搜档网
当前位置:搜档网 › HND 商法 outcome 3

HND 商法 outcome 3

HND 商法 outcome 3
HND 商法 outcome 3

Case Study 1

Questions:

1. List the main business organizations recognized by Scots Law.

2. Given the fact that Lisa will be running the business herself and, for the time being, she is unlikely to be employing anyone, how would you classify her business?

3. Identify two advantages and two disadvantages of the type of business organization run by Lisa

Case Question 1

The main business organizations recognized by Scots Law are:

Sole trader

Partnership

Limited liability

Private company

Public company

Question 2

① Lisa is running a very small business, so the most appropriate form of organization is sole trader.

② According to the Companies Regulation 1992, Lisa’s organization form does not fit for the condition of private company; such a private company is limited by shares or by guarantee and need only have on member.

③ As a result, we can judge that the organization form of Lisa’s company is sole trader.

Question 3

Advantages:

① very basic legal requirements to comply with

② Total control over his/her business and does not have to take into account the opinions of any shareholders.

③ It is the simplest form of business organization recognized by Scots Law

④ A sole trader is to all intents and purposes to be regarded as a self-employed person.

Disadvantages:

① A sole trader may find it difficult to fund an expansion of the business because she/he can not offer shares to other parties in order to raise funds.(筹集资金) ② If the business fail, the sole trader is said t o have unlimited liability for any debts or obligations owed to third parties.

③ The inclusion of new partners would force a change in the nature of business, operation by converting it into a partnership or some other form of corporate body.

④ (in a ny case), A business expansion requiring a major injection of capital might entail a loss of control over the business because new members who are a source of new finance will almost certainly demand a say in the running of the business. 以上优、缺点各选两个答即可

Case Study 2

Question 1

What are the main differences between a traditional partnership and a limited liability partnership (LLP)?

Partnership

Unincorporated body

Partners have unlimited liability in respect of partnership debts

No need to be registered with registrar of companies and no need to supply formal documents

Regulated by Partnership Act 1890

LLP

Corporate body

Members enjoy limited liability in respect of LLP debts

Must be registered with the registrar of companies and certain documents must be supplied

Regulated by LLP Act 2000

Question 2

What are the main advantages for an existing partnership when it changes to a limited liability partnership?

① The reason why many traditional partnerships try to translate to LLP is that the members can enjoy the limited responsibilities.

② Further more, under the conditions of losing of privacy and greatering external regulation for the members, lots of traditional partnerships definitely hope to translate to LLP.(because of LLP…)

Question 3

What is the nature of the legal relationship between partners in firm and members of a LLP?

① There exist a fiduciary relationship in law relationship between company and partners.

② 举例说明公司与成员之间的忠实关系 Pillans Brothers v Pillans [1908]

③ According to Limited Liability Partnerships Act 2000, section 6 regulations, there should be recognized to an agent’s relationship between members and LLP.

④ The general rule of the law agency that an agent (member) must always act in the best interest of his principal (LLP).

⑤ A member is not an agent of his fellow members.

Case Study 3

Question 1

What is a company’s objects clause?

① Object clause 是存在于Memorandum of Association 之中的。

② Object clause 通常是公司的成立目的并且列出了公司可以从事的商业或商事行为。

③ Before the reforms introduce d by the Companies Act 1989, 公司无权与第三人签订任何商业协议,除非公司的object clause有明确规定。

④ 假如公司 object clause 没有授权公司去从事某项商业交易时,则公司就没有行为能力(lack of capacity)去订立合同,并且第三方也不能抗辩(third party was no defence).

⑤ Nowadays, many companies will have straight forward objects claus es which allow them to enter into any type of business of commercial transaction whatsoever.

Question 2

Does MacGregor have the right to withdraw from the project with Constructit?

① Macgregor 没有权力撤销它与Constructit 之间的协议。

② As a result of reforms int roduced by the Companies Act 1989, Section 35 of the Companies Act 1985 now states that every contract is enforceable against the company.

③ No act done by a company may be questioned by the fact that it was beyond its legal capacity as stated in its objects clause in the Memorandum of Association.

④ Section 35B of the 1985 Act goes on to say that there is no necessity for a

third party to check that a proposed contract is within the powers of the company as per the Memorandum of Association.

⑤ The Section 3A of the company Act 1985 now permits a company to have a simplified objects clause which means a company can enter into practically any contract whatsoever with third parties.

⑥ In situation where third parties dealing with the company here f ailed to act in good faith and where the Directors have exceed their authority, Section 35A, Companies Act 1985 raise the possibility that such an ultra virus (毒树之果) contract may be declared voidable by the company.

⑦ 举例 Ashbury Railway Carriage & Iron Co v Riche [1875]

Question 3

Will the legal action by MacGregor shareholders be successful so that the company will be forced to pay out the expected bonuses?

① 根据Companies Act 1985, Section 14中的规定,公司当中最重要的两个文件分别是Article of Association & Memorandum of Association. 股东是否有权利分红(receive bonuses)完全取决于公司的Article of Association 的规定。

② 假使规定可以,那么股东可以根据Section 14 的规定去起诉并要求公司分红(force payment of dividends)。但是,假如分红的规定只是随意的(discretionary)由公司决定,那么公司就有权暂缓(suspend)在今年分红。

③ 举例(任选其一):

⒈ Eley v Positive Life Assuran ce Co Ltd [1876]

2. Hickman v Kent or Romney Marsh sheep Breaders’ Association [1915]

3. Rayfield v Hands [1960]

4. Wood v Odessa Waterworks Co [1889]

Case 4

Question 1

List three differences between a private company and a public company.

Question 2

Can people simply decide to set up any kind of company and begin to trade immediately?

Question 3

What kind of legal status is a company said to have?

Question 4

What management body is responsible for the day-to-day running of a company?

Question 5

What is the most common type of liability for company members?

Keys

Question 1 (注意看上面的题目,只用选三个写就好)

① private: only one director is required

public: there must be at least 2 directors

② private: limited by shares or by guarantee need only have one me mber public: there must by at least 2 members

③ private: there is no upper age limit for directors

public: directors must retire when they reach the age of 70

④ private: Audited accounts must be produced within 10 months of the end of the financial year

public: Audited accounts must be produced within 7 months of the year end (更为

严格)

⑤ private: Trading can start as soon as a certificate of Incorporation is obtained.

public: Public companies can not begin trading without having been issued with a Section 117 certificate.

⑥ private: Company name must end in “Limited” or “Ltd”

public: Company name must end in “public limited company” or “PLC”

⑦ private: The Article of Association of a private limited company may provide for a right of pre-emption so that when a member wishes to sell or to transfer ownership of his share he must first offer them to existing member.

public: Members must be free to transfer their shares as they please.

⑧ private: There is no minimum capital requirement

public: A public company must have minimum issued share capital of at least £50,000.

⑨ private: The shares can not be traded or listed on the other exchange.

public: Shares can be listed on the stock exchange and can be traded.

Case Study 1

Question 1

The main business organisations recognised by Scots Law are:

.

sole trader

.

partnerships

.

limited partnerships

.

limited liability partnerships

.

private companies

.

public companies

Question 2

Given the fact that Lisa is running a very small business, it will almost be certainly run as a sole

trader enterprise. There is the very remote possibility — and it is very remote — that a small

business could be run as a single member private company in terms of the Companies (Single

Member Private Limited Companies) Regulations 1992. Such a private company is limited by

shares or by guarantee and need only have one member. Nowhere, however, does it mention

that the business is limited by shares or by guarantee and we would, therefore, assume that it has

the character of a sole trader.

Question 3

The advantages of a sole trader business are:

1

It is the simplest form of business organisation recognised by Scots Law.

2

A sole trader is to all intents and purposes to be regarded as a self-employed person. In

other words, no difference is made between the sole trader and his or her business; they

are legally indistinguishable.

3 Very basic legal requirements to comply with ie submission of income tax returns to the

Inland Revenue and the disclosure requirements of the Business Names Act 1985.

4 Total control over his or her business and does not have to take into account the

of any shareholders, members or partners.

The disadvantages of a sole trader business are:

1 If the business fails, the sole trader is said to have unlimited liability for any debts or

obligations owed to third parties.

2 A sole trader may find it difficult to fund an expansion of the business because she/he

cannot offer shares to other parties in order to raise funds.

3

In any case, a business expansion requiring a major injection of capital might entail a loss

of control over the business because new partners, shareholders or members who are a

source of new finance will almost certainly demand a say in the running of the business.

4

The inclusion of new partners, members or shareholders would force a change in the nature of the business operation by converting it into a partnership or some other

corporate body (public/private companies or a limited liability partnership).

Case Study 2

【】

Question 1

There are many differences between a traditional partnership and a limited liability partnership

(LLP), but candidates should be able to pinpoint the following characteristics of both types of

business organisation from the table below:

Partnership Limited liability partnership

Unincorporated business Corporate body

No need to be registered with Registrar of

Companies and no need to supply formal

documents

Must be registered with the Registrar of

Companies and certain documents must be

supplied

Regulated by Partnership Act 1890 (unless the

partners agree otherwise)

Regulated by the Limited Liability

Partnerships Act 2000

Partners have unlimited liability in respect of

partnership debts/liabilities ie they are jointly

and severally liable and can be pursued to their

last penny

Members enjoy limited liability in respect of

LLP debts/liabilities ie they will only be

liable to the extent of their stake in the

business

Practice Note

It would be highly advisable to concentrate on the differences between a traditional partnership

and an LLP when introducing candidates to this area of the course.

Question 2

Currently, many traditional partnerships have sought LLP status because of the perceived

benefits of limited liability for the members of an LLP —even if this does represent a loss of

privacy and greater external regulation for the members ie registration with the Registrar of

Companies and tougher auditing requirements.

Question 3

The legal relationship between partners in a firm is classified as a fiduciary relationship ie a

relationship of trust. Partners are agents of their fellow partners and also of the firm itself.

Candidates should cite the following case which exemplifies the nature of the fiduciary

relationship between partners:

.

Pillans Brothers v Pillans [1908]

The legal relationship between a member and a limited liability partnership will also be

classified as a fiduciary relationship. Section 6 of the Limited Liability Partnerships Act 2000

states that the members of an LLP are to be regarded as the agents of the business and it is a

general rule of the law of agency that an agent (the member) must always act in the best

interests of his principal (the LLP). It is important to bear in mind that a member is not an agent

of his fellow members.

Case Study 3

Question 1

A company’s objects clause is found in its Memorandum of Association. The objects clause sets

out the purpose of the company usually in the form of a list (sometimes a very long list) of the

various commercial and business activities that it is likely to undertake. Before the reforms

introduced by the Companies Act 1989, companies could not enter into certain contracts with

third parties unless such a commercial transaction was listed in the objects clause. Such an

unauthorised contract was void by reason of the company’s lack of capacity to enter such an

agreement in the first place and ignorance of the contents of the objects clause on the part of the

third party was no defence. Nowadays, many companies will have straightforward objects

clauses which allow them to enter into any type of business or commercial transaction whatsoever.

Question 2

No is the simple answer. MacGregor does not have legal justification for its withdrawal from

the contract with Constructit. MacGregor is attempting to rely on the old ultra vires rule. As a

result of reforms introduced by the Companies Act 1989, Section 35 of the Companies Act 1985

now states that every contract is enforceable against the company. No act done by a company

may be questioned by the fact that it was beyond its legal capacity as stated in its objects clause

in the Memorandum of Association. Section 35B of the 1985 Act goes on to say that there is no

necessity for a third party to check that a proposed contract is within the powers of the company

as per the Memorandum of Association. Furthermore, Section 3A of the Companies Act 1985

now permits a company to have a simplified objects clause which means a company can enter

into practically any contract whatsoever with third parties.

In situations where third parties dealing with the company have failed to act in good faith and

where the Directors have exceeded their authority, Section 35A: Companies Act 1985 raises the

possibility that such an ultra vires contract may be declared voidable by the company. In other

words, the ultra vires rule comes back to haunt third parties dealing with the company when

they act in bad faith — but not in this case study.

Candidates should cite the following case which emphasises the harshness of the old ultra vires

rule:

.

Ashbury Railway Carriage & Iron Co v Riche [1875]

Question 3

Candidates must reference their answer to Section 14 of the Companies Act 1985 ie the binding

contractual nature of the Memorandum of Association and the Articles of Association. The

shareholders will have to establish whether they are entitled to receive bonuses in terms of the

company’s Articles of Asso ciation. If so, they can raise an action against the company in terms

of Section 14 to force payment of dividends. If the payment of bonuses is purely discretionary,

the company may well have the right to suspend payment this year.

Candidates should be able to cite at least one of the following examples from case law in

support of their answer which demonstrate that the relationship between a company and its

members and between the members themselves is contractual in nature as per Section 14 of the

Companies Act 1985:

.

Eley v Positive Life Assurance Co Ltd [1876]

Hickman v Kent or Romney Marsh Sheep Breeders’ Association [1915]

.

Rayfield v Hands [1960]

.

Wood v Odessa Waterworks Co [1889]

Case Study 4

Question 1

There are numerous differences between private and public companies. It is often useful to give

candidates a list of the different characteristics of both organisations whereby they are able to

compare and contrast. Candidates are only being asked to list three differences between a

private company and a public company from the two lists set out below and there is plenty to

choose from.

The main characteristics of a private limited company are:

1

Company name must end in “limited” or “ltd”.

2

The Articles of Association of a private limited company may provide for a right of preemption

so that when a member wishes to sell or to transfer ownership of his shares he must first offer them to existing members.

3 There is no minimum capital requirement.

4 The shares in a private limited company cannot be traded or listed on the stock exchange.

5 Only one director is required.

6 In terms of the Companies (Single Member Private Limited Companies) Regulations

1992, a private company limited by shares or by guarantee need only have one member.

7 There is no upper age limit for directors.

8 Audited accounts must be produced within 10 months of the end of the financial year.

9 Trading can start as soon as a Certificate of Incorporation is obtained.

The main characteristics of a public limited company are:

1 The company name must end in “public limited company” or “plc”.

2 Members must be free to transfer their shares as they please.

3 A public company must have minimum issued share capital of at least £50,000.

4 Shares can be listed on the stock exchange and can be traded.

5 There must be at least 2 directors.

6 There must be at least two members.

7 Directors must retire when they reach the age of 70.

8 Audited accounts must be produced within 7 months of the year end.

9 After incorporati on, trading cannot begin until a “trading certificate” is issued by the

Registrar of Companies upon satisfaction of the nominal value of share capital. This trading certificate is referred to as a Section 117 certificate after the relevant section of

the Companies Act 1985 which makes possession of such a document compulsory for public limited companies. Public companies cannot begin trading without having been issued with a Section 117 certificate.

Question 2

Candidates must be able to show that they understand that, in terms of the Companies Act 1985,

a new company must be registered with the Registrar of Companies. Among the two most important documents submitted to the Registrar will be the Memorandum of Association and

the Articles of Association which provides important information about the nature of the

company and how it will be run. Until the new business has been registered, it is not regarded as

a person recognised by law and, therefore, it cannot enter into contracts with third

国际商法期末考试试题 (1)

(本科)试卷( A 卷) 2005-2006 学年第二学期 开课单位: 04商务英语本科班,考试形式:开卷,允许带相关资料 入 场 1.国际商法主要规范是关于公法领域方面的规定。 2.美国法官的断案思维运用是从一般法律规定到个案的思维。 3.中国合同法包括人身关系方面合同的相关规定。 4.合同成立并不会导致合同必然生效。 5.要约即使没有送达他人要约也生效。 6.依照我国法律的规定,承诺可以撤销。 7.在我国,通过EDI签订的合同因为其缺乏相关的法律规定的形式而无效。 8.在我国,解除合同是违约救济的一种形式。 9.在四组国际贸易术语中,CIF中的卖方义务比FOB中卖方义务要大。 10 信用证支付方式中,银行承担对受益人第一性的付款责任,而在票据法律关系中,银行并不当然承担对受款人第一性的付款责任。 11.国际贸易中,如果卖方提交的单据表面符合信用证所规定的要求,即使买卖双方的交易关系不符合法律规定要求,银行也必须根据信用证要求付款。 12 在一次国际运输中,船长签发了清洁提单,船舶到达目的地后,收货人发现货物的内在品质不符合规定,收货人有权拒绝收取货物而要求船方赔偿。 13 甲在商场买回一热水器,乙在甲家冲凉时由于热水器本身质量问题而导致煤气泄漏,乙因此死亡。乙的家人要求商场赔偿,商场以乙与商

场之间无买卖合同关系加以抗辩。依照我国法律,商场的抗辩成立,乙的损失商场不应赔偿。 14.甲从乙处购买家具,用远期汇票进行支付。乙由于资金周转困难,将汇票背书转让给丙。丙在提示承兑时遭到拒绝,于是丙直接向甲进行追索。甲以乙交付的货物有严重质量问题以及甲并非丙的直接前手而拒绝。甲之拒绝可以得到法律的支持。 15.甲乙共同办一家企业,甲打算采取合伙企业的形式,乙说:“我只想我们作为出资人对今后成立的企业债务承担有限责任,如果不能成立公司,我将成立独资企业。” 乙说:“独资企业也要负无限责任,合伙企业的出资人对企业债务承担无限连带责任,综合利弊,还是考虑合伙企业吧。”乙关于企业性质的法律分析是正确的。 二:单项选择题(每题2.5分,共25分)。 1.下列哪个说法是正确的: A.合同的成立并不都要有承诺这个过程 B.要约的内容不必确定 C.依照我国法律规定承诺可以撤回 D.财产保险合同中,被保险人就是保险合同中做出承诺的当事人 2.某甲去商场购买电视机,商场将次品当成正品卖给甲。甲用支票支付,商场经过背书转让给乙。电视机在使用过程中爆炸伤了丙。 A.如果乙被付款人拒付,乙无权向甲追索 B.丙的伤害只能请求甲赔偿,因为丙和商场之间无买卖合同关系 C.该买卖合同从订立起便无法律效力 D. 乙被付款人拒付,可以向商场追索 3.美国甲公司于2005年5月向中国乙公司发出要约称有优质大麦500万吨出卖,按FOB方式美国港口交付,付款方式为不可撤销信用证。双方约定合同适用《联合国国际货物买卖合同公约》。 A. 如果甲公司卖给乙公司的是飞机,则合同不能适用《联合国国际货物买卖合同公约》 B.如果乙公司发出电文称接受甲公司250万吨货物则合同成立 C. 在本合同中,甲公司有义务为货物投保 D. 如果甲公司卖给乙公司的是船舶,则合同能适用《联合国国际货物买卖合同公约》

《商法学》试题及答案

《商法学》试题 试题: 一、简答题:本大题4个小题,每小题10分,共40分。 1、简述股份有限公司董事会的组成及其任期。 答:组成:股份有限公司设董事会,其成员为五人至十九人。董事会成员中可以有公司职工代表。董事会中的职工代表由公司职工通过职工代表大会、职工大会或者其她形式民主选举产生。董事会设董事长一人,可以设副董事长。董事长与副董事长由董事会以全体董事的过半数选举产生。董事长召集与主持董事会会议,检查董事会决议的实施情况。副董事长协助董事长工作,董事长不能履行职务或者不履行职务的,由副董事长履行职务;副董事长不能履行职务或者不履行职务的,由半数以上董事共同推举一名董事履行职务。 任期:董事任期由公司章程规定,但每届任期不得超过三年。董事任期届满,连选可以连任。董事任期届满未及时改选,或者董事在任期内辞职导致董事会成员低于法定人数的,在改选出的董事就任前,原董事仍应当依照法律、行政法规与公司章程的规定,履行董事职务。 2、证券法的调整范围就是什么? 答:(1)证券发行关系;(2)证券交易关系;(3)证券服务关系;(4)证券监管关系;(5)与证券有关的其她关系。 3、简述破产债权的特征。 答:(1)破产债权属于财产权,但只就是对人的请求权、相对权,没有直接支配物的效力; (2)破产债权成立于破产宣告前,否则不能以破产债权对待; (3)破产债权属于无优先受偿的债权; (4)破产债权就是只能通过破产强制程序才能得到清偿的权利。 4、狭义的票据行为有哪些? 答:狭义的票据行为有:(1)出票;(2)背书;(3)承兑;(4)保证。 二、论述题:本大题2个小题,每小题20分,共40分。 1、论证券承销的两种方式。 答:(1)论证券承销的两种方式就是指证券代销与证券包销。 (2)证券代销就是指证券公司代发行人出售证券,在承销期结束后,将未售出的证券全部退还给发行人的承销方式。证券包销就是指证券公司将发行人的征券按照协议全部购入或者在承销期结束时将售后剩余证券全部自行购入的承销方式。 (3)证券代销与证券包销的区别如下:①法律关系不同。证券代销,发行人与承销商之间建立的就

最新国际商法期末复习题及答案详解

第一章国际商法导论 一、单项选择题 1、我国法律最重要的渊源是() A.制定法 B.立法解释 C.判例 D.司法解释 2、下列国家中,属于普通法体系的有( )。 A.新西兰B.比利时C.荷兰 D.瑞士 3、英国的普通法来源于( )。 A.成文法B.判例法C.衡平法 D.普通法 4、大陆法的主要特点是( )。 A.法典化B.受罗马法影响小C.先例约束力原则 D.民商合一 5、判例在法律上和理论上不被认为是法律的渊源的国家是( )。 A.英国B.美国C.德国D、香港 6、大陆法各国都把全部法律分为公法和私法两大部分,这种分类法最早是由( )提出来的。 A.法国法学家B.罗马法学家C.德国法学家D、美国法学家 7、英国法的主要渊源是() A、学理 B、判例法 C、成文法 D、习惯 8、英国法的主要特点是( ) A、法典化 B、条理化 C、逻辑性 D、二元性 9、普通法来源于( ) A、成文法 B、习惯法 C、衡平法 D、判例法 10、中国法律最重要的渊源是( ) A、判例法 B、成文法 C、宪法 D、习惯法 11、大陆法系国家最主要的法律渊源是() A、成文法 B、判例法 C、习惯法 D、国际法 12、大陆法的结构特点之一是把全部法律分为( ) A、普通法与平衡法 B、实体法与程序法 C、国内法与国际法 D、公法与私法 二、多项选择题 1、传统的商法主要包括( )。 A.公司法B.票据法C.海商法D.保险法E.产品责任法 2、下列国家中,属于大陆法系的是( )。 A.法国B.加拿大C.美国 D.英国 E.意大利 3、大陆法中的公法包括( )。 A.民法B.宪法C.行政法D.刑法E.诉讼法 4、大陆法的渊源主要有( )。 A.法律B.法理C.习惯D.判例E.法典 5、普通法与衡平法的主要区别有() A.救济方法不同B.诉讼程序不同C、法院的组织系统不同D.法律术语不同E.管辖权不同 6、在国际上从事国际商事交易的主体基本上是( ) A、国家 B、企业 C、公司 D、国际机构 E、国际组织

《国际商法》期末考试试题

国际商法期末考试试题 一、单项选择题(本大题共10小题,每小题1分,共10分) 1. 根据国际货物买卖合同公约的规定,下列各项中,属于发价的是() A.普通商业广告 B. 商品目录 C. 商品价目表 D. 一项包含货物名称、数量和价格的订约建议 2.乙公司对甲公司发价的接受通知于8月5日从乙地发出,8月9日到达甲公司所在地,8月10日下午到达甲公司传达室,8月11日上午甲公司经理阅及此通知。依《国际货物买卖合同公约》,乙公司接受的生效时间是() A. 8月5日 B. 8月9日 C. 8月10日 D. 8月11日 3.产品责任法的目的是保护() A. 生产厂家的利益 B.零售商的利益 C.买方的亲友的利益 D.消费者的利益 4.下列国际公约中我国是其成员国的是() A.《联合国销售合同公约》 B.《海牙规则》 C.《国际贸易术语解释通则2000》 D.《维斯比规则》 5.承诺是对要约的接受,这种接受原则上() A.不得附加条件 B.可以附加一定条件 C. 可以变更一些条件 D. 可以限制一些条件 6.船舶所有人保留船舶的所有权,而将船舶的占有权转移给租船人以供运输,由租 船人雇用船长、船员、并按照使用船舶的时间支付租金的合同称之为() A.航次租船合同 B.光船租赁合同 C.定期租船合同 D.提单运输合同 7.联合国《国际销售合同公约》不涉及的内容有() A.合同的订立 B.买卖双方的义务 C.违约及其救济方法 D.合同的有效性 8.依大陆法,由于本人的意思而产生的代理为() A.意定代理 B.法定代理 C.指定代理 D.意定代理和指定代理 9.国际商事合同通则不适用于下列哪个合同() A.消费者合同 B.国际知识产权合同 C.国际货物买卖合同 D.国际服务贸易合同 10.下列国家属于大陆法系的是() A. 英国 B.法国 C. 美国 D. 新加坡 三、判断正误(本大题共10小题,每小题2分,共20分) 1.各国有关商事的国内立法不能作为国际商法的渊源。() 2.营业地在英国的公司和营业地在中国的公司签订的货物买卖合同,不适用联合国销 售合同公约。() 3.无论大陆法系还是英美法系,都认为广告是邀约邀请。() 4.《国际货物买卖法》与《国际产品责任法》性质相同。() 5.保险合同成立后,除法律或者保险合同另有规定外,被保险人不得解除保险合同。 ()

HND商法导论OUTCOME1答案

Outcome Covered 1 Assessment task instructions Candidates will be given one closed-book exercise consisting of ten restricted response questions for the assessment of Outcome 1. This exercise should take candidates approximately 30-45 minutes to complete. 考生将获得1闭卷行使十个评估的结果1限制反应的问题组成。这项工作应采取的候选人约30-45分钟才能完成。 1 List the main sources of modern Scots Law. 1名单现代苏格兰法律的主要来源。 Statute law, common law and European Union law 2(a) What is meant by the doctrine of judicial precedent? 2(一)什么是司法先例原则? 2(b) Give an example of a judicial precedent. 2(b)给出了一个司法先例的例子。 3(a) Which is the superior legislative body: the Westminster Parliament or the Scottish Parliament? 3(一),这是上级立法机构:威斯敏斯特议会或苏格兰 议会? 3(b) Explain your choice of answer in part (a) above. 3(b)解释第(一)项的选择你的答案。 4 What is a statute? 4什么是法规? 5 Name five Acts of Parliament. 5名五行为的议会。 6 What are the main differences between civil and criminal law in Scotland? 6什么是民法和刑法之间在苏格兰的主要区别? 7 What is a crime? (You should list four examples of criminal behaviour) 7什么是犯罪?(你应该列出四种犯罪行为的例子) 8 Provide three examples of a civil dispute. 8提供三种民事纠纷的例子。 9(a) In a conflict between Scots and European Union Law, which one of the two legal systems are the Scottish Courts bound to follow?9在苏格兰和欧盟之间的法律,这两种法律制度的冲突引起的(a)是必然要遵循的苏格兰法庭 9(b) Explain your answer. 9(b)解释你的答案。 10(a) What are the four most important institutions of the European Union? 10(一)什么是四个最重要的欧盟机构? 10(b) Which of the European Union institutions has law-making powers?? 10(二)欧洲联盟各机构已制定法律的权力?

国际商法习题答案解读

判断、单、多、简答、案例、论述 第一章绪论p21 1. 什么是国际商法?它具有什么特征?P1 国际商事法,简称国际商法,它是调整国际商事交易和商事组织的各种法律规范的总称。 特征: 1)国际商法具有商事性 国际商法调整商主体和商行为 商主体——依照商法的规定具有商事权利能力和商事行为能力,能够以自己的名义独立从事商事行为,在商事法律关系中享有权利和承担义务的个人和组织 商主体只能是商自然人、商合伙、商法人 商行为——商主体进行的营利为目的的经营活动 2)国际商法具有国际性 国际商事法律关系的主体、客体、法律事实至少一个以上具有涉外因素,则该商事关系具有国际性。 国际商事法律关系一般有三种情况: ①商主体有涉外因素 ②商事法律关系的客体有涉外因素 ③商事法律事实有涉外因素 2. 国际商法有哪些渊源?P11 国际商法的渊源,主要是指国际商事产生的依据及其表现形式 1)国际条约——国家间为确定相互之间权利义务而达成的协议 2)国际惯例——国际贸易领域的常用习惯做法 3)各国商事立法 在国际冲突法规则指引下,各国商法也会成为国际商法的组成部分。 3. 国际商事规则在国际商事交往中如何得以正确适用?P19 (1)当事人选择法律 意思自治是首要规则。 国际商事交易相对人在合同中选择一国法律、国际条约或国际惯例作为合同准据法,或在法律行为发生争议后当事人选择一国法律、国际条约或国际惯例作为可适用法律的行为。 (2)在当事人没有选择法律的情况下,应当按照冲突法规则选择所适用的法律。 在国际商事交易法律适用规则中,在当事人没有对法律适用做出选择的情况下,如果存在我国缔结或参加的国际条约的,该国际条约应当优先使用。 习题:判断 1.当国际商事条约与国内商事法律发生冲突时应采纳“条约优先适用”原则。 2.在“国际商法”这一概念中,“国际”一词的含义是指“国家与国家之间”的意思。 3.国际商法在性质上主要是私法。 4.法国、德国、西班牙、葡萄牙、荷兰等欧洲大陆国家均属英美法系。 5.国际商事条约是在长期反复的国际商事交往实践中逐步形成并得到各国普遍承认或遵守的商事活动的习惯做法,由此成为公认的国际商事原则或规则。 习题:单选 1.国际商法的调整对象是()。 A.国际贸易关系 B.国际商事关系 C.国际经济关系 D.国际投资关系

2012年1月商法(二)试题和答案

2012年1月高等教育自学考试 商法(二)试 课程代码:00995 考生答题注意事项: 1.本卷所有试卷必须在答题卡上作答。答在试卷和草稿纸上的无效。 2.第一部分为选择题。必须对应试卷上的题号使用2B铅笔将“答题卡”的相应代码涂黑。 3.第二部分为非选择题。必须注明大、小题号,使用0.5亳米黑色字迹笔作答。 4?合理安排答题空间,超岀答题区域无效。 一. 单项选择题(本大题共25小题,每小题1分,共25分)在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的,请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。错选、多选或未选均无分。 1.下列关于商自然人的表述正确的是B A.应具有一左的民事行为能力 B.应具有完全民事行为能力 D ?可以为无民事行为能力 C.可以为限制民事行为能 力 2.下列关于商标表述正确的是B A.商标的作用是将商主体区别开来 B.商标是重要的工业产权 C.商标随所依附的厂商的消亡而终止 D.商标是企业具有法律人格的表现 3.依我国《合伙企业法》的规立,可以成为有限合伙企业普通合伙人的是B A.上市公司 B.非上市股份有限公司 C.国有独资公司 D.国有占控股地位的公司 4.下列关于入伙法律效力的表述不正确的是B A.新入伙的合伙人与原合伙人享有同等权利,承担同等义务 B.新入伙的普通合伙人仅对入伙后介伙企业债务承担无限连带责任 C.新入伙的普通合伙人仅对入伙前合伙企业债务承担无限连带责任 D.新入伙的有限合伙人对入伙前合伙企业的债务,以英认缴的岀资额为限承担责任 5.拟设立一有限责任公司的注册资本为10万元人民币,根据我国《公司法》的规泄,发起人首次出资额 最少应是人民币C A. 1万元 B. 2万元 C.3万元 D.4万元 6.下列关于我国公司设立原则的表述正确的是D A.自由主义 B.准则主义 C.特许主义 D.准则主义为主,许可主义为辅 7.下列关于股份有限公司表述正确的是C A.股东仅以出资额承担责任 B.公司只能以募集方式设立

HND 商法outcome2_我的总结

1.Can Samir spend only 150 pounds to buy the golf set? 首先Samir本没有与Fairways公司就购买Matsumoto golf成立合同,假使他想要购买那套高尔夫球具,那么他必须支付1500英镑,这是因为橱窗展示的仅仅是一个要约要请,而不是要约。一下选一个案例来区分一下要约要请与要约的不同 Carlill v Carbolic Smokeball co【1893】 Harvey v Facey 【1893】Fisher v Bell 【1961】 Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain v Boots Cash Chemists 【1953】 2.What are the chances of Susan being successful if she goes ahead and sues Samir for the cost of her new designer outfit, the cost of her taxi fare and the disappointment caused? Susan 假使决定要起诉Samir并要求赔偿他的服装费用,乘出租车的费用以及精神损失费的话,那么Susan 将不可能获得胜诉,这是因为Susan和Samir 的晚餐约定属于一个社会交往关系(social agreement)而不是合同关系 合同关系事当双方要约与承诺结合的时候,便成立了一种对双方有效的并有约束力的关系,更因为Susan与Samir 的约定不属于合同关系,自然地,Susan 就不能从Samir 那边得到法律救济(legal remedy) 类似Susan 与Samir 的约定的关系有 Agreements binding in honor only (授予荣誉称号的约定) Domestic agreements (家庭协议) Gambling or wagering agreements (打赌或赌博的合同) Social agreements (社会交往的承诺) 从以下案例中选一个来说明以上这些关系 Jones v Vernon’s pools [1938] Robertson v Balfour 【1938】 3.Is Dougie Campbell entitled to cancel its offer the build a conservatory and patio for Samir? Dougie Campbell 可以向Samir 取消这个要约,这是因为一个合同的成立必须是承诺人将承诺的通知有效的通知到要约人的手里才能成立,特别是当使用了instantaneous methods(瞬间)的方式通知对方的时候,例如使用了传真,电报,email 或者电话等方式发出承诺时,必须确认对方已收到了你的信息才能成立,本案中,Samir并没有将承诺的通知有效通知到Dougie Campbell,导致了要约人没有收到要约,双方因此并不成立的合同。 选一个案例 Verdin Brothers v Robertson 【1871】 Entores ltd v Miles Far Eastern Corpn 【1955】 Brinkibon v Stahag Stahl 【1982】 4.Can Samir insist that sell car to him for 4500 pounds. Samir 没有权力要求Stuart 将汽车以4500英镑的价格卖给他,是因为当Samir给Stuart发出4000英镑的反要约的时候。实际上已经过原来的要约产生了一个撤销的作用(新要约或反要约会对原要约产生撤销的作用). 并且这个反要约已经被Susan 拒绝,所以双方并没有成立合同,Samir 可以另找买家.

国际商法试题及答案 (2)

仲裁: 仲裁是指买卖双方在纠纷发生之前或发生之后,签订书面协议,自愿将纠纷提交双方所同意的第三者予以裁决,以解决纠纷的一种方式。 提存: 提存的概念,由于债权人的原因,债务人无法向债权人给付合同标的物时,债务人将合同标的物交付提存机关而消灭合同关系的法律制度。 股份有限公司: 股份有限公司全部注册资本由等额股份构成并通过发行股票(或股权证)筹集资本,公司以其全部资产对公司债务承担有限责任的企业法人。 代理: 代理是指代理人以被代理人(又称本人)的名义,在代理权限内与第三人(又称相对人)实施民事行为,其法律后果直接由被代理人承受的民事法律制度。 提单: 提单是指用以证明海上货物运输合同和货物已经由承运人接收或者装船,以及承运人保证据以交付货物的单证。 海运提单是承运人收到货物后出具的货物收据,也是承运人所签署的运输契约的证明,提单还代表所载货物的所有权,是一种具有物权特性的凭证。 要约: 要约,在外贸业务中又称为发盘或发价,它是一方当事人向对方提出意愿根据一定的条件与对方订立合同,并且包含了一旦该要约被对方承诺时就对提出要约的一方产生约束力的意思表示。 不可抗力: 对市场和电力系统有严重影响的不可预期和不可控制的事件及其产生的后果。包括自然灾害和战争等。符号“f”。背书: 票据的收款人或持有人在转让票据时,在票据背面签名或书写文句的手续。背书的人就会对这张支票负某种程度、类似担保的偿还责任,之后就引申为担保、保证的意思。即为自己的事情或为自己说的话作担保、保证 专利: 一项发明创造的首创者所拥有的受保护的独享权益。专利的三种类型:发明专利、实用新型专利、外观设计专利。专利权是一种专有权,这种权利具有独占的排他性。非专利权人要想使用他人的专利技术,必须依法征得专利权人的同意或许可。 有限责任公司: 有限责任公司,又称有限公司(CO,LTD)。有限责任公司指根据《中华人民共和国公司登记管理条例》规定登记注册,由两个以上、五十个以下的股东共同出资,每个股东以其所认缴的出资额对公司承担有限责任,公司以其全部资产对其债务承担责任的经济组织。有限责任公司包括国有独资公司以及其他有限责任公司。 简答题 1、要约与承诺的要件分别是什么? (一)要约是特定合同当事人的意思表示。(二)要约必须向要约人希望与之缔结合同的相对人发出。(三)要约必须具有缔约目的并表明经承诺即受此意思表示的拘束。 (四)要约的内容必须具备足以使合同成立的主要条件。 1)承诺必须是受要约人作出。 2)承诺的方式符合要约的要求 3)承诺必须在要约的有效期限内到达要约人。 4)承诺的内容必须与要约的内容相一致。 2、提单的性质和作用是什么? (1)提单是承运人或其代理人签发的货物收据,证明已按提单所列内容收到货物。 (2)提单是一种货物所有权的凭证 (3)提单是托运人与承运人之间所订立的运输契约的证明3.知识产权的特征. 1)知识产权具有时间性。 2)知识产权具有地域性。 3)知识产权具有专有性。 4)知识产权须经法律直接确认。 5)知识产权的客体属无形财产。 4.大陆法关于合同消灭的原因有哪些? 1、清偿,是指按合同的约定实现债权的的行为。 2、抵销,是指双方互债务时,各以其债权充当债务之清偿,而使其债务与对方的债务在对等额内相互消灭。 3、提存,是指由于债权人的原因而无法向其交付合标的物时,债务人将该交给提存部门而消灭合同的制度。 4、免除,是指债权人免除债务人的债务,亦即债权人放弃其债权,从而消灭合同关系及其他债之关系的单方面行为。 5、混同,是指债权与债务同属于一个人,即同一个人既是债权人同时又是债务人。 5.代理的特征 1、被代理人和代理人之间是一种法律关系。 2、代理是一种涉及被代理人、代理人和第三人之间的三方关系。 3、被代理人与代理人之间是一种信任关系。 6.保险的基本原则 L、最大诚信原则 2、可保利益原则 3、补偿原则 4、近因原则 论述题: 一、股份有限公司和有限责任公司的特点 有限责任公司和股份有限公司是两种常见的公司形式,它们都是股份制企业,具有企业法人资格,股东承担的是有限责任,公司以营利为目的,依法设立。这些是主要的共同之处,同时,它们又各有一些特点,主要表现在: 1.筹资能力不同。有限责任公司股东人数是有限制,股份有限公司股东人数是无限制,股份有限公司的筹资能力强于有限责任公司。 2.组成因素有差别。股份有限公司以资本联合为基础而组成,这是其显著特点,而有限责任公司除了资本的联合之外,还考虑了人的因素,就是股东之间是相互了解的并有一定的

商法试题及答案

商法试题及答案 商法试题及答案 一、单项选择题(本大题共30 小题,每小题1 分,共30 分)在每小题列出的四个选项中只有一个选项是符合题目要求的,请将正确选项前的字母填在题后的括号内。 1.依照英国法,下列各项中会使合同无效的是() A. 一方当事人意思表示的错误 B. 一方当事人判断上的错误 C. 一方当事人对自己履约能力的估计错误 D. 在认定当事人上发生错误 2. 依照法国法,合同违约责任的归责原则是() A. 过失责任原则 B. 无过失责任原则 C. 结果责任原则 D. 公平责任原则 3. 依美国法,法院通常会作出实际履行的判决的合同是() A. 提供个人劳务的合同 B. 土地买卖合同 C. 当事人一方为未成年人的合同 D. 建筑合同 4. 依照英国法,一方违约,对方既可以解除合同,又可以要求赔偿损失的,是指违反了() A. 条件条款 B. 担保条款 C. 条件条款和担保条款 D. 条件条款或担保条款 5. 依照我国《合同法》,适用诉讼时效期间为4 年的合同是() A. 国际货物买卖合同 B. 技术开发合同 C. 技术转让合同 D. 承揽合同 6. 根据英国货物买卖法的规定,下列不属于卖方对其所出售的货物应承担品质担保义务的是()

A. 凭说明的交易,卖方所交付的货物必须与说明相符 B. 营业中出售货物,即使有关货物的缺陷已在订约前提醒买方注意,卖方所 提供的货物仍然应具有商销品质 C. 凭样品成交的买卖,卖方所交的货物在品质上应与样品相符 D. 在交易中既有样品,又有说明,则卖方所交的货物应与样品和说明都一致 7. 根据国际货物买卖合同公约的规定,在双方当事人没有约定的情况下,货物运 输过程中发生毁损灭失的风险原则上应由() A. 买方承担 B. 卖方承担 C. 买方或卖方承担 D. 买方和卖方共同承担 8. 根据国际货物买卖合同公约的规定,当卖方只交付部分货物而未构成根本 违反合同时,买方所不能采取的救济方法是() A. 退货 B. 减价 C. 损害赔偿 D. 撤销整个合同 aspects of work and life. (E) strengthening the capacity-building of party members. "Two" and end in "." But to do well, not only has "mind", the key to "force". Insist on learning by practice, learning and promote, promote the broad masses of party members and cadres to actively respond to new situations, to learn new skills, make a contribution according to positions. To focus on improving the ability to carry out five new idea. Education guide members cadres accurate grasp strengthening and improved party on economic work led of new requirements, deep understand, and 9. 根据国际货物买卖合同公约的规定,接受通知在传递中可能发生的失误风险,其承担人应是() A. 发价人 B. 受发价人 C. 传递人

SQA-HND-商法-OUTCOME2 题目outcome 2

1.Does Samir have a legally enforceable contract with Fairways for the purchase for the Matsumoto golf clubs for 150? 首先,Smair并没有与Fairways公司就购买Matsumoto golf成立合同,假使他想要购买那套高尔夫球具,那么他必须支付1,500,这是因为橱窗展示仅仅是一个要约邀请而不是要约。Carlill v Carbolic Smokeball Co (1893) Harvey v Facey (1893) Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain v Boots Cash Chemists (1953) Fisher v Bell (1961) First, Smair has not purchased Matsumoto with Fairways Corporation the golf establishment contract, if he wants to purchase that set of golf to have, then he must pay 1,500, this is because the display window demonstration is an important contract invitation merely, but is not the important contract. Carlill v Carbolic Smokeball Co (1893) Harvey v Facey (1893) Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain v Boots Cash Chemists (1953) Fisher v Bell (1961) 2.What are the chances of Susan being successful if she goes ahead and sues Samir for the cost of her new designer outfit, the cost of her taxi fare and the disappointment caused? Susan 假使决定要起诉Samir并要求赔偿他的服装费用,乘坐出租车的费用以及精神损失费用的话,那么Susan将不可能获得胜诉。这是因为Susan与Samir的晚餐约定属于一个社会交往关系(social agreement)而不是合同关系、 合同关系是当双方要约与承诺结合的时候,是成立一种对双方有效地并有约束力的关系。更因为Susan与Samir的约定不属于合同关系,自然地,Susan就不能从Samir那边得到法律救济(Legal remedy)。 类似Susan与Samir的约定的关系有: Agreement binding in honour only 授予荣誉称号的约定 Domestic agreements 家庭协议 Gambling or wagering agreements 打赌或赌博的合同 Social agreements 社会交往的承诺 Jones v Vernon's Pools (1938) Robertson v Balfour (1938) Spellman v Spellman (1961) Ferguson v Littlewoods Pools Ltd (1997) If Susan decided that must sue Samir and the seek redress his clothing expense, rides rental car's expense as well as the spiritual loss expense words, then Susan will be impossible to obtain wins. This is because Susan and the Samir supper agreement belongs to social interaction relations (social agreement), but is not the congruent relationship, the congruent relationship is when the bilateral important contract and the pledge unify, is establishes one kind effectively and has the binding force relations to both sides. Because Susan and the Samir agreement does not belong to the congruent relationship, the natural place, Susan cannot obtain the legal relief from the Samir that side (Legal remedy). similar Susan and the Samir agreement's relations include: Agreement binding in honour only awards the title of honor agreement Domestic agreements family agreement Gambling or wagering agreements to make a bet or gambling contract Social agreements social interaction pledge Jones v Vernon's Pools (1938) Robertson v Balfour (1938) Spellman v Spellman (1961) Ferguson v Littlewoods Pools Ltd (1997 3.Is Dougie Campbell entitled to cancel its offer to build a conservatory and patio for

《国际商法》试题和答案

国际商法》试题 第一部分选择题 一、单项选择题(本大题共30小题,每小题1分,共30分) 在每小题列出的四个选项中只有一个选项是符合题目要求的,请将正确选项前的字母填在题后的括号内。 1. 对违约金的性质各国有不同规定,认为违约金具有惩罚性 的国家是() A. 英国 B.美国 C. 德国 D. 法国 2. 依照英国法, 对于违反担 保, 非违约方可采取的补救措 施 是( ) A. 只能请求解除合同,不能请求赔偿损失 B. 不能请求解除合同,有权请求赔偿损失 C. 既能请求解释合同,又能请求赔偿损失 D. 或者请求解除合同,或者请求赔偿损失 3. 下列国家中,规定合同法定解除权的行使须向法院提出的 是( ) A. 中国 B. 德国 C. 法 国 D. 美国 4. 对于来自订约双方当事人以外的第三者施行的胁迫,认为只有合同的相对人知道有胁迫情事时,受胁迫的一方才能撤销合同的国家是( ) A. 德国 B. 法国 C. 英 国 D. 西班牙 5. 根据国际货物买卖合同公约的规定,下列各项中,属于发价的是( ) A. 普通商业广告 B. 商品目录 C. 商品价目表 D. 一项包含货物名称、数量和价格的订约建议 6. 依照法国法,不以公证人的文书作为合同有效成立的形式要件的合同是( ) A. 赠与合同 B. 夫妻财产制合同 7. 依照美国《统一商法典》,除双方当事人另有约定外,货物所有权移转于买方的时间是( ) A. 合同成立时 B. 合同生效时 C. 卖方交付货物时 D. 买方支付价金时 8. 甲公司与乙公司订立国际货物买卖合同。由于卖方甲公司未及时将货物凭证交付给乙公司,致使货物在从甲地运至乙地码头时,乙公司无法提货而滞留,遭风暴全部损毁。双方当事人因未对货物风险分担进行约定,故发生纠纷。依照《国际货物买卖合同公约》,该批货物风险损失应( ) A. 由卖方甲公司承担 B. 由买方乙公司承担 C. 由甲、乙公司分担 D. 按公平原则处理 9. 乙公司对甲公司发价的接受通知于8 月 5 日从乙地发出, 8月9日到达甲公司所在地,8月10日下午到达甲公司传达室,8 月11日上午甲公司经理阅及此通知。依《国际货物买卖合同公约》,乙公司接受的生效时间是( ) A. 8 月 5 日 B.8 月9 日 C.8 月10 日 D.8 月11 日 10. 下列国家中,当事人未有特别约定,不以交付时间作为动产买卖合同中货物所有权转移时间的是( ) A. 法国 B. 德国 C. 中 国 D. 美国 11. 依照《国际货物买卖合同公约》,对于买方违约时卖方采用的下列补救措施中,表述不正确的是( ) A. 买方不接受货物,卖方将货物售与他人后向买方请求损害赔偿 B. 买方在卖方规定的合理的额外时间内履行了合同,但卖方仍然请求损害赔偿 C. 买方未在卖方规定的合理的额外时间内履行合同,卖方宣告撤销合同 D. 因卖方撤销合同而致合同中的仲裁条款亦无效,卖 C. 设立抵押权合同 D. 商事合同

国际商法期末考试考点笔记

名词解释 1、公司:是指一般依法设立的,有独立的法人财产、以盈利为目的的企业法人。其两种主要形式为有限责任公司和股份有限公司。 2、合同:①合同是指设立做或不做某一特别事情义务的协议。②合同不是任何一种单方的行为或事件,而是由两个或多个人之间意思表示一致的协议;合同的内容可以是做某特别事情,也可以是不做某特别事情;合同在当事人之间设立了义务。 3、要约:①要约是指一方向另一方发出订立合同的肯定和明确的建议。发出要约的一方是要约人,要约被发向的另一方为受要约人。②要约是关于订立合同肯定建议;要约是关于订立合同的明确建议。 4、承诺:是指受要约人声明或以其他行为同意要约的意思表示。除法律和要约有相反规定外,要约一经有效承诺,合同自承诺生效时即告成立,对当事人各方均有约束力。 5、提单:是指用于证明海上货物运输合同和货物已由承运人接收或装船以及承运人保证据以交付货物的单证。 6、国际货物运输保险:是指保险人(保险公司)与投保人(国际贸易中的买方或卖方)签订合同约定,投保人支付规定的保险费,在货物遭受国际运输途中的保险事故损害时,由保险人负责给予保险受益人(被保险人)补偿的行为。 7、产品:①必须是经过加工、制作过的工业品,不包括自然物品。但如农作物、渔牧业产品收获后经过加工处理则属于本法所指的产品;②必须是用于销售的物品;③必须是可移动的物品,不包括土地、房屋等类不动产,但建筑工程所使用的建筑材料、建筑构配件和设备包括在内。 8、产品质量:是指在商品经济范畴内,企业依据特定的标准,对产品进行规划、设计、制造、检测、计量、运输、储存、销售、售后服务、生态回收等全程的必要的信息披露。 9、产品质量责任:是指产品的生产者、销售者以及对产品质量负直接责任的人违反产品质量法规定的产品质量义务的后果应承担的法律后果。 10、两大法系:①以德国和法国为代表的大陆法系又称为民法法系或罗马法系;②以英国与美国为代表的普通法系又称英美法系。 11、对价:通常指为换取某一允诺而付出的具有法律价值的代价。具有法律价值的代价可以是一项回报的允诺,也可以是允诺外的行为或不行为,还可以是一种法律关系的成立、变更或消灭。 12、违约:广义上的违约是指当事人的任何与合同不符的行为。狭义上,违约是指当事人无合法理由而不履行或不完全履行具有法律约束力的合同义务的行为。一方当事人只能对另一方当事人狭义上的违约行为采取法律上的救济。 13、合同的内容:是由明示条款和未用及不能用明示条款排除的暗示条款或默示义务共同构成的。暗示条款包括:当事人双方的交易习惯、民商事惯例、法定暗示条款(强制性暗示条款、任意性暗示条款)。

电大商法试题及标准答案

《商法》平时作业1 一、单项选择题(每题只有一个正确答案,多选或错选均不得分,每小题2分,共20分) 1.商法的调整对象是( C )。 A.市场经济关系 B.市场经营活动关系 C.商事关系 D.政府对经济的调控关系 2.下列选项中不能担任公司法定代表人的是( B)。 A.董事长 B.董事 C.执行董事 D.经理 3.某市国有资产管理部门决定将甲乙两个国有独资公司撤销,合并成立甲股份有限公司,合并后的甲股份公司仍使用原甲公司的字号,该合并事项已经有关部门批准,现欲办理商业登记。应办理的登记是( B )。 A.解散登记 B.设立登记 C.变更登记 D.注销登记 4.下列关于有限合伙企业的说法中错误的是( B )。 A.有限合伙企业至少应当有一个普通合伙人 B.有限合伙人可以执行合伙事务,但不得对外代表有限合伙企业 C.有限合伙人可以同本有限合伙企业进行交易 D.有限合伙企业仅剩有限合伙人的,应当解散;有限合伙企业仅剩普通合伙人的,转为普通合伙企业 5.下列各选项中提出破产申请的债权人,其请求权不必具备的条件的是( D )。 A.须为具有给付内容的请求权 B.须为法律上可强制执行的请求权 C.须为已到期的请求权 D.必须是没有担保权的债权 6.以下不属于破产费用的是( C )。 A.破产案件的诉讼费用 B.管理、变价和分配债务人财产的费用 C.债权人参加破产程序的费用 D.管理人执行职务的费用、报酬和聘用工作人员的费用 7.以下取得票据权利的方式中,需要支付对价的是( D )。 A.继承 B.赠与 C.税收 D.善意取得 8.以下情况下,票据的持票人不可以行使追索权的是( B )。 A.汇票被拒绝承兑 B.汇票出票人死亡 C.支票付款人被解散 D.本票付款人被宣告破产 9.证券禁止交易行为包括证券发行与交易及相关活动中的( D )。 A.欺诈破产行为 B.个别清偿行为 C.破产无效行为 D.操纵市场行为 10.投保人(被保险人和受益人)的主要义务不包括( D )。 A.按时交付保险费 B.在保险标的危险增加时通知保险人 C.危险事故的补救和通知义务 D.保险标的的有些情况属于商业秘密或者个人隐私,可以不用告知保险人 二、多项选择题(每题有两个或两个以上正确答案,多选或少选、错选均不得分,每小题4分,共20分) 11.下列表述中,符合外观法则本意的是( ACD )。 A.对商事行为的内容及含义的解释,以表示行为的客观表象为准 B.如果按客观表象做出的解释对表意人不利,则应采用有利于表意人的其他解释 C.当事人对商事合同条款的解释有分歧时,以市场参与者的通常理解或交易习惯为准 D.在商事主体或商事行为的性质不明的情况下,法律从有利于善意相对人的角度加以认定 12.某股份公司成立时,某甲作为发起人欲以其所有的一幢楼房作为出资,他应办理的手续是( ABD )。 A.评估作价 B.产权过户 C.验资 D.创立大会确认 13.甲、乙、丙、丁为某会计师事务所的合伙人。该事务所为特殊的普通合伙。现甲在执业过程中因重大过失给某客户造成损失。关于赔偿责任的以下判断中,正确的选项有( CD )。 A.应由甲乙丙丁四人共同承担无限连带赔偿责任 B.应由甲单独承担赔偿责任 C应由甲和事务所承担赔偿责任 D.事务所对客户承担赔偿责任后,甲应当按照合伙协议的约定对事务所支付赔偿 14.取得票据但不享有票据权利的情形包括( BCD )。 A.明知前手以欺诈、盗窃等手段取得票据,但仍接受票据 B.拾得被小偷抛弃的票据 C.从黑市高价买得汇票若干 D.蒋某把偷来的支票赠与不知情的吴某 15.关于人身保险,下列说法不正确的有( BCD )。 A.法人可以成为投保人 B.法人可以成为被保险人 C.未出生的胎儿可以成为被保险人 D.人身保险的投保人不按期缴纳保险费,保险公司可以向人民法院提起诉讼三、判断题(正确的画√,错误的画×,每题2分,共20分) 16.商事组织就是人们为从事商品生产和交换而结成的经济实体。(√ )

相关主题