I go there,nor do I want to go.

我既不会去那儿,也不想去那儿。

③She not only speaks but also writes French.

她不但能说法语,而且会写法语。

④Either my father or my brothers are coming.

我的父亲或者我的兄弟们要来。

(2)单选.

①Bill wasn’t happy about the delay of the repo rt by Jason,and_____B___.

A.I was neither B.neither was I

C.I was either D.either was I

②If Joe’s wife won’t go to the party,_____B___.

A.he will either B.neither will he

C.he neither will D.either he will

2. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.

(1) It’s the first time that he has been to Australia,____C____?

A.isn’t he B.hasn’t he C.isn’t it D.hasn’t it

(2) This is the first time we ___D__ a film in the cinema together as a family.

A.see B.had seen C.saw D.have seen

(3) Don’t stop ____B____ you meet with a word you don’t understand.

A.at the time B.each time C.by the time D.sometimes (4) ____C___ you write a message,you show your skills to others.

A.At times B.Some time C.Every time D.The time

第四板块单元语法练习

根据句意补全句子

(1)The United States is a country which has developed.

→The United States is a developed country.

(2)He told us of the great wrong which had been done to him.

→He told us of the great wrong done to him.

(3)The children are excited (excite) about going to the zoo.

(4)Everybody was shocked (shock) to hear the death of the famous film star.

(5)There are four used (use) stamps.

第五板块微写作

写作素材

1.西蒙因为接触了致命的病毒而患了重病。

2.专家和医生通过各种尝试给他治疗。

3.医生宣布病毒被打败了。

4.但是在完全康复之前他还需要护理一段时间。

提示:黑体部分用本单元词汇表达。

Simon was severely ill because of being exposed to a deadly virus.After all the attempts to cure him, the experts and doctors announced that the virus was defeated but he needed attending before he was fully recovered.

第六板块写作训练

用五句话将这些句子连成一篇短文。

1. 在历史的长河中,科学家为这个世界做出了巨大的贡献。(contribution)

2. 我认为,科学家就是那些在工作中严格要求自己及专注于他们所从事的每件事的人。(be strict in, absorb)

3. 好的科学家从不莽撞地做出结论。(jump to a conclusion)

4. 他对自己提出的结论都极为谨慎,为此,他可以一次又一次做实验(cautious)

5. 科学家都牢记这么一点:一个理论如果无法帮助世人从不可预料的困境中解脱的话,就不能称之为好理论。(keep...in mind, make no sense)

6. 而且,好的理论应该是可以为其它理论的建立提供基础的。(addition)

7. 因此,我们不难看到科学家们耗尽一生的心血,只为找到一个放诸四海而皆准的理论。(a universal theory)

[连句成篇]

Throughout history, scientists have made great contributions to the world. In my opinion, scientists are those who are strict in their work and are always absorbed in everything they do.

A good scientist never jumps to a conclusion. Instead, he is cautious of every conclusion he draws so that he does experiments again and again to test the theory he has put forward. Scientists keep it in mind that a theory makes no sense if it can’t help the world that is exposed to unexpected dangers. In addition, a good theory must be a base on which other ideas can be built. Because of this, it’s not rare for us to find scientists who devote all their life to a universal theory.

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