比较级与最高级语法专讲
形容词分为三种等级:原级,比较级与最高级。
一、形容词的原级及用法
◆形容词的原级(形容词本来面目不作变化)
1.表示没有进行比较或进行同级比较
2.可以修饰原级的词: very , quite , enough(“足够”,用在形容词后) , so , pretty , too , how , rather(相当) .
(not) as/so…as (不)像/如…一样, 同级比较= less + adj ./adv .原形+than
. 我们多么高兴啊!How happy we are !
这把尺子和那把一样长。
This ruler is as long as that one .
>
(变否定句) 这把尺子不如那把长
This ruler isn’t as/so long as that one .
This ruler is less long than that one .
二、形容词比较级最高级变化规则
①单音节词比较级在词尾加er,最高级加est
cold —colder —coldest tall —taller —tallest
high —higher —highest long —longer —longest
②以字母e结尾的词只加r或st
nice —nicer —nicest late —later —latest fine —finer —finest
③重读闭音节双写辅音字母再加er或est
big —bigger —biggest hot —hotter —hottest wet —wetter —wettest thin —thinner —thinnest red—redder —reddest fat —fatter —fattest sad —sadder —saddest
…
④以辅音字母+y结尾的词把y变i再加er或est
easy — easier — easiest early — earlier — earliest
funny — funnier — funniest happy — happier — happiest
heavy— heavier — heaviest dirty — dirtier — dirtiest
⑤多音节词、部分双音节词(特别是ful结尾及v.+ed/ing构成的形容词)及个别单音节词(fun)在前面加more或most
interesting important difficult excited tired careful popular expensive boring fun
⑥不规则变化
little —— less —— least good / well —— better —— best
&
bad / ill / badly —— worse —— worst many / much —— more —— most
old —— older —— oldest (年龄大的,与than连用)
old —— elder ——eldest(“年长的”,只作定语不与than连用)
far —— farther —— farthest (距离远)
far —— further —— furthest (除距离外,还指程度上更进一步的)
◆副词比较级和最高级的变化规则大致与此相同
三、比较级用法
1.表示两者之间进行比较,“更…”
2.可以修饰比较级的词: much = a lot (…得多) a little = a bit (…一点点) even (甚至) far (远远…) any (丝毫,稍微,) 用于否定和疑问句中
3.比较级标志: than or
4.形容词比较级句式:①A +谓语动词+ 形容词的比较级+ than + B. (A比B…)
~
玛丽比凯特更瘦。Mary is thinner than Kate.
②Which/Who +谓语动词+形容词比较级, A or B (哪个/谁更…, A 还是B)
Who runs faster , Mary or Kate
6.比较级特殊用法:
①the +比较级+of the two… ——“两者中较…的”
他是两个男孩中较高的。He’s the taller one of the two boys .
②“比较级+and+比较级”或“more and more +多音节词” ——“越来越…”
他越来越高。He’s taller and taller
,
英语越来越重要English is more and more important .
③The+比较级…, the+比较级… “越…, 越…”
你越快乐就越美丽。The happier you are , the more beautiful you are .
④the +序数词+形容词最高级+n 意为第几最……的
The Yellow river is the second longest river in China.
黄河是中国第二长的河流。
⑤比较级+than any other +n单.+in+同一范围
她比班里其他任何一个女孩都漂亮。She’s more beautiful than any other girl in our class.
= 她是班上最漂亮的女孩。She’s the most beautiful girl in our class.
◆该用法虽然出现了in所引导的比较范围但是仍要用比较级,此成为用比较级表示最高级,实质是最高级。
四、最高级用法
,
1.表示三者或三者以上的比较,“最…”
2.比较级前必须加the , 副词前的the可以省略。
3.最高级标志:in of or(三者及三者以上)
in后跟比较范围, of后跟进行比较的同类事物。
4.句式:
①the +最高级+(n.) + in +比较范围
我是我们班最聪明的。I’m the smartest in our class.
②the + 最高级+(n.) + of +同类事物
这本书是所有书中最有趣的。This book is the most interesting of all the books.
③Which/Who +v.(单数) +最高级, A, B or C?
Jay, Will和Jack谁最收欢迎Who is the most popular, Jay, Will or Jack
@
五、例题解析与难点攻克
◆主语为物时的比较对象的一致性问题
1. My bag is bigger than you. 误
My bag is bigger than your. 误
My bag is bigger than your bag. 正
My bag is bigger than yours. 正
比较对象应与主语对等,than后的其比较对象可为:
①限定词+n.
②名词所有格(一般省略其后相同的名词)
③名词性物主代词(=形容词性物主代词+n.) mine,yours ,his,hers ,its ,ours,theirs
4. The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Shanghai. 当主语有后置定语修饰时,为保证比较对象一致,常用that/those指代比较对象。