形容词重叠的方式和语法意义及使用规则

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形容词重叠的方式和语法意义及使用规则

作者：顾良玉

来源：《现代语文(语言研究)》2007年第07期

汉语中词语的重叠方式主要有三种：语法形态、构词方式和修辞手法。重叠方式的不同，其作用及语法意义就不同，其叠字的读音也有所不同。词语重叠中，形容词重叠是汉语中很有特色的语法现象。外国人在形容词重叠方面，往往不能正确使用其重叠式，本文试图从语法形态和构词方式的角度，通过对汉语中重叠形容词的梳理，概括总结出形容词的重叠方式及作用与语法意义，以及重叠形容词中叠字的读音，以使外国人能迅速掌握其使用规则和方法，并求教于专家学者。

1.从语法形态角度看，形容词重叠式可分为两种：单音节形容词重叠式和双音节形容词重叠式。

形容词重叠有程度加深的意思，即有“很”的意思，前面不能用“很”或“不”，包括双音节形容词。

1.1 单音节形容词

单音节形容词的重叠式一般为“A＋A”，在口语里，第二个音节可以儿化，即“A＋A＋儿”。如：

好好慢慢早早远远甜甜厚厚快快

好好儿慢慢儿早早儿远远儿甜甜儿厚厚儿快快儿

（1）张老师远远儿地走了过来。

（2）那个小男孩不是好好儿的吗？

（3）我们狠狠地批评了他。

单音节形容词重叠后，后面一般加“的”，作状语时一般要加“地”。

在读音方面，一般来说，单音节形容词重叠，不儿化，叠字则读为轻声。第二个音节如果儿化，就变为第一声，不管其原来是什么声调。但也有不同的看法。有的学者认为，重叠部分不儿化，则保持原声调[1]。

1.2 双音节形容词

重叠的语法意义与虚词的作用

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