各种项目资助计划翻译

【转】中国各类基金资助项目英文翻译（中英文对照）中国各类基金资助项目英文翻译（中英文对照）

不完全统计表明，国内期刊多习惯于将基金资助项目的信息作为论文首页的脚注，国外期刊则多将其作为“致谢”的一部分标注。

通常情况下只需列出项目的资助号即可，不必标注具体的项目名称。如:Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.60171009),the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China(Grant No.G2000077405)and the Key Project of Science and Technology of Shanghai(Grant No.02DZ/5002).

对于国家自然科学基金资助项目，通常只需要统一标注“National Natural Science Foundation of China”和项目的资助号即可，不必再分别标“注面上项目”(General Program),“重点项目”(Key Program),“重大项目”(Major Program)等进一步信息。

科技部

国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划):National High-tech R&D Program of China(863Program);

国家重点基础研究发展规划(973计划):National Program on Key Basic Research Project(973 Program)

国家985重点建设项目:Key Construction Program of the National“985”Project

“九五”攻关项目:National Key Technologies R&D Program of China during the9th Five-Year Plan Period

国家基础研究计划:National Basic Research Priorities Program of China;

国家科技攻关计划:National Key Technologies R&D Program of China;

国家攀登计划—B课题资助:Supported by National Climb—B Plan

国家重大科学工程二期工程基金资助:National Important Project on Science-PhaseⅡof NSRL

教育部

国家教育部科学基金资助:Science Foundation of Ministry of Education of China

教育部科学技术研究重点(重大)项目资助:Key(Key grant)Project of Chinese Ministry of Education

国家教育部博士点基金资助项目:Ph.D.Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China

高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金:Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China(缩写:RFDP)

国家教育部博士点专项基金资助:Doctoral Fund of Ministry of Education of China

中国博士后科学基金:Supported by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation

国家教育部回国人员科研启动基金资助:Scientific Research Foundation for Returned Scholars, Ministry of Education of China

国家教育部留学回国人员科研启动金:Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars,State Education Ministry(SRF for ROCS,SEM)

跨世纪优秀人才计划国家教委《跨世纪优秀人才计划》基金:Trans-Century Training Programme Foundation for the Talents by the State Education Commission

国家教育部优秀青年教师基金资助:Science Foundation for The Excellent Youth Scholars of Ministry of Education of China

高等学校骨干教师资助计划:Foundation for University Key Teacher by the Ministry of Education of China

中国科学院

中国科学院基金资助:Science Foundation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences

中国科学院重点资助项目:Key Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences

中国科学院知识创新项目:Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences;

中国科学院“九五”重大项目:Major Programs of the Chinese Academy of Sciences during the9th Five-Year Plan Period;

中国科学院百人计划经费资助:One Hundred Person Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences

中国科学院院长基金特别资助:Special Foundation of President of the Chinese Academy of Sciences

中国科学院西部之光基金:West Light Foundation of The Chinese Academy of Sciences

中国科学院国际合作局重点项目资助:Supported by Bureau of International Cooperation,Chinese Academy of Sciences

中国科学院上海分院择优资助项目:Advanced Programs of Shanghai Branch,the Chinese Academy of Sciences;

基金委

国家自然科学基金(面上项目;重点项目;重大项目):National Natural Science Foundation of China(General Program;Key Program;Major Program);

国家杰出青年科学基金:National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars;

国家自然科学基金国际合作与交流项目:Supported by Projects of International Cooperation and Exchanges NSFC

海外及香港、澳门青年学者合作研究基金:Joint Research Fund for Overseas Chinese,Hong Kong and Macao Young Scholars

其他

日本科学技术厅科学家交流项目:Japan STA Scientist Exchange Program

海峡两岸自然科学基金共同资助:Science Foundation of Two sides of Strait

“九五”国家医学科技攻关基金资助项目:National Medical Science and Technique Foundation during the9th Five-Year Plan Period;

核工业科学基金资助:Science Foundation of Chinese Nuclear Industry

北京正负电子对撞机国家实验室重点课题资助:BEPC National Laboratory

兰州重离子加速器国家实验室原子核理论中心基金资助:Supported by Center of Theoretical Nuclear Physics,National Laboratory of Heavy Ion Accelerator of Lanzhou

北京市自然科学基金资助:Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation

河南省教育厅基金资助:Foundation of He’nan Educational Committee

河南省杰出青年基金（9911）资助:Excellent Youth Foundation of He’nan Scientific Committee 黑龙江省自然科学基金资助:Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province of China

湖北省教育厅重点项目资助:Educational Commission of Hubei Province of China

江苏省科委应用基础基金资助项目:Applied Basic Research Programs of Science and Technology Commission Foundation of Jiangsu Province.

山西省归国人员基金资助:Shanxi Province Foundation for Returness

山西省青年科学基金资助:Shanxi Province Science Foundation for Youths

上海市科技启明星计划资助:Shanghai Science and Technology Development Funds

东南大学基金资助:Foundation of Southeast of University

华北电力大学青年科研基金资助:Youth Foundation of North-China Electric Power University

华中师范大学自然科学基金资助:Natural Science Foundation of Central China Normal University 西南交通大学基础学科研究基金资助:Foundation Sciences Southwest Jiaotong University

基金项目英文翻译

1国家高技术研究发展计划资助项目（863计划）（No.）

This work was supported by a grant from the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(863Program)（No.）

2国家自然科学基金资助项目（No.）

General Program(面上项目),Key Program(重点项目),Major Program（重大项目）

This work was supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China（No.）3国家“九五”攻关项目(No.)

This work was supported by a grant from the National Key Technologies R&D Program of China during the9th Five-Year Plan Period（No.）

4中国科学院“九五”重大项目(No.)

This work was supported by a grant from the Major Programs of the Chinese Academy of Sciences during the9th Five-Year Plan Period（No.）

5中国科学院重点资助项目(No.)

This work was supported by a grant from the Key Programs of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No.)

6“九五”国家医学科技攻关基金资助项目(No.)

This work was supported by a grant from the National Medical Science and Technique Foundation during the9th Five-Year Plan Period（No.）

7江苏省科委应用基础基金资助项目(No.)

This work was supported by a grant from the Applied Basic Research Programs of Science and Technology Commission Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.)

8国家教育部博士点基金资助项目(No.)

This work was supported by a grant from the Ph.D.Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China(No.)

9中国科学院上海分院择优资助项目(No.)

This work was supported by a grant from Advanced Programs of Shanghai Branch,the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.)

10国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(973计划)(No.)

This work was supported by a grant from the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China(973Program)(No.)

11国家杰出青年科学基金(No.)

This work was supported by a grant from National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars （No.）

12海外香港青年学者合作研究基金(No.)

This work was supported by a grant from Joint Research Fund for Young Scholars in Hong Kong and Abroad（No.）

各项基金资助书写格式（中英文对照）

中国科学院基金资助

Supported by Science Foundation of The Chinese Academy of Sciences

中国科学院九五重大项目（项目编号：）资助

Supported by Major Subject of The Chinese Academy of Sciences（项目编号：）

中国科学院院长基金特别资助

Supported by Special Foundation of President of The Chinese Academy of Sciences

中国科学院国际合作局重点项目资助

Supported by Bureau of International Cooperation,The Chinese Academy of Sciences

中国科学院百人计划经费资助

Supported by100Talents Program of The Chinese Academy of Sciences

Supported by One Hundred Person Project of The Chinese Academy of Sciences

中国科学院知识创新工程重大项目资助

Supported by Knowledge Innovation Project of The Chinese Academy of Sciences

Supported by Knowledge Innovation Program of The Chinese Academy of Sciences

中国科学院西部之光基金（项目编号：）资助

Supported by West Light Foundation of The Chinese Academy of Sciences（项目编号：）

北京正负电子对撞机国家实验室重点课题资助

Supported by BEPC National Laboratory

兰州重离子加速器国家实验室原子核理论中心基金资助

Supported by Center of Theoretical Nuclear Physics,National Laboratory of Heavy Ion Accelerator of Lanzhou

国家自然科学基金（项目编号：）资助

Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China（项目编号：）

[Supported by NSFC（项目编号：）]

国家自然科学基金重大项目资助

Supported by Major Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(1991483)

国家自然科学基金国际合作与交流项目（项目编号：）资助

Supported by Projects of International Cooperation and Exchanges NSFC（项目编号：）

国家重点基础研究发展规划项目（项目编号：）资助(973计划项目)

Supported by Major State Basic Research Development Program（项目编号：）Supported by China Ministry of Science and Technology under Contract（项目编号：）Supported by State Key Development Program of(for)Basic Research of China（项目编号：）国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)资助

Supported by National High Technology Research and Development Program of China

国家重大科学工程二期工程基金资助

Supported by National Important Project on Science-PhaseⅡof NSRL

国家攀登计划—B课题资助

Supported by National Climb—B Plan

国家杰出青年科学基金资助

Supported by National Natural Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scholar

国家科技部基金资助

Supported by State Commission of Science Technology of China（科委）

Supported by Ministry of Science and Technology of China

中国博士后科学基金

Supported by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation

海峡两岸自然科学基金（项目编号：）共同资助

Supported by Science Foundation of Two sides of Strait（项目编号：）

核工业科学基金资助

Supported by Science Foundation of Chinese Nuclear Industry

国家教育部科学基金资助

Supported by Science Foundation of The Chinese Education Commission(教委)

Supported by Science Foundation of Ministry of Education of China

国家教育部博士点专项基金资助

Supported by Doctoral Fund of Ministry of Education of China

国家教育部回国人员科研启动基金资助

Supported by Scientific Research Foundation for Returned Scholars,Ministry of Education of China 国家教育部优秀青年教师基金资助

Supported by Science Foundation for The Excellent Youth Scholars of Ministry of Education of China 高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金资助

Supported by Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China

Supported by Doctoral Program Foundation of Institutions of Higher Education of China

霍英东教育基金会青年教师基金资助

黑龙江省自然科学基金资助

Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province of China

湖北省教育厅重点项目资助

Supported by Educational Commission of Hubei Province of China

河南省杰出青年基金（9911）资助

Supported by Excellent Youth Foundation of He’nan Scientific Committee（项目编号：）河南省教育厅基金资助

Supported by Foundation of He’nan Educational Committee

山西省青年科学基金（项目编号：）资助

Supported by Shanxi Province Science Foundation for Youths（项目编号：）

山西省归国人员基金资助

Supported by Shanxi Province Foundation for Returness

北京市自然科学基金资助

Supported by Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation

上海市科技启明星计划（项目编号：）资助

Supported by Shanghai Science and Technology Development Funds（项目编号：）

华北电力大学青年科研基金资助

Supported by Youth Foundation of North-China Electric Power University

华中师范大学自然科学基金资助

Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Central China Normal University

东南大学基金（项目编号：）资助

Supported by Foundation of Southeast of University（项目编号：）

西南交通大学基础学科研究基金（项目编号：）资助

Supported by Foundation Sciences Southwest Jiaotong University（项目编号：）

日本科学技术厅科学家交流项目（项目编号：）

Supported by Japan STA Scientist Exchange Program（项目编号：）

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2019年车辆工程专业毕业论文_外文翻译1.doc

Drive force control of a parallel-series hybrid system Abstract Since each component of a hybrid system has its own limit of performance, the vehicle power depends on the weakest component. So it is necessary to design the balance of the components. The vehicle must be controlled to operate within the performance range of all the components. We designed the specifications of each component backward from the required drive force. In this paper we describe a control method for the motor torque to avoid damage to the battery, when the battery is at a low state of charge. Society of Automotive Engineers of Japan, Inc. and Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction In recent years, vehicles with internal combustion engines have increasingly played an important role as a means of transportation, and are contributing much to the development of society. However, vehicle emissions contribute to air pollution and possibly even global warming, which require effective countermeasures. Various developments are being made to reduce these emissions, but no further large improvements can be expected from merely improving the current engines and transmissions. Thus, great expectations are being placed on the development of electric, hybrid and natural gas-driven vehicles. Judging from currently applicable technologies, and the currently installed infrastructure of gasoline stations, inspection and service facilities, the hybrid vehicle, driven by the combination of gasoline engine and electric motor, is considered to be one of the most realistic solutions. Generally speaking, hybrid systems are classified as series or parallel systems. At Toyota, we have developed the Toyota Hybrid System (hereinafter referred to as the THS) by combining the advantages of both systems. In this sense the THS could be classified as a parallel-series type of system. Since the THS constantly optimizes engine operation, emissions are cleaner and better fuel economy can be achieved. During braking, Kinetic energy is recovered by the motor, thereby reducing fuel consumption and subsequent CO 2 emissions. Emissions and fuel economy are greatly improved by using the THS for the power train system. However, the THS incorporates engine, motor, battery and other components, each of which has its own particular capability. In other words, the driving force must be generated within the limits of each respective component. In particular, since the battery output varies greatly depending on its level of charge, the driving force has to be controlled with this in mind. This report clarifies the performance required of the respective THS components based on the driving force necessary for a vehicle. The method of controlling the driving force, both when the battery has high and low charge, is also described. 2. Toyota hybrid system (THS) [1,2] As Fig. 1 shows, the THS is made up of a hybrid transmission, engine and battery. 2.1. Hybrid transmission The transmission consists of motor, generator, power split device and reduction gear. The power split device is a planetary gear. Sun gear, ring gear and planetary carrier are directly connected to generator, motor and engine, respectively. The ring gear is also connected to the reduction gear. Thus, engine power is split into the generator and the driving wheels. With this type of mechanism, the

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Study on Project Cost Control of Construction Enterprises By: R. Max Wideman Abstract With the increasing maturity of construction market, the competition between construction enterprises is becoming fierce. The project profit is gradually decreasing. It demands that all construction enterprises enhance their cost control, lower costs, improve management efficiency and gain maximal profits. This paper analyses the existing problems on project cost control of Chinese construction enterprises, and proposes some suggestions to improve project cost control system. Key Words ：Construction enterprises, Project management, Cost control After joining the WTO, with Chinese construction market becoming integrated, the competition among architectural enterprises is turning more intense. Construction enterprises must continually enhance the overall competitiveness if they want to develop further at home and abroad construction market. Construction Enterprises basically adopt the "project management-centered" model, therefore, it is particularly important to strengthen project cost control. 1.The Current Domestic Project Cost Classification and Control Methods Cost refers to the consumption from producing and selling of certain products, with the performance of various monetary standing for materialized labor and labor-consuming. Direct and indirect costs constitute the total cost, also known as production cost or manufacturing cost. Enterprise product cost is the comprehensive indicator to measure enterprise quality of all aspects. It is not only the fund compensation scale, but also the basis to examine the implementation of cost plan. Besides, it can provide reference for product pricing According to the above-mentioned definition and current domestic cost classification, construction project cost can be divided into direct costs and indirect costs. Direct costs include material cost, personnel cost, construction machinery cost, material transportation cost, temporarily facility cost, engineering cost and other direct cost. Indirect costs mainly result from project management and company's cost-sharing, covering project operating costs (covering the commission of foreign projects), project's management costs (including exchange losses of

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例如，项目进度表和成本账户通常是被分离的，结果项目管理者必须从关于项目的不同报告和他们自己的观察角度来综合一个全面的观点。特别是，经理常常被迫推测因改变进度表而带来的费用增加，而不是获得为进度表的调整而提供的帮助。各种类型信息的交流和综合化可以提供一定数量的有益作用，虽然他在项目控制规程的常理过程中要特别注意。 12.2 项目预算 为了项目的成本控制，建筑计划的伴生的现金流动估计可以为税后的项目监控提供参考依据。为了进度表，可以将各个单独活动的进展和完成重点工程所获得的成就与工程进度相比，以监控项目的进展程度。合同和施工规范为估计和保证建筑所必须的质量提供标准。最终或详细的成本估计为项目期间财政表现的评估提供参考依据。在将费用列为详细成本估计的基础上，可以认为项目是在财政控制下的。特定类别成本的超支提示了可能存在的问题并且对可能遇到的问题提出确切的提示。建筑计划和控制所发生的费用重点在于最终成本估计所包括的类别，这个焦点对一些少量活动或大量重复活动如铺车行道这类工程最为适宜。 为了控制或监测的目的，原始的详细成本估计被特地转换成方案预算，并且在随后被作为管理的指南。详细成本估算中的具体项目成为工作成本因素。项目过程中酸发生的费用被分类别记录在具体成本账户以便于于是成本比较。因此，单独的成本账户一般代表成本控制的基本单元。不可避免地，成本账户也许被分开也许被划入那些与特殊预定活动和特殊成本账户相关的工作元素中。 除了成本数额之外，关于每个工作账户上的材料数量和劳力投入也会被特别保留在方案预算中。通过这个信息可以将实际材料使用率和劳力与预期要求相比较。结果，可以分析出特殊项目上的费用超支或节约的原因，或许是单价的变化，或许是劳动生产率变化或材料消耗的变化。

工程管理专业研究建设项目的工程造价大学毕业论文外文文献翻译及原文

毕业设计（论文） 外文文献翻译 文献、资料中文题目：研究建设项目的工程造价 文献、资料英文题目： 文献、资料来源： 文献、资料发表（出版）日期： 院（部）： 专业：工程管理 班级： 姓名： 学号： 指导教师： 翻译日期： 2017.02.14

科技文献翻译 题目：研究建设项目的工程造价 研究建设项目的工程造价 摘要 在工程建设中，中国是拥有世界最大投资金额和具有最多建设项目的国家。它是一 项在建设项目管理上可以为广泛的工程管理人员进行有效的工程造价管理，并合理 确定和保证施工质量和工期的条件控制施工成本的重要课题。 在失去了中国建筑的投资和技术经济工程，分离的控制现状的基础上，通过建设成 本控制的基本理论为指导，探讨控制方法和施工成本的应用，阐述了存在的问题在 施工成本控制和对决心和施工成本的控制这些问题的影响，提出了建设成本控制应 体现在施工前期，整个施工过程中的成本控制，然后介绍了一些程序和应用价值工 程造价的方法在控制建设项目的所有阶段。 关键词：建设成本，成本控制，项目 1.研究的意义 在中国，现有的工程造价管理体系是20世纪50年代制定的，并在1980s.Traditional 施工成本管理方法改进是根据国家统一的配额，从原苏联引进的一种方法。它的特 点是建设成本的计划经济的管理方法，这决定了它无法适应当前市场经济的要求。 在中国传统建筑成本管理方法主要包括两个方面，即建设成本和施工成本控制方法 的测定方法。工程造价的确定传统的主要做法生搬硬套国家或地方统一的配额数量 来确定一个建设项目的成本。虽然这种方法已经历了20多年的改革，到现在为止，计划经济管理模式的影响仍然有已经存在在许多地区。我们传统的工程造价控制的

载重汽车变速箱外文文献翻译、汽车车辆工程中英文翻译、外文翻译

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