2015年职称英语试题及答案

第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)

下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1. I will not tolerate that sort of behavior in my class.

A. control

B. observe

C. regulate

D. Accept

【答案】D

2. She showed a natural aptitude for the work.

A. sense

B. talent

C. flavor

D. Taste

【答案】B

【解析】aptitude 天赋

have a aptitude for=have a gift /talent for

3. Most people find rejection hard to accept.

A. excuse

B. client

C. refusal

D. Destiny

【答案】C

4. The organization was bold enough to face the press.

A. pleased

B. powerful

C. brave

D. Sensible

【答案】C

5. They were locked in mortal combat.

A. deadly

B. open

C. actual

D. Active

【答案】A

【解析】A.deadly 致死的;

B.open打开的;

C.actual实在的;

D.Active积极的。

mortal致命的、致死的;immortal 不朽的

题干：他们被锁起来进行致命的战争。

6. We were attracted by the lure of quick money.

A. amount

B. supply

C. tempt

D. Sum

【答案】C

7. The procedures were perceived as complex and less transparent.

A. clear

B. necessary

C. special

D. Correct

【答案】A

【解析】A.clear清楚的;

B.necessary必要的;

C.special特殊的;

D.Correct正确的

transparent 明显的、显然的

题干：这些过程被认为是复杂的且没有那么清楚的。

8. The Stock Exchange is in turmoil following a huge wave of selling.

A. Service

B. danger

C. disorder

D. threat

【答案】C

【解析】stock exchange证券交易所

in turmoil处于混乱中

题干：证券交易所在一次大的抛售后处于混乱。

9. He believes that Europe must change or it will perish.

A. survive

B. last

C. die

D. Move

【答案】C

【解析】perish 死亡，枯萎

题干：他认为欧洲必须改变否则它就会死亡。

A.survive幸存;

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/4e7453873.html,st持续;

C.die死亡;

D.Move移动。

10. There was a simultaneous trial taking place in the next build.

A. fair

B. full C .coexisting D. Public

【答案】C

11. They promote assimilation of ethnic groups into the main-stream culture.

A. policy

B. value C .equality D. Integration

【答案】D

【解析】assimilate同化、吸收

---assimilation

题干：他们宣传民族同化，吸收进主流文化。

A.policy政策;

B.value价值;

C.equality同等;

D.Integration组合。

12. A salesman’s cardinal rule is to satisfy customers.

A. principal

B. official

C. simple

D. Legal

【答案】A

【解析】cardinal 主要的

cardinal rule 主要问题、基本原则

题干：销售人员的主要职责就是满足顾客。

A.principal主要的;

B.official官方的;

C.simple简单的;

D.Legal合法的。

13. I must compliment you on your handling of a very difficult situation

A. silence

B. praise C .assure D. Complain

【答案】B

【解析】compliment 赞扬，称赞

compliment sb on sth

题干：我必须称赞你，在一个非常困难的情况下处理好事情。

注意与complemen补充，区分开。

A.Silence安静;

B.praise赞扬;

C.assure确信;

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/4e7453873.html,plain抱怨

14. We lived for years in a perpetual state of fear

A. emotional

B. nervous

C. terrible

D. Continuous

【答案】D

【解析】perpetual 永久的不断的

题干：我们常年一直处于害怕的状态。

A.emotional情感的;

B.nervous紧张的;

C.terrible可怕的;

D.Continuous持续的、不断的。

15. The starving children were a pathetic sight.

A. common

B. unexpected

C. unforgettable

D. Pitiful

【答案】D

【解析】pathetic可怜的

sympathetic 同情的

sympathy

题干：这些挨饿的孩子真是很可怜。

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/4e7453873.html,mon普遍的;

B.unexpected意想不到的;

C.unforgettable难以忘记的;

D.Pitiful 可怜的。

第2部分阅读判断

Lackof Oxygen Delayed the Rise of Animals on Earth

Scientistshave long speculated as to why animal species didn’t flourish sooner, oncesufficient oxygen covered the Earth’s surface. Animals began to prosper at theend of the Proterozoic period, about 800 million years ago —but what about thebillion-year stretch before that, when most researchers think there also wasplenty of oxygen?

Well,it seems the air wasn’t so great then, after all.

Ina study published Oct. 31 in Science, Yale researcher Noah Planavsky and hiscolleagues found that oxygen levels during the “boring billion”period wereonly 0.1% of what they are today. In other words, Earth’s atmosphere couldn’thave supported a diversity of creatures, no matter what genetic advancementswere poised to occur.

“There is no questionthat genetic and ecological innovation must ultimately be behind the rise ofanimals, but it is equally unavoidable that animals need a certain level ofoxygen,”said Planavsky, co-lead author of the research along with ChristopherReinhard of the Georgia Institute of Technology. “We?re providing the firstevidence that oxygen levels were low enough during this period to potentiallyprevent the rise of animals.”

Thescientists found their evidence by analyzing chromium (Cr) isotopes in ancientsediments from China, Australia, Canada, and the United States. Chromium isfound in the Earth’s continental crust, and chromium oxidation is directlylinked to the presence of free oxygen in the atmosphere.

Specifically,the team studied samples deposited in shallow, iron-rich ocean areas, near theshore. They compared their data with other samples taken from younger localesknown to have higher levels of oxygen.

Oxygen’srole in controlling the first appearance of animals has long vexed scientists.“We were missing the right approach until now,”Planavsky said. “Chromium gaveus the proxy.”Previous estimates put the oxygen level at 40% of today’sconditions during pre-animal times, leaving open the possibility that oxygenwas already plentiful enough to support animal life.

Inthe new study, the researchers acknowledged that oxygen levels were “highlydynamic”in the early atmosphere, with the potential for occasional spikes.However, they said, “It seems clear that there is a first-order difference inthe nature of Earth surfa ce Cr cycling” before and after the rise of animals.

“If we are right, ourresults will really change how people view the origins of animals and othercomplex life, and their relationships to the co-evolving environment,”saidco-author Tim Lyons of the University of California-Riverside. “This could be agame changer.”

Fundingsources for the research included the NASA Exobiology Program and the NationalScience Foundation’s Earth-Life Transitions program, awarded to Planavsky,Reinhard, and Lyons.

Theother members of the research team included Xiangli Wang, a postdoctoral fellowat Yale; Thomas Johnson, of the University of Illinois; Danielle Thomson, ofCarleton University; Peter McGoldrick, of the University of Tasmania; andWoodward Fischer, of the California Institute of Technology.

16.The study discovered the rise of animals occurred earlier than the Proterozoicperiod.

A.Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

17.Many researchers believe the oxygen level was high during pre-animal times.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C.Not mentioned

18. The teamwas funded by several research institutes.

A.Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

19. Geneticadvancements triggered the rise of animals.

A.Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

20. Thesamples studied in the research were collected in ocean areas.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C.Not mentioned

21. Thestudy revealed that chromium found in Earth’s continental crust remained stablebefore and after the rise of animals.

A.Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

22. TimLyons liked to play computer games in his spare time.

A.Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

第3部分概括大意与完成句子

FirstImage-recognition Software

1.Dartmouth researchers and their colleagues have created an artificial 1 ,software that uses photos to locate documents on the Internet with far gre jthan ever before.

2.The new system, which was tested on photos and is now being applied to , Ishows for the first time that a machine learning algorithm (运算法则)or ,ma9e I recognition and retrieval is accurate and efficient enough toimprove large seaie , document searches online. The system uses pixel (像素)data in images and potentia y video —rather than just text —to locatedocuments. It learns to recognize the pixels associated with a search phrase bystudying the results from text-based image search engines. The knowledgegleaned (收集) from those results can then beapplied to other photos without tags or captions making for more accuratedocument search results.

3."Over the last 30 years," says Associate Professor Lorenzo Torresani,a co-author of the study, "the Web has evolved from a small collection ofmostly text documents to a modern, massive, fast-growing multimedia dataset,where nearly every page includes multiple pictures or

videos. When a personlooks at a Web page, he immediately gets the gist (主旨)of it by looking at the pictures in it. Yet, surprisingly, all existing popularsearch engines, such as Google or Bing, strip away the information contained inthe photos and use exclusively the text of Web pages to perform the documentretrieval. Our study is the first to show that modern machine vision systemsare accurate and efficient enough to make effective use of the informationcontained in image pixels to improve document search."

4.The researchers designed and tested a machine vision system — a type ofartificial intelligence that allows computers to learn without being explicitlyprogrammed —that extracts semantic (语义的) information from thepixels of photos in Web pages. This information is used to enrich thedescription of the HTML page used by search engines for document retrieval. Theresearchers tested their approach using more than 600 search queries (查询)on a database of 50 million Web pages. They selected the text-retheval searchengine with the best performance and modified it to make use of the additionalsemantic information extracted by their method from the pictures of the Webpages. They found that this produced a 30 percent improvement in precision overthe original search engine purely based on text.

23. Paragraph 1 __B__

24. Paragraph 2 __C__

25. Paragraph 3 __E__

26. Paragraph 4 __D__

A.Popularity of the new system

B.Publication of the new discovery

C.Function of the new system

D.Artificial intelligence software created

E.Problems of the existing search engines

F.Improvement in document retrieval

27. The new system does documentretrieval by __C__.

28. The new system is expected toimprove precision in __B__.

29. When performing documentretrieval the existing search engines ignore __A__

30. The new system was found moreeffective in document search than the __E__

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/4e7453873.html,rmation in images

B.current popular search engines

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/4e7453873.html,ing photos

D.machine vision systems

E.document search

F.description of the HTML page

第4部分阅读理解

Better Solar Energy Systems: More Heat,More Light

Solar photovoltaic thermal energy systems,or PVTs, generate both heat and electricity, but until now they haven’t been very good at the heat-generating part compared to a stand-alone solar thermal collector. That’s because they operate at low temperatures to cool crystalline silicon solar cells, which lets the silicon generate more electricity but isn?ta very efficient way to gather heat.

That’s a problem of economics. Good solar hot-water systems can harvest much more energy than a solar-electric system at a substantially lower cost. And it’s also a space problem: photovoltaic cells can take up all the space on the roof, leaving little room for thermal

applications.

In a pair of studies, Joshua Pearce, anassociate professor of materials science and engineering, has devised a solution in the form of a better PVT made with a different kind of silicon. His research collaborators are Kunal Girotra from Thin Silicon in California and Michael Pathak and Stephen Harrison from Queen?s University, Cana da.

Most solar panels are made with crystalline silicon, but you can also make solar cells out of amorphous silicon, commonly known as thin-film silicon. They don’t create as much electricity, but they are lighter, flexible, and cheaper. And, because they require much less silicon,they have a greener footprint. Unfortunately, thin-film silicon solar cells are vulnerable to some bad-news physics in the form of the Staebler-Wronski effect.

“That means that their efficiency drops when you expose them to light—pretty much the worst possible effect for a solar cell,”Pearce explains,which is one of the reasons thin-film solar panels make up only a small fraction of the market.

However, Pearce and his team found a way to engineer around the Staebler-Wronski effect by incorporating thin-film siliconin a new type of PVT. You don’t have to cool down thin-film silicon to make it work. In fact, Pearce’s group discovered that by heating it to solar-thermal operating temperatures, near the boiling point of water, they could make thicker cells that largely overcame the Staebler-Wronski effect. When they applied the thin-film silicon directly to a solar thermal energy collector,they also found that by baking the cell once a day, they boosted the solar cell?s electrical ef ficiency by over 10 percent.

31. PVTs are not efficient in

A. creating electricity.

B. cooling silicon solar cells.

C. generating heat.

D. powering solar thermal collectors.

32. One of the problems PVTs have is that

A. their thermala pplications are costly.

B. they are too expensive to afford.

C. it is hard to fix them on the roof.

D. they occupy too much space.

33. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an advantage of thin-film silicon solar cells?

A. They are flexible.

B. They are less expensive.

C. They are electrically efficient.

D. They are environment friendly.

34. Thin-film solar panels do not sell well on market because

A. they do not work well if exposed to light.

B. their advantages are not well-recognized.

C. they need improving in appearance.

D. they are not advertised.

35 Which of the following statements is true?

A. New techniques have been developed to produce thin-film silicon.

B Thin-film silicon works efficiently at low temperature.

C Thin-film silicon's electrical efficiency improves when heated up.

D Anew material enlarging the Staebler-WronsKi effect has been created.

译文：

第十三篇更有效的太阳能系统：更多热量，更强灯光

太阳能光伏热能系统，也叫PVT，能够生成热量和电能。与太阳热能单机收集器相比，传统太阳能光伏热能系统在转换热能方面效率不是很高。原因是，为了使晶体硅太阳能电池冷却，该系统在低温下工作。因此，硅体能产出更多的电能，却不能有效地产生热量。

第一，经济问题。好的太阳能热水系统比太阳能电力系统收集的能量更多，而且成本低得多。第二，空间问题。光电管占去屋顶的所有的空间，几乎没有空间留给热能的产出。

在一项研究中，材料科学与工程副教授Joshua Pearce找到了一个解决方案：用另外一种硅制成PVT来解决效能问题。他的合作者有：来自加利福尼亚ThinSilicon的Kunal Girotra 和加拿大皇后大学的Michael Pathak和Stephen Harrison。

大部分太阳能电池板是由晶体硅制成，但是，你也可以用非晶硅制成太阳能电池，这种非晶体硅通常被叫作薄膜硅。它们不能产生那么多的电能，但是更亮、更灵巧、成本更低。而且，由于它们需要的硅较少，它们更环保。不幸的是，薄膜硅太阳能电池易受SWE效应攻击(在光的照射下，非晶硅氢的导电性短时间内显著衰退，这种特性被称为SWE效应)。

“当被暴露在光线下，那就意味着它们的能效会降低——这几乎是太阳能电池最可能糟糕的效应。”Pearce解释道。这就是薄型太阳能板只占有一少部分市场的原因。

然而，Pearce和他的团队把薄膜硅合成为一种新型的PVT，可以克服或绕过SWE效应。这种方法可以不用冷却薄膜硅而让它们产生效能。事实上，Pearce团队发现，通过把薄膜硅加热到太阳热能操作温度，即临近水的沸点，可以把它制成较厚的电池，从而可以遏制SWE 效应。当把薄膜硅直接应用到太阳热能集热器时，他们也发现，如果一天把太阳能电池加热一次，那么太阳能的电力效能会增加10%。

第二篇What’s killing the Bats

First it was bees. Now it is bats. Biologists in America are working hard to discover the cause of the mysterious deaths of tens of thousands of bats in the northeastern part of the country. Most of the bats affected are the common little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus,) but other species, such as the long-eared bat, the small-footed hat, the eastern pipistrelle, and the Indiana bat have also been affected. In some caves, more than 90 percent of the bat populations have died.

One possibility is disease. A white fungus (真菌)known as fusarium has been found on the noses of both living and dead bats. However, scientists don't know If the fungus is the primary cause of death, a secondary cause of death, or not a cause at all, but the result of some other conditions.

Another possible cause is a lack of food. For example, bats typically eat a large number of moths (蛾), and in some states such as New York, the number of moths has been declining in recent years. If bats can’t eat enough food, they starve to death.

Still other scientists believe that global warming is to blame. Warmer temperatures in recent years have been waking up hibernating (冬眠)bats earlier than usual. If bats break their hibernation at the wrong time, they might not find their expected food sources. The weather might also turn cold again and weaken or kill the bats.

Scientists might not agree on the causes of the bat die-off, but they do agree on the consequences. Bats are an important predator of mosquitoes; a single brown bat can eat 1,000 or more insects in an hour. They also eat beetles and other insects that damage plant crops. If there aren't enough bats, damage will be great from the insects they eat While bats live a long time for

their size 一the little brown bat can live for more than 30 years 一a female bat has only one baby per year, so bat populations grow slowly. Many bat species in the United States are already protected or endangered.

How can you help? Do not disturb sleeping or nesting bats. If you discover bate that seem to be sick or that are dead, contact your local Fish& Wildlife Department with the details. However, be careful not to touch the animals.

36. What is the main idea of this passage?

A. All species of bats in North America are dying.

B. Scientists already know the cause of the deaths of bats

C. The bat deaths are a serious problem.

D. There are many possible causes of the deaths of bats.

【答案】D

【解析】文章的题目是“是什么杀死了蝙蝠”。第一段引入了蝙蝠离奇的死亡，第二，三，四段都是写了蝙蝠死亡的可能的几个原因，第五段写了蝙蝠死亡带来的结果，最后一段是告诉人们如何帮助蝙蝠。所以选择的是D。

做这类题型一定注意正确的细节选项。

A.北美所有的蝙蝠种类都在死亡。

B.科学家已经知道了蝙蝠死亡的原因。

C.蝙蝠的死亡是一个严重的问题。

D.蝙蝠死亡有很多可能的原因。

37. What does the first sentence in Paragraph 1 mean?

A. Bees have been dying mysteriously.

B. The first article on the website is about bees.

C. Bees usually die before bats.

D. It was bees that caused the deaths of bats.

【答案】A

【解析】First it was bees. Now it is bats. 之前是蜜蜂，现在是蝙蝠。

后面说了蝙蝠死亡，说明蜜蜂之前也是离奇死亡。选择A 。

A.蜜蜂离奇死亡。

B.这个网站上的第一篇文章是关于蜜蜂。

C.蜜蜂通常在蝙蝠之前死亡。

D.蜜蜂导致了蝙蝠的死亡。

38. The word “pipistrelle" in Paragraph 1 refers to

A. a kind of fungus.

B. an area in the U.S.

C. a special cave.

D. a kind of bat.

【答案】D

【解析】Most of the bats affected are the common little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus,) but other species, such as the long-eared bat, the small-footed hat, the eastern pipistrelle, and the Indiana bat have also been affected.大多数受影响的蝙蝠是常见的小的棕色的蝙蝠，但是也有其他种类的蝙蝠受影响，比如长耳朵蝙蝠，小脚蝙蝠，东方pipistrelle以及印度蝙蝠。

与其他的并列说明，答案选择D。

A.真菌的一种。

B.美国的一个地区。

C.一个特殊的洞穴。

D.蝙蝠的一种。

39. The "moths" in Paragraph 3 are taken as an example of

A. diseases that kill bats.

B. Insects that bats eat.

C. animals that have diseases.

D. bat species that are starving to death.

【答案】B

【解析】Another possible cause is a lack of food. For example, bats typically eat a large number of moths(蛾)另一种可能的原因是缺少食物，比如说，蝙蝠通常吃大量的moths。说明选择B 。

A.杀死蝙蝠的疾病。

B.蝙蝠吃的昆虫。

C.有疾病的动物。

D.正在挨饿而死的蝙蝠种类。

40. What is the purpose of the last paragraph?

A. To get people to stop killing bats.

B. To hire workers for the Fish & Wildlife Department.

C. To ask people not to touch dead bats.

D. To tell the public how to help bats.

【答案】D

【解析】How can you help? 从第一句就可以得知，这一段是告诉人们如何来帮助蝙蝠，后面都是具体详细的做法。

A.让人们停止杀害蝙蝠。

B.这个部门招人。

C.叫人们不要接触死了的蝙蝠。

D.告诉人们如何帮助蝙蝠。

第三篇Better Solar Energy Systems: More Heat, More Light

Solar photovoltaic thermal energy systems, or PVTs, generate both heat and electricity, but until now they haven’t been very good at the heat-generating part compared to a stand-alone solar thermal collector. That’s because they operate at low temperatures to cool crystalline silicon solar cells, which lets the silicon generate more electricity but isn?t a very efficient way to gather heat.

That’s a problem of economics. Good solar hot-water systems can harvest much more energy than a solar-electric system at a substantially lower cost. And it’s also a space problem：photovoltaic cells can take up all the space on the roof, leaving little room for thermal applications.

In a pair of studies, Joshua Pearce, an associate professor of materials science and engineering, has devised a solution in the form of a better PVT made with a different kind of silicon. His research collaborators are Kunal Girotra from ThinSilicon in California and Michael Pathak and Stephen Harri son from Queen?s University, Canada.

Most solar panels are made with crystalline silicon，but you can also make solar cells out of amorphous silicon, commonly known as thin-film silicon. They don’t create as much electricity, but they are lighter, flexible, and cheaper. And, because they require much less silicon, they have a greener footprint. Unfortunately，thin-film silicon solar cells are vulnerable to some bad-news physics in the form of the Staebler-Wronski effect.

“That means that their efficiency drops when you expose them to light —pretty much the worst possible effect for a solar cell,”Pearce explains，which is one of the reasons thin-film solar panels make up only a small fraction of the market.

However, Pearce and his team found a way to engineer around the Staebler-Wronski effect by incorporating thin-film silicon in a new type of PVT. You don’t have to cool down thin-film silicon to make it work. In fact，Pearce’s group discovered that by heating it to solar-thermal operating temperatures，near the boiling point of water, they could make thicker cells that largely

overcame the Staebler-Wronski effect. When they applied the thin-film silicon directly to a solar thermal energy collector, they also found that by baking the cell once a day，they boosted the solar cell’s electrical efficiency by over 10 percent.

41. PVTs are not efficient in

A. creating electricity.

B. cooling silicon solar cells.

C. generating heat.

D. powering solar thermal collectors.

【答案】C

42. One of the problems PVTs have is that

A. their thermal applications are costly.

B. they are too expensive to afford.

C. they occupy too much space.

D. it is hard to fix them on the roof.

【答案】C

43. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an advantage of thin-film silicon solar cells?

A. They are electrically efficient.

B. They are less expensive.

C. They are flexible.

D. They are environment friendly.

【答案】A

44. Thin-film solar panels do not sell well on market because

A. their advantages are not well-recognized.

B. they do not work well if exposed to light.

C. they need improving in appearance.

D. they are not advertised.

【答案】B

45 Which of the following statements is true?

A. Thin-film silicon's electrical efficiency improves when heated up.

B. New techniques have been developed to produce thin-film silicon.

C. Thin-film silicon works efficiently at low temperature.

D. A new material enlarging the Staebler-WronsKi effect has been created.

【答案】B

Gorillas have a word for it

Kokois the first gorilla to have been taught sign language (a way of communicatingby using hands and fingers rather than speech). With a vocabulary of more than1000 words, she is the first to prove we share a world with other intelligentbeings who feel emotions, look forward to celebrations and also have a sense ofhumour.

The30-year study of Koko has redefined science's concept of gorilla intelligence.According to some scientists, genetically there is only a 2% difference betweengorillas and humans: we share the same blood type, have the same number ofhairs per square inch and also the same temperament. But what had not beenrecognised by the scientific community was that gorillas have the ability tolearn a language and have complex emotions.

Kokolives in the Santa Cruz mountains in North America, in a wooded spotoverlooking a valley. She has her own home, with curtains, and a nest ofblankets, which is her bed, in one corner. She has a barrel on which she likesto sit when 'talking' to humans - gorillas feel more secure when they can lookdown on others - while her toys are spread everywhere. In addition she has anoutside enclosure where she spends her days when it is not raining.

Itis her conversations with her teacher, Dr Penny Patterson, that are inspiring.Penny explains: ‘The reality of my discovery is that our abilities as humans,our skills, sensibilities and emotions are very similar to the great apes. Whatwe have learnt is that gorillas are more complex than we

ever imagined.'

Whenshe began teaching Koko sign language, placing the little fingers of theone-year-old gorilla into the correct positions for 'drink', 'eat', 'more', andrewarding her with food, Dr Patterson had no idea how quickly Koko would learn.“At first, it seemed Koko was using sign language as a tool to get s omething,”says Patterson. 'It became the kind of reward system that you could expect of acat or a dog. But early in her training, she began to combine signs that mademe think she was capable of more.? Now Koko is so proficient in sign languagethat if she d oesn't know a word she invents one. For example, she didn't knowthe word for 'ring', so she combined the signs for …finger? and 'bracelet' toexpress it.

DrPatterson continues: ‘Koko loves babies and young people. And when she is askedwhat gorillas like best, she always says "Gorilla love eat, good’’.' Oneof Patterson's favourite stories demonstrates Koko's sense of humour. When avisitor asked her to show him something scary, she held up a mirror to his face!

WhenPatterson asked her what she would like for her 11th birthday, Koko signed thatshe wanted a cat. The story of Koko’s cat enabled Patterson to learn more abouther student: the cat was hit by a car and Patterson had to break the news toKoko, who signed 'cry, sad, frown'. Then, once alone, Patterson heard Koko makethe gorilla's distress call: a loud series of hoots.

Fromthe age of three, Koko shared her accommodation with Michael who was intendedas a mate. However,

Michaeldied suddenly two years ago of a heart attack. ‘Koko went into a depressionfollowing Michael's death,’says Patterson. ‘She would sit for hours with herhead hung low looking upset.'

DrPatterson asked her if she was looking forward to moving to Hawaii, wherePatterson is raising money to build a gorilla refuge. Koko signed ‘Yes',provided she could have curtains in her new home!

第6部分：完型填空(第51～65题，每题1分，共15分)

下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。

Robotic Highway Cones

A University of Nebraska professor has developed robotic cones and barrels. These robotic cones and barrels can move out of the way, or into place, from computer commands made miles away. They can even be programmed to move on their own at any particular part of the day, said Shane Farritor, an assistant professor of mechanical engineering at Nebraska.

For example, if workers arrived at 6 am, the cones could move from the side of the highway to block off the lane at that time. And they can return to the original place at the end of the day. “It just seems like a very good application for robots.”Farri tor said. “The r obotic cones would also help remove people from hazardous jobs on the highway putting barrels and cones into place,” Farritor said in a report on his creation.

Work on the idea began in 2002 using a National Academy of Sciences grant. The fund allowed Farritor to work on the project with graduate students at Nebraska and his assistant Steve Goddard.

The robots are placed at the bottom of the cones and barrels and are small enough not to greatly change the appearance of the construction aides. “It would look exactly the same,”Farritor said. “Normally there’s a kind of rubbery, black base to them. We replace that with a robot.”

Farritor has talked with officials from the Nebraska Department of Roads about how the robots would be most useful to what they might need.

The robots could come in handy following a slow-moving maintenance operation, like painting a stripe on a road or moving asphalt, where now the barrels have to be picked up and moved as the operation proceeds. “That way you don’t have to block off a 10-mile strip for the operation ,” Farritor said.

While prototypes have been made, they are not in use anywhere. Farritor said he has applied for a patent and is considering what to do next. He is thinking about starting a small business. He is also thinking about marketing the robots to roads departments and others across the country who may benefit from them.

51. A. work B place C. order D. action

【解析】对应前面说可以move out of the way让路、移开，所以后面应该是移动进去这个地方。

选择B move into place

52. A. block B cut C. set D. turn

【解析】For example, if workers arrived at 6 am, the cones could move from the side of the highway to (52)_____ off the lane at that time. 前面说如果workes 在六点，那么这些锥体可以从高速道路的一边移过来封闭那段时间的道路。

A.封闭道路;

B.切断;

C.出发;

D.关闭。

53. A. clean B. important C. entire D. original

【解析】前面说移过来挡住道路，一天结束后就可以移回原来的位置。

A.干净的;

B.重要的;

C.完整的;

D.原来的。

54. A. employ B. observe C. remove D. instruct

【解析】The robotic cones would also help (54)_____ people from hazardous jobs on the highway putting barrels and cones into place,”

从hazardous 一词能够看出来，将人们从危险的工作中移出来。

A.雇佣;

B.观察;

C.移开;

D.指导。

55. A. idea B. report C. demand D. fund

【解析】using a National Academy of Sciences grant. The (55) _____allowed Farritor to work on the project ..前面说有grant资金，后面这个资金能够使得他们从事这个项目。

A.想法;

B.报告;

C.要求;

D.资金赞助。

56. A. helpful B. beautiful C. small D. huge

【解析】enough not to greatly change the appearance of the constuction aides ..后面是说不影响这个外观，证明这个机器人必须是足够的小。

57. A. Kindly B. Normally C. Greatly D. Strangely

【解析】“(57)_____ there’s a kind of rubbery, black base to them. We replace that (58) _____a robot.”通常如果有橡皮，沥青的话，我们就会用机器人去取代他，所以选择B。

A.亲切地;

B.正常地，通常地;

C.巨大地;

D.奇怪地。

58. A. at B. on C. in D. with

【解析】代替，replace ....with ...

59. A. related B. typical C. useful D. visible

【解析】前面是说道路上是可以使用这个机器人的，所以应该是跟道路部门说他的有用性。

选择C。

A.有关的;

B.典型的;

C.有用的;

D.能看见的。

60. A. why B. where C. when D. what

【解析】The robots could come in handy following a slow-moving maintenance operation, like painting a stripe on a road or moving asphalt, (60)_____ now the barrels have to be picked up and moved as the operation (61)_____.

机器人能够派上用场，跟着一个行驶缓慢的维护设备，比如说在马路上刷斑马线或者移除沥青，在这些地方barrel桶就必须捡起来然后跟着这个设备前进。

61. A. proceeds B. functions . finishes D. Improves

【解析】A .前进;

B.运作;

C.结束;

D.提高，提升。

62. A. If B. While C. Since D. Because

【解析】(62)_____ prototypes have been made, they are not in use anywhere. 虽然这个模范被制作出来，但是还没有使用。

63. A. applied B. asked C. called D. argued

【解析】Farritor said he has (63) _____for a pattent .申请专利。

64. A. saving B .marketing C. moving D. devising

【解析】He is thinking about starting a small business. He is also thinking about (64)_____ the robots to roads departments and others across the country who may (65) _____from them.

从business得知，他是想把这个机器人商业化、市场化，介绍给这些能够机器人获益的部门。

65. A. benefit B. protect C. learn D. inspire

【解析】benefit from从中受益。

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Local governments,therefore,should take measures to protect their residents. “Unfortunately, they tend to move towards rhetoric rather than meaningful responses,” Romero Lankao writes. “They don’t impose construction standards that could reduce heating and air conditioning needs. They don’t emphasize mass transit and reduce automobile, use. In fact, many local governments are taking a hands-off approach.” Thus, she urges them to change their idle policies and to take strong steps to prevent the harmful effects of’ climate change on cities. Free Statins With Fast Food Could Neutralize Heart Risk Fast food outlets could provide statin drugs free of charge so that customers can reduce the heart disease dangers of fatty food, researchers at Imperial College London suggest in a new study. Statins reduce the amount of unhealthy “LDL ” cholesterol in the blood. 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Better Solar Energy Systems: More Heat, More Light Solar photovoltaic thermal energy systems, or PVTs, generate both heat and electricity, but until now they haven’t been very good at the heat-generating part compared to a stand-alone solar thermal collector. That’s because they operate at low temperatures to cool crystalline silicon solar cells, which lets the silicon generate more electricity but isn’t a very efficient way to gather heat. That ’s a problem of economics. Good solar hot-water systems can harvest much more energy than a solar-electric system at a substantially lower cost. And it ，s also a space problem ：photovoltaic cells can take up all the space on the roof, leaving little room for thermal applications. In a pair of studies, Joshua Pearce, an associate professor of materials science and engineering, has devised a solution in the form of a better PVT made with a different kind of silicon. 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The research will provide a better understanding of why the percentage of overweight students in Britain has increased in the last decade.Unfortunately,the government cannot criticise parents,but it can remind them of the nutritional value of milk,fruit and vegetables.Small changes in their children’s diet can_affect their future health.Children can easily develop bad eating_habits at this age,and parents are the only ones who can prevent it.A Powerful Influence There can be no doubt at all that the Internet has made a huge difference1to our lives.Parents are worried that children spend too much time playing on the Internet,hardly ever doing anything else in their spare time.Naturally,parents are curious to find out why the Internet is so attractive,and they want to know if it can be harmful for their children.Should parents worry if their children are spending that much time staring at their computers? Obviously,if children are bent over their computers for hours,absorbed in some game,instead of doing their homework,then something is wrong.Parents and children could decide how much use the child should_make of the Internet,and the child should give his or her word that it won’t interfere with homework.If the child is not holding to this arrangement,the parent can take more drastic steps dealing with a child’s use of the Internet is not much different from negotiating any other sort of bargain about behaviour.Any parent who is_seriously alarmed about a child’s behaviour should make an appointment to discuss the matter with a teacher.Spending time in front of the screen does not necessarily affect a child’s performance at school.Even if a child is absolutely crazy about using the Internet,he or she is probably just going through a phase,and in a few months there will be something else to worry about!The Old Gate In the Middle Ages the vast majority of European cities had walls around them.This was partly for defensive reasons but another factor was the need to keep out anyone regarded as undesirable,like people with contagious diseases.The Old City of London gates were all demolished by the end of the 18th century.The last of London’s gates was removed a century ago,but by a stroke of luck,it was never destroyed. This gate is,in actual fact,not called a gate at all;its name is Temple Bar,and it marked the boundary between the Old City of London and Westminster.In 1878the Council of London took the Bar down,numbered the stones and put the gate in storage because its design was unfashionable it was expensive to maintain and it was blocking the traffic. The Temple Bar Trust was set up in the 1970’s with the intention of returning the gate home.The aim of the Trust is the preservation of the nation’s architectural heritage.Transporting the gate will mean physically pulling it down,stone by stone,removing and rebuilding it near St Paul’s Cathedral.Most of the facade of the gate will probably be replaced,though there is a good chance that the basic structure will be sound.The hardest job of all,however,will be to recreate the statues of the monarchs that once stood on top of the gate.Family History In an age when technology is developing faster than ever before,many people are being attracted to the idea of looking back into the past.One way they can do this is by investigating their own family history.They can try to find out more about where their families came from and what they did.This is now a fast-growing hobby,especially in countries with a fairly short history,like Australia and the United States. It is one thing to spend some time going through a book on family history and to take the decision to investigate your own family’s past.It is quite another to carry out the research work successfully.It is easy to set about it in a disorganized way and_cause yourself many problems which could have been avoided with a little forward planning. If your own family stories tell you that you are connected with a famous character,whether hero or criminal,do not let this idea take over your research.Just treat it as an interesting possibility.A simple system for collecting and storing your information will be adequate to start with;a more complex one may only get in your way.The most important thing,though,is to get started.Who knows what you might find? Helen and Martin With a thoughtful sigh,Helen turned away from the window and walked back to her favourite armchair.Would her brother never arrive?For a brief moment,she wondered if she really cared that much. Over the years Helen had given up waiting for Martin to take an interest in her.Her feelings for him had gradually weakened until now,as she sat waiting for him,she experienced no more than a sister’s curiosity to see what had become of her brother. Almost without warning,Martin had lost his job with a busy publishing company after spending the last eight years in New York as a key figure in the US office.Somehow the two of them hadn’t bothered to keep in touch and,left alone,Helen had slowly found