北京市西城区2019届高三英语二模试题(含解析)

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北京市西城区2019届高三英语二模试题（含解析）

第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）

第一节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）

A

When I was in high school our physics teacher gave us a challenge ___1___ involved making a paper airplane of any shape. The only objective was to get it to fly as far as possible. ___2___ (stand) at the starting line, one of my classmates took a piece of flat paper, crumpled (把……捏成一团) it up, and ___3___ (throw) it down the way. He beat the class with ease. Some of the students got mad and said that he cheated, but the physics teacher ___4___ (clear) explained it could be any shape and that a paper ball was indeed a shape.

【答案】1. that/which

2. Standing

3. threw

4. clearly

【解析】

【分析】

这是一篇记叙文。本文简述作者在上物理课时，老师要求学生叠一个能飞的很远的纸飞机，形状不限，有一个同学就将纸捏成一团扔了出去，同学们都很愤怒，但老师认为纸团也是一种形状。

【1题详解】

考查定语从句。句意：在我上高中的时候，我们的物理老师给了我们一个挑战，让我们用一张纸做出一个纸飞机，形状不限。a challenge 是先行词，指物，同时定语从句中缺少主语，所以用关系代词。当定语从句中缺少主语而且先行词又是指物的时候，关系代词用that/which 。故填that/which 。

【2题详解】

考查非谓语动词。句意：我的一个同学站在开始线那里，拿了一张纸，捏成一团然后扔了出去。动词放在句首要考虑该动词的非谓语形式，如-ed 表被动或-ing 表主动，句中主语one of my classmates 与stand 是主动关系，故用standing 作方式状语。故填standing 。

【3题详解】

考查动词时态。and作为连词需连接两个时态、语态一致的动词，前面的动词took为一般过去时，因此and连接的动词也需要用一般过去时。故填threw。

【4题详解】

考查副词。句意：但我们的物理老师给我们详细的解释道，形状不限，就算是一团纸也是一个形状。explained是谓语动词，因此需要用副词修饰谓语动词。故填clearly。

【点睛】关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。在做定语从句相关题目时，首先要判断句子的先行词是人或物，其次再判断从句中缺少什么成分，如先行词是物，从句中缺少主语是that和which都可以。

B

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

Buildings around the world ___5___ (go) dark for 60 minutes this evening in a voluntary event known as Earth Hour. This grassroots effort started in 2007 in Sydney, Australia, and has since grown into ___6___ global movement to raise awareness of our energy consumption and the effects of climate change on our planet. Anyone can participate in this movement ___7___ switching off the lights at 8:30 PM local time. Last year close to 18,000 landmark buildings switched off their lights in 188 countries. Will you dim your lights tonight?

【答案】5. will go/are going

6. a

7. by

【解析】

这是一篇说明文。文章向我们说明了“地球一小时”的内容以及它的起源和现在人们的参与度，并呼吁大家今天晚上一起关灯。

【5题详解】

考查一般将来时。句意：在一场自愿的被称之为“地球一小时”的活动中，今天晚上全世界的大楼将关灯60分钟。由“this evening”以及文章最后一句“Will you dim your lights tonight?（你今天晚上会关灯吗？）”可知，今天晚上还没到来，这句话应使用一般将来时。又由于这是按计划会发生的事情，动词go是表示转移的动词，所以这句话也可以使用现在进行时表将来，给人一种期待感。主语buildings是名词复数形式，谓语动词也应用复数形

式。故填will go/are going。

【6题详解】

考查不定冠词。句意：这项活动2007年，在澳大利亚悉尼由普通人发起，现在已经变成了一个全球的运动。空格位于介词后，名词短语前，所以应填冠词。这里泛指一场全球性的活动，文中第一次提到，global以辅音音素开始，故填a。

【7题详解】

考查介词。句意：任何人都可以通过在当地时间下午8:30关掉灯来参与到活动中。空格后为动名词形式，所以空格处应填介词。“通过……方式”可使用介词by。故填by。

C

阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

The story of Chinese fashion began in 2011 when Feiyue and Huili, both Chinese sneaker brands, suddenly gained international attention. Their products ___8___ (see) on models all over the world then. Last year, Chinese sportswear brand LI-NING was at the New York Fashion Week in September with new designs ___9___ (decorate) with Chinese characters. Now the Chinese brands are impressive and ambitious and can go head to head with foreign brands. And this ambition may be due to the fact that China’s young people are now more confident about ___10___ (they) own culture. 【答案】8. were seen

9. decorated

10. their

【解析】

这是一篇说明文。文章向我们讲述了中国时尚品牌近些年的发展，2011年开始崭露头角，现在已与国外品牌齐肩。

【8题详解】

考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：那时全世界各地的模特都穿戴上了他们的产品。本句中的“then”指代上句中提到的2011年，所以这句话使用一般过去时。“their products”与see之间是被动关系，所以这句话应使用被动语态。且主语是复数形式，故填were seen。【9题详解】

考查过去分词作定语。句意：中国运动品牌“李宁”去年9月在纽约时尚周上带来了新的设计---印有汉字的卫衣和夹克。这句话谓语是was,并且句子中使用了with的独立主格结构，所以空格处应填非谓语动词作定语修饰new designs。New designs与decorate之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语。故填decorated。

【10题详解】

考查物主代词。句意：而此番雄心或许源于中国年轻人对他们的中华文化有了更强的自信心。由空格后的own可知，空格处应填物主代词。根据句意，空格处的物主代词与其前的“Chinese young people”呼应，故填their。

第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

The Gift of Forgiveness

The summer I turned 16, my father gave me his old 69 Chevy Malibu convertible. What did I know about classic cars? For me, the important thing was that Hannah and I could ___11___ around Tucson with the top down.

Hannah was my best friend, a year younger but much ___12___. That summer she ___13___ with a modeling agency, doing catalog and runway work.

A month after my birthday, Hannah and I went to the movies. On the way home, we ___14___ at the McDonald’s drive-through, putting the fries in the space between us to ___15___. “Let’s ride around awhile,” I said. It was a clear night, hot, full moon hanging low over the desert. Taking a curve (弯) too ___16___, I ran over some dirt and fishtailed. I then moved quickly through a neighbor’s landscape wall and drove into a full-grown palm tree. The front wheel came to rest halfway ___17___ the tree trunk.

There were French fries on the floor, the dash (仪表盘) and my lap. An impossible amount of ___18___ was on Hannah’s face, pieces of skin hanging around her eyes. We were taken in separate ambulances. In the emergency room, my parents spoke quietly: “Best plastic surgeon (整容医生) in the city…but it is more likely the ___19___ of her modeling career…”

We’d been wearing lap belts, ____20____ the car didn’t have shoulder belts. I’d broken my cheekbone on the steering wheel; Hannah’s ____21____ had split wide open on the dash. What would I say to her?

When her mother, Sharon, came into my hospital room, I started to cry, preparing myself for her ____22____. She sat beside me and took my han d. “I drove into the back of the car of my best friend when I was your age,” she said. “I completely ____23____ her car and mine.”

“I’m so sorry,” I said.

“You’re both ____24____,” she said. “Everything else doesn’t matter.” I started to explain, and Sharo n stopped me. “I ____25____ you. Hannah will too.”

Sharon’s forgiveness allowed Hannah and me to get back in the car together that summer, to stay ____26____ throughout high school and college, to be in each other’s weddings. I think of her gift of forgiveness every time I tend to feel angry about someone for a perceived（可感知到的）____27____, and whenever I see Hannah. The scars (伤疤) are now ____28____ and no one else would notice, but in the sunlight I can still ____29____ the faint, shiny skin just below her hairline—for ____30____, a sign of forgiveness.

11. A. drive B. run C. wander D. march

12. A. stronger B. healthier C. taller D.

smaller

13. A. competed B. chatted C. signed D. bargained

14. A. stopped B. ate C. aimed D. stood

15. A. catch B. share C. hold D. spare

16. A. fast B. seriously C. softly D. slow

17. A. across B. up C. below D. along

18. A. blood B. petrol C. water D. sweat

19. A. path B. base C. point D. end

20. A. and B. but C. or D. so

21. A. shoulders B. arms C. chest D. forehead

22. A. anger B. regret C. sorrow D. concern

23. A. attacked B. dragged C. damaged D. removed

24. A. alike B. relieved C. injured D. alive

25. A. help B. love C. understand D.

forgive

26. A. sisters B. friends C. classmates D. colleagues

27. A. need B. effort C. wrong D. threat

28. A. left B. marked C. shown D. faded

29. A. touch B. see C. feel D. learn

30. A. them B. you C. me D. her 【答案】11. A 12. C 13. C 14. A 15. B 16. A 17. B 18. A 19.

D 20. B 21. D 22. A 23. C 24. D 25. D 26. B 27. C 28.

D 29. B 30. C

【解析】

这是一篇记叙文。作者16岁那年，开着爸爸给她的车，跟好友Hannah看完电影后还想兜风一会，却不料拐弯太急，最后撞到了一棵棕榈树上，导致好友额头上留了一块伤疤。在作者最自责的时候，好友的母亲却原谅了作者，这个原谅让作者和Hannah能继续作为好朋友。作者很感激这次原谅。

【11题详解】

考查动词辨析。句意：对我来说，最重要的事情是我和Hannah可以敞着篷子在Tucson周围逛。A. drive开车；B. run跑步；C. wander徘徊，漫步；D. march前进，行军。上句讲作者爸爸给了一辆车，所以这里应该指开车闲逛。故选A。

【12题详解】

考查形容词比较级。句意：Hannah是我最好的朋友，比我小一岁但是比我高一些。A. stronger 更强壮；B. healthier更健康；C. taller更高；D. smaller更小。由下句中她在模特经纪公司做模特，可知她应该很高，故选C。

【13题详解】

考查动词辨析。句意：那个暑假它与一家模特经纪公司签约，在那里做编目工作与时装模特。

A. competed竞争；

B. chatted聊天；

C. signed签约；

D. bargained讨价还价。由于是在公司上班，所以是要与公司签约的。故选C。

【14题详解】

考查动词辨析。句意：回家的路上，我们停在肯德基免下车的车道上，把薯条放在我们俩都能够找的地方。A. stopped停下来；B. ate吃；C. aimed目标；D. stood站起来。我们要在肯德基买薯条，所以一定需要把车停在免下车的通道上一会，故选A。

【15题详解】

考查动词辨析。句意同上。A. catch抓住；B. share分享；C. hold持有，拥有；D. spare 备用的，多余的。根据句意，我们把薯条放在我们都能够着的地方以便分享。故选B。【16题详解】

考查副词辨析。句意：拐弯太急，我转到了泥土里并且车尾开始摇晃起来。A. fast快；B. seriously严重地；C. softly温柔地；D. slow慢的。由车尾开始摇晃起来，以及下句中冲过邻家的景观墙，可知他们拐弯太急太快，才会发生失控。故选A。

【17题详解】

考查介词辨析。句意：车的前胎一半停在树桩的上边。A. across从……的一边到另一边；

B. up在……之上；

C. below在……下面；

D. along沿着。由于他们是装在一棵长大的树上，所以车胎可能是半卡在空中。故选B。

【18题详解】

考查名词辨析。句意：Hannah的脸上有很多血，眼角挂着蹭起来的几片皮肤。A. blood血；

B. petrol汽油；

C. water水；

D. sweat汗。由蹭掉的皮肤可知，Hannah的脸上应该是有血。故选A。

【19题详解】

考查名词辨析。句意：可能是她模特生涯的结束。A. path 道路；B. base 基底；C. point要点，得分；D. end结束。由前边父母悄悄说的话“这是市里最好的整容医生”可知，

Hannah脸上伤的不轻，可能会留下伤疤，影响到她的模特生涯。故选D。

【20题详解】

考查并列连词。句意：我们都系了安全腰带，但是没有系肩带。A. and并且；B. but但是；

C. or或者；

D. so因此。由下文中的，我伤到了颧骨，Hannah伤到了额头可知，他们没有系肩带，导致他们头碰到了前边。前后句之间是转折关系。故选B。

【21题详解】

考查名词辨析。句意：Hannah的前额在猛冲中被撞破了一个大口。A. shoulders肩膀；B. arms 双臂；C. chest胸；D. forehead前额。此空格与全文最后一句中的“just below her hairline （刚好在发际线下边）”呼应，说明撞破的是前额。故选D。

【22题详解】

考查名词辨析。句意：当她妈妈Sharon来到医院的房间时，我开始哭了，准备好了迎接她的愤怒。A. anger愤怒；B. regret后悔；C. sorrow悲伤；D. concern担心，忧虑。由于Hannah是坐作者的车受伤了，所以作者以为Hannah的妈妈会很气愤。故选A。

【23题详解】

考查动词辨析。句意：她说“在你们这样的年纪，我开车与我最好朋友的车追尾了，我彻底毁坏了我们俩的车。” A. attacked攻击，侵害；B. dragged制动，拖动；C. damaged毁坏；D. removed转移，排除。由两个车追尾可知，是毁坏了两个车。故选C。

【24题详解】

考查形容词辨析。句意：她说“你们都活着，其它的一切就无关紧要了。” A. alike相似的，相像的；B. relieved感到宽慰的；C. injured受伤的；D. alive活着的。根据常识，事故之后，人没事就好。故选D。

【25题详解】

考查动词辨析。句意：我原谅你，Hannah也会的。A. help帮助；B. love爱； C. understand 理解；D. forgive原谅。此空格与下句中的“Sharon’s forgiveness”呼应，故选D。【26题详解】

考查名词辨析。句意：Sharon的原谅让我们那个小天又一起开车，从高中到大学都还是好朋友，还去参加对方的婚礼。A. sisters姐妹；B. friends朋友；C. classmates同学；

D. colleagues同事。此空格与第二段中的“Hannah was my best friend”呼应，故选B。【27题详解】

考查名词辨析。句意：每当我想对别人犯了可感知的错误而生气的时候，我就会想起她的原

谅。A. need需要；B. effort 努力；C. wrong错误；D. threat威胁。由常识可知，别人犯了错误时才会生气，故选C。

【28题详解】

考查动词辨析。句意：伤疤慢慢地褪尽了，其他人都注意不到了。A. left离开；B. marked 标记；C. shown表露；D. faded渐弱。由下文中别人看不到，但是我能注意到可知，伤疤没有完全消失，只是变得越来越浅了。故选D。

【29题详解】

考查动词辨析。句意：但是在阳光下，我能看到发际线下那个细微的，闪亮的小伤疤。A. touch 触及；B. see看到；C. feel感觉；D. learn学习。此空格与前半句中的notice意义一致，故选B。

【30题详解】

考查代词辨析。句意：对我来说，那是原谅的标志。A. them 它/她/他们；B. you你（们）；

C. me 我；

D. her她。因为故事发生在我身上，所以只有我能注意到那个伤疤，对于我它是原谅的标志。故选C。

第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

If you've always wanted to start your own herb or vegetable garden but don't have the yard space or the "green thumb" to pull it off, there's now another option. The OGarden Smart is an indoor gardening system that grows up to 90 plants at one time—20 of which are safe to eat.

Strawberries, green beans, peppers, green onions, and cherry tomatoes are just a few of the fruits and vegetables the OGarden can grow. Up to 30 potted plants can be placed on a lower shelf, where the seeds are allowed to germinate (发芽). Once they germinate, the plants can then be moved to the turning wheel up above, which holds up to 60 plants at a time. It takes about 30 to 40 days to harvest the produce, depending on the type of plant grown.

The system is self-watering and uses automatic LED lights to provide the right amount of sunlight, no matter what season it is. The only work that's required is planting the seeds and refilling the water tank once a week.

The OGarden Smart is the second product introduced by company co-founders Pierre Nibart and Pierre-Etienne Bourget, of Quebec, Canada. The original OGarden appeared in 2017, and the Smart upgrade adds a few new features, including automatic watering, automatic LED lighting, and a water warning system. Some reviewers of the original OGarden commented that the system is easy to use, and that the vegetables taste better than store-bought produce.

The OGarden Smart will set you back $859 Canadian dollars (about $650 USD) if you order it on Kickstarter at a discounted rate, but the company's founders are quick to point out that it will help you save money in the long-run. The system lets you grow organic (有机的) produce at a small part of the price you'd pay at your local grocery store.

To see some of the buying options available, check out the project's Kickstarter page. Any orders that are placed will be delivered this May.

31. What is the OGarden Smart?

A. A self-watering system.

B. A water warning system.

C. An indoor gardening system.

D. An automatic lighting system.

32. What can you learn about the OGarden Smart from the passage?

A. It can be used all year round.

B. It grows up to 60 plants at a time.

C. It is designed for people who have a yard.

D. It moves the plants from the shelf automatically.

33. The OGarden Smart can help you save money in the long-run mainly because of its _______

A. automatic upgrade

B. free after-sales service

C. low energy consumption

D. harvest of organic produce

【答案】31. C 32. A 33. D

【解析】

【分析】

这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一个室内园艺系统OGarden Smart可以全年使用，且自动浇水的，并使用自动LED灯提供适量的阳光。有机产品的丰收还可以帮助你省钱。

【31题详解】

细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句The OGarden Smart is an indoor gardening system that grows up to 90 plants at one time—20 of which are safe to eat.可知OGarden Smart 是一个室内园艺系统，一次可以种植90株植物，其中20株可以安全食用。故选C。

【32题详解】

细节理解题。第三段第一句The system is self-watering and uses automatic LED lights to provide the right amount of sunlight, no matter what season it is.可知该系统是自动浇水的，并使用自动LED灯提供适量的阳光，无论什么季节。即OGarden Smart可以全年使用。故选A。

【33题详解】

细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句The system lets you grow organic produce at a small part of the price you'd pay at your local grocery store.（该系统允许你种植有机农产品，价格仅为你在当地杂货店购买价格的一小部分。）可知从长远来看，OGarden Smart可以帮助你省钱，主要是因为它的有机产品的丰收。故选D。

【点睛】文章内容较为简单，文章考查到细节理解题，对此类题型，考生可以首先从问题中找到关键词然后以此为线索，运用略读及查阅的技巧在文中迅速寻找这一细节找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读一遍，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别。如第二小题，第三段第一句The system is self-watering and uses automatic LED lights to provide the right amount of sunlight, no matter what season it is.可知该系统是自动浇水的，并使用自动LED灯提供适量的阳光，无论什么季节。即OGarden Smart可以全年使用。故选A。

B

As the Camp Fire continued, killing at least 85 people and displacing thousands

more in Northern California, Madison waited there.

Gaylord the Anatolian shepherd mix’s owner, was not able to get to her home in Paradise, when the fire began to spread, meaning Madison was left behind. For weeks, all Gaylord could do was pray for Madison’s safety, according to California-based animal rescue organization Paw Print Rescue.

Sullivan, a volunteer with the organization, had already helped locate Madison’s brother Miguel in a different city. But Madison was even more difficult to find. Sullivan spotted Madison a few times in a canyon (峡谷), apparently guarding his land, and put out fresh food and water regularly in hopes that the dog would turn up, according to a Facebook post by Sullivan. She even placed an article of clothing that smelled like Gaylord near the home “to keep Madison’s hope alive until his people could return,” Sullivan wrote.

When the evacuation (疏散) order was lifted last week and Gaylord went back to her home—which had been ruined by the fire—her prayers were answered: Madison was there, seemingly protecting what little remained of his family’s home. “Well, I’m so happy to report that Gaylord was allowed to return to her home today and THERE MADISON WAS!!!! He had stayed to protect what was left of his home, and never gave up on his people!” Sullivan wrote in the comment on her Facebook post. “I’m so happy I’m crying as I write this! He didn’t give up through the storms or the fire!” she added.

Soon afterward, Madison was reunited with Miguel for the first time since the fire broke out. An emotional Gaylord said in an interview with the network that she was overcome with joy to see Madison waiting for her. She also expressed how grateful she wa s to Sullivan. Gaylord said fighting through tears, “You could never ask for better animals. He is the best dog.”

34. What did Madison do during the Camp Fire?

A. He rescued Sullivan.

B. He waited for Gaylord.

C. He stayed with Miguel.

D. He ran away from Paradise.

35. Why did Sullivan place an article of clothing smelling like Gaylord near the home?

A. To keep Madison warm.

B. To get Madison to turn up.

C. To help Madison remember his owner.

D. To encourage Madison not to give up.

36. Where was Madison finally found?

A. In a different city.

B. In a canyon.

C. At a camp.

D. At his home.

37. What quality is emphasized in this story?

A. Patience.

B. Unity.

C. Devotion.

D. Wisdom. 【答案】34. B 35. D 36. D 37. C

【解析】

这是一篇记叙文。Gaylord 的

营地着火后，尽管火势很凶猛，她的狗Madison 仍不顾危险坚守在那里等候主人。这让Gaylord 很感动，认为世界上没有比Madison 更好的狗。

【34题详解】 推理判断题。由第一段中的“Madison waited there ”与第四段中的“Gaylord, the Anatolian shepherd mix’s owner, was not able to get to her home in Paradise”可知，着火之后，狗Madison 一直守在那里，但是它的主人Gaylord 却因为或是无法回到家。可以推知，Madison 在等它的主人回家。故选B 。

【35题详解】

细节理解题。由第三段中的She even placed an article of clothing that smelled like Gaylord near the home “to keep Madison ’s hope alive until his people could return ”可知，Sullivan 把闻起来像Gaylord 的一件衣服放在家附近是为了在她的主人回来之前保持它的希望。也就是说鼓励Madison 不要放弃。故选D 。

【36题详解】

细节理解题。由第四段中的“Gaylord was allowed to return to her home today and THERE MADISON WAS!!!!”可知，终于Gaylord 可以回家了，发现Madison 还在那里。也就是还在它的家。故选D 。

【37题详解】

推理判断题。从全文的描述中“Gaylord的营地着火之后，Madison不顾危险，一直守在那里等它主人回来”以及由第四段中的“He had stayed to protect what was left of his home, and never gave up on his people!（他呆在那里保护房子并从没对放弃他的人们）”可知，Madison是很忠诚的。A. Patience 耐心；B. Unity团结；C. Devotion忠诚；D. Wisdom 智慧。故选C。

C

Choosing to forget something might take more mental effort than trying to remember it, researchers at The University of Texas at Austin discovered through neuroimaging (神经成像).

These findings, published in the Journal of Neuroscience, suggest that in order to forget an unwanted experience, more attention should be focused on it. This surprising result continues previous research on intentional forgetting, which focused on reducing attention to the unwanted information through redirecting attention away from unwanted experiences or holding back the memory’s retrievals (恢复).

“We may want to get rid of memories that cause nonadaptive responses, such as upsetting memories, so that we can respond to new experiences in more adaptive ways,” said Jarrod Lewis-Peacock, the study’s senior author and an assistant professor of psychology at UT Austin. “Decades of research has shown that we have the ability to voluntarily forget something, but how our brains do that is still being questioned. Once we can figure out how memories are weakened and design ways to control this, we can design treatment to help people rid themselves of unwanted memories.”

Using neuroimaging to track patterns of brain activity, the researchers showed a group of healthy adults images of scenes and faces, instructing them to either remember or forget each image. Their findings not only confirmed that humans have the ability to control what they forget, but that successful intentional forgetting required “moderate (适中的) levels” of brain activity in these sensory and

perceptual areas (感官区域)—more activity than what was required to remember.

“A moderate level of brain activity is critica l to this forgetting mechanism. Too strong, and it will strengthen the memory; too weak, and you won’t change it,” said Tracy Wang, lead author of the study and a psychology postdoctoral fellow at UT Austin. “Importantly, it’s the intention to forget that increases the activation of the memory, and when this activation hits the ‘moderate level’ sweet spot, that’s when it leads to later forgetting of that experience.” The researchers also found that participants were more likely to forget scenes than faces, which can carry much more emotional information, the researchers said.

“We’re learning how these mechanisms in our brain respond to different types of information, and it will take a lot of further research and replication (重复) of this work before we under stand how to control our ability to forget,” said Lewis-Peacock, who has begun a new study using neurofeedback to track how much attention is given to certain types of memories.

"This will make way for future studies on how we process, and hopefully get rid of, those really strong, sticky emotional memories, which can have a powerful effect on our health and well-being," Lewis-Peacock said.

38. Previous studies on intentional forgetting researched ______.

A. the pattern of brain activity

B. the process of recovering a memory

C. the way to reduce attention to unwanted information

D. the amount of attention required by intentional forgetting

39. According to Tracy Wang, forgetting is possible when ______.

A. people respond to new experiences in an adaptive way

B. the activation of the memory reaches a certain level

C. people have the strongest intention to forget

D. the information involves more emotion

40. Lewis continues his study to find out ______.

A. how to control people’s ability to forget

B. where to ap ply the findings of his team’s latest study

C. what effects upsetting memories have on people’s health

D. if different types of information requires different levels of attention

41. What is the best title of the article?

A. Where does forgetting take place?

B. How does attention affect memory?

C. Forgetting uses more brain power than remembering

D. Forgetting is far more difficult than we once imagined

【答案】38. C 39. B 40. A 41. C

【解析】

【分析】

这是一篇科学研究类的说明文。说明了科学家试图通过神经影像研究有意遗忘的大脑活动方式的进展、后续方向以及意义。

【38题详解】

细节理解题。第二段最后一句话是一个非限制性定语从句，修饰previous research on intentional forgetting（以前关于有意遗忘的研究），所以从从句部分（which focused on reducing attention to the unwanted information through redirecting attention away from unwanted experiences or holding back the memory’s retrievals）可知，以前的研究主要关注于通过转移注意力的方式或者通过不去想的方式减少对不想要的信息的关注。也就是说主要是研究减少对不想要的信息的关注的方式。故选C。

【39题详解】

细节理解题。由第五段中Tracy Wang所说的 A moderate level of brain activity is critical to this forgetting mechanism. Too strong, and it will strengthen the memory; too weak, and you won’t change it可知，适度的大脑活动是遗忘机制的关键。大脑活动太强，会加强记忆，大脑活动太弱，不会改变记忆。也就是说只有当大脑活动达到一个特定水平的时候才有可能忘记。故选B。

【40题详解】

细节理解题。由第六段中Lewis 所说的“We’re learning how these mechanisms in our brain respond to different types of information, and it will take a lot of further research and replication (重复) of this work before we understand how to control our ability to forget”可知，他们正在研究这些机制在不同类型的信息面前怎么运行，

要弄明白如何控制遗忘的能力还要做进一步的研究并且还要重复很多次这样的工作。这句话使用了before引导的时间状语从句表达了研究的目的。before后从句部分就是研究目的，研究就是为了弄明白如何控制遗忘的能力，故选A。

【41题详解】

主旨大意题。这是一篇说明文，文章第一段就表明了文章所要表达的中心思想。第一段中的研究发现的内容Choosing to forget something might take more mental effort than trying to remember it（有意遗忘比试图记住花更多的精力）就是文章中心，故选C。【点睛】主旨大意题是高考英语阅读中的常考题型，每年占值2~4份。主旨大意题与文章体裁是紧密相关的，例如说明文一般在首段首句就会点名文章中心，或者通过读每段首句可以总结出中心，进而可以确定标题。记叙文一般都有事件转折点，转折点之后的思想是文章中心，转折点事件也就可以作为记叙文的标题。议论文一般通过每段首句总结中心思想。同学们平时练习时要多总结如何借用文章文体确定标题。例如本文是一篇说明文，我们就可以直接在首段中找到文章中心思想，确定标题。学会用问题解题，就可以避免总结小标题时被细枝末节的信息所干扰。

D

The new social robots, including Jibo, Cozmo, Kuri and Meccano M.A.X., bear some resemblance to assistants like Apple’s Siri, but these robots come with something more. They are designed to win us over not with their smarts but with their personality. They are sold as companions that do more than talk to us. Time magazine hailed (称赞) the robots that “could fundamen tally reshape how we interact with machines.” But is reshaping how we interact with machines a good thing, especially for children?

Some researchers in favor of the robots don’t see a problem with this. People have relationships with many kinds of things. Some say robots are just another thing with which we can have relationships. To support their argument, roboticists sometimes point to how children deal with toy dolls. Children animate (赋予…生命) dolls and turn them into imaginary friends. Jibo, in a sense, will be one more imaginary friend, and arguably a more intelligent and fun one.

Getting attached to dolls and sociable machines is different, though. Today’s

robots tell children that they have emotions, friendships, even dreams to share. In reality, the whole goal of the robots is emotional trickery. For instance, Cozmo the robot needs to be fed, repaired and played with. Boris Sofman, the chief executive of Anki, the company behind Cozmo, says that the idea is to create “a deeper and deeper emotional conn ection ... And if you neglect him, you feel the pain of that.” What is the point of this, exactly? What does it mean to feel the pain of neglecting something that feels no pain at being neglected, or to feel anger at being neglected by something that doesn’t even know it is neglecting you?

This should not be our only concern. It is troubling that these robots try to empathize with children. Empathy allows us to put ourselves in the place of others, to know what they are feeling. Robots, however, have no emotions to share, and they cannot put themselves in our place. No matter what robotic creatures “say” or squeak, they don’t understand our emotional lives. They present themselves as empathy machines, but they are missing the essential equipment. They have not been born, they don’t know pain, or death, or fear. Robot thinking may be thinking, but robot feeling is never feeling, and robot love is never love.

What is also troubling is that children take robots’ behavior to indicate feelings. When the robots interact with them, children take this as evidence that the robots like them, and when robots don’t work when needed, children also take it personally. Their relationships with the robots affect their self-esteem (自尊). In one study, an 8-year-old boy concluded that the robot stopped talking to him because the robot liked his brothers better.

For so long, we dreamed of artificial intelligence offering us not only simple help but conversation and care. Now that our dream is becoming real, it is time to deal with the emotional downside of living with robots that “feel.”

42. How are the new social robots different from Siri?

A. They are intended to teach children how to talk.

B. They are designed to attract people with their smarts.

C. Their main function is to eva luate children’s personality.

D. They have a new way to communicate with human beings.

43. In Paragraph 3 Cozmo is used as an example to show that the social robots ______.

A. are deeply connected with human beings

B. are unable to build a real relationship with children

C. are so advanced that they can feel the pain of human beings

D. are not good enough to carry out the instructions of children

44. The underlined phrase “essential equipment” in Paragraph 4 refers to ______.

A. emotion

B. pain

C. fear

D. thinking

45. Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?

I: Introduction P: Point Sp: Sub-point (次要点) C: Conclusion

A. B.

C. D.

【答案】42. D 43. B 44. A 45. B

【解析】

【分析】

这是一篇议论文。新的社交机器人与以往机器人不同，他们不仅比我们聪明还有他们的个性。时代周刊称它彻底改变了我们与机器互动的方式。但是对这种改变有的科学家赞同而有很多人也很担忧。

【42题详解】

推理判断题。由第一段中的第一句话可知，新的社交机器人与像苹果的Siri这样的助理有相同之处，但比它们有更多功能。再由第一段中的Time magazine hailed (称赞) the robots that “could fundamentally reshape how we interact with machines.可知，社交机器

人彻底改变了我们与机器互动的方式，可以推知以一种新的方式与人们交流互动。故选D。【43题详解】

推理判断题。Cozmo是第三段的举例，举例肯定是用来证明本段或者其前边的观点的。本段的中心是“Getting attached to dolls and sociable machines is different, though.（与洋娃娃相处与与社交机器相处是不同的”。再由第三段最后一句句意“你觉得忽略了机器人而难受，但是机器人并不会感觉被忽略，或者你感觉机器人冷落了你而难受但是机器人根本不知道它冷落了你，这些意味着什么呢？”可知，社交机器人并不能真的跟小朋友建立感情。故选B。

【44题详解】

猜测词义题。由划线单词后的“They have not been born, they don’t know pain, or death, or fear. Robot thinking may be thinking, but robot feeling is never feeling, and robot love is never love.”可知，社交机器人不知道疼，死亡或害怕。社交机器人的思维可能是在想，但是他们的感觉从来不是感觉，他们的爱也从来不是爱。这句话是证明划线单词所在句子的论点的，他们是会同情的机器，但是他们缺少感情，导致他们所谓的感情是假的。所以划线单词词意为情感。A. emotion情感；B. pain疼痛；C. fear害怕；D. thinking 想。故选A。

【45题详解】

篇章结构题。分析文章内容，第一段提出观点：社交机器人改变了我们与机器互动的方式。第二段提出一些支持这一改变的专家的想法，第三段提出一些人对这一改变的担忧，并且第三段后半部分以及第四段、第五段分别是这些人的三点担忧。最后一段总结这一趋势面临的现状。所以文章提出观点后，分为支持和反对两个观点，反对方面又列出了三点担忧，最后一段总结。故选B。

【点睛】猜测词义题在高考中有三种考查形式：生词猜测词义或熟词生义、猜测一句话的意思、指代关系猜词（代词或者名词）。从近三年考查形势看，三种考查方式同等重要。本文中考查的是生词猜测词义。这种题型的解法主要是在生词后找到其释义句。例如本文中划线单词后一句话是对划线单词所在句子的解释。根据“they are missing”与其前后“don’t understand”及“never”这些否定词之间的呼应，可知，划线单词与“emotional lives”、“feeling”、“love”等之间是并列解释关系。由这些词可以推知划线单词意思为情感，故选A。