(完整word版)名词性从句详解

第三章名词性从句

●重点知识回顾

同学们，我们现在来看看名词性从句。在我们讲解这个语法项目之前，我先请你想一想，这个“名词性从句”是个名词呢？还是个句子？对了，是个句子。是个具有了名词性质的句子。那么你再想想，名词都能做什么句子成分呢？对了。名词能做：主语，表语，宾语，定语，补足语，同位语。

在谈名词性从句之前,我们先来复习一下名词所充当的句子成分

1. Some __________(女人) working in the field. （主语）

2. No help ________ found, though they tried to. （主语）

3. China and India _______ developing countries. （主语）

4. The project need more workers

5. The woman over there is a foreigner

参考答案：

1.women are

2. was

3. are

4 句中划线的名词在句中做宾语

5句中划线名词在句中做表语

名词性从句的概念

复习了名词之后，我们该来看看名词性从句了。

名词性从句的概念是什么呢？名词性从句相当于名词，在主从复合句中，可以做主句的主语，表语，宾语，同位语等。在大多数情况下，这些句子成分是由名词来充当的，所以,承担起这些作用的从句被称为名词性从

句。也就是说，名词性从句包括：主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句，同位语从句.我们在初中阶段所接触到的名词性从句主要是宾语从句。下面我们简要复习一下宾语从句的有关内容。

一、宾语从句的定义

宾语从句是指在复合句中作及物动词的宾语的从句，也可以作某些形容词或介词的宾语。

二、宾语从句的用法

We can learn what we didn’t know.

我们学习不知道的东西。

Do you know whom they are waiting for?

你知道他们在等谁吗?

I wonder whether(if) daughters are valued as much as son.

我不知道是否女儿会像男孩一样受重视.

I will give the present to whoever finishes the work first.

我要把这个礼物送给最先完成工作的人。

The Bachs hold what they call “family day” once a month.

巴赫一家每月举办一次他们所谓的“家庭日”。

如果主句谓语动词是make, find, see, hear等,通常把把宾语从句至于宾补之后，用it做形式宾语,从而构成：主语+谓语+形式宾语it +宾语补足语+真正的宾语,如:

We find it necessary that we practise spoken-English.

我们发现练习英语口语是必要的.

另外，某些做表语的形容词(sure, happy, glad, certain)之后也带宾语从句,如:

It’s certain that our life will become better and better.

我们的生活肯定会变得越来越好.

I’m sure that you will succeed in the end.

我敢保证你最终会成功的.

还有，如果主句谓语是think, suppose, imagine, believe等，宾语从句中的否定意义通常在主句中表达，也就是not 提前，语法上称为“否定转移”。例如：

I don’t think you are right.

我认为你不对。

●知识过渡精讲

除去初中所学的宾语从句之外，还有其他三类名词性从句，即主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。下面我们重点讲解一下这三种从句的用法。一．名词性从句的关联词主要有三类：

主从连词：that（无词义，不做成分）, if (是否，只能引导宾语从句) whether （是否）；

连接代词：who (谁)，whom（谁），whose（谁的），what（什么），which （哪一个、哪一些）；

连接副词：when (什么时候)，where（什么地方），why（为什么），how （怎样）。

二. 分类讲解

1. 主语从句

（1）定义

主语从句是指在复合句中作主句的主语的从句。

（2）用法

Whether she will come or not is still a question.

她是不是来还是个问题。

What we need is more time.

我们所需要的是更多的时间。

Who will go makes no difference.

谁去没什么不同。

Which team will win the game is still unknown.

哪支队伍将赢得比赛还不知道。

When they will start is being discussed now.

他们将什么时候开始正在被讨论。

Where she has gone has been found out.

她去了哪里已经被发现。

如果主语从句较长,为了避免“头重脚轻”,我们通常的做法是用it做形式主语,而将结构较长的从句后置,如:

It is strange that you should like him.

你居然喜欢他,这有点奇怪.

It is well known to all of us that the moon moves round the earth.

众所周知，月亮围绕地球转。

It’s a shame that you can’t come to the party.

真遗憾你不能来参加晚会。

2.表语从句

（1）定义

表语从句是指在复合句中作主句的表语的从句，位于主句的系动词之后。表语从句和主语指同一内容，它对主语进行解释、说明，使主语的内容具体化。

（2）用法

The question is who can solve the problem.

问题是谁能够解决这个麻烦.

He looks as if he is going to cry.(表示真实情况,不用虚拟语气)

他看起来要哭了.

She looks as if she were going to die.

她看起来要死了.(其实不是这种情况,所以使用虚拟语气)

What I want to say is that we should obey the rules.

我要说的是我们应该遵守规定.

The reason for her being late this morning is that she didn’t catch the early bus.

他今天上午迟到的原因是他没有赶上早班车.

The problem is how we can finish so much work within such a short time.

问题是我们如何能在如此短的时间内完成这么多工作.

The village is not what it used to be .

这个村庄已经不再是过去的样子了.

3. 同位语从句

（1）定义

位于名词或代词后，进一步说明该名词的内容，经常后面接同位语从句的名词主要有：fact, news, promise, idea, truth, suggestion, order, wish，belief, hope, thought, word等。连接词用that（不用which），及连接副词how, when, where, why等

（2）用法

His delay is due to the fact that the car went wrong halfway.

他的延误是由于汽车中途坏了这个事实.

The news that our team has won the game is true.

我们队赢得了比赛的消息是真的.

There is no doubt that you will be warmly welcomed at the evening party.

毫无疑问，你们在晚会上会受到热烈的欢迎.

I have no idea when I will be back from Beijing.

我不知道什么时候从北京回来。

I have no idea what is actually going on in the classroom.

我不知道教室里实际上在干什么？

同位语从句不同于定语从句，定语从句是对前面的名词或代词进行修饰、限制，表明是什么人、什么事；同位语从句则是对前面的词加以补充、说明。例如：

The news that he told me is very disappointing.

他告诉我的那个消息非常令人失望。（定语从句，表明消息是他告诉我的，不是别人，因为引导定语从句并在从句中作宾语，所以that可以省略）

The news that our women football team won the game is very encouraging.

我们女足赢了比赛的消息实在令人鼓舞。（同位语从句，解释、说明消息的具体内容，因为引导同位语从句，that虽然没意思也不作成分，但不可以省略）

●本讲问题小结

我们已经了解了名词性从句的概念，类型和基本用法。现在我们来进行一下总结。

一、我们在选择名词性从句的关联词时应注意以下几个步骤：

1、首先要看从句的句子成分是否完整，如果缺主语，表语或宾语，要

选用what，如果所缺的是人时用who 或whom，例如：

_______ he said was true.

这个复合句中，含有一个主语从句，其中，said是及物动词，可是其后没有宾语，这就叫句子成分不完整，那么就应用what来引导此句.

I don’t know _______ they are talking about.

这个主从复合句中，含有一个宾语从句，从句中，talk about没有宾语，所以句子成分不完整，因此用what引导，如：

They are trying to find out who stole the car.

他们正努力查找谁偷了汽车.

2、当从句不缺少句子成分的补充，但意思上并不完整时，要选用适当

的疑问代词或疑问副词

如：

I wonder when he will come back.

我不知道他何时回来.

They are discussing how they can get to the top of the hill.

他们正在讨论怎样才能到达山顶.

We really don’t know why he was late again.

我确实不知道他问什么又晚了.

3、当从句既不缺成分也不缺意思时，用that 引导，如：

I’m sure that he will succeed.

我确信他会成功的。

That he will marry Mary was announced.

他将娶玛丽已经公布了。

二、除了上述的关联词以外，我们还会用到下列whatever, whoever, whenever,

however, whomever, wherever等，这些词既可以引导让步状语从句，也可以引导名词性从句。如：

Whatever you saw at the spot is very important. （主语从句）你在那个地点所看到的都是很重要的。

Whatever you say, I’ll not believe you. （状语从句）

不管你说出什么，我都不会相信你的。

Whenever he comes is suitable for me. （主语从句）

他什么时间来对我来说都合适。

Whenever you see him, tell him the news. （状语从句）

无论你什么时候见到他，把这个消息告诉他。

那么我们来区别一下what 与whatever所引导的名词性从句, 如：

I don’t know what he did while he was in her garden, but I know her garden was destroyed.

我不知道他在花园里做了什么，但我知道花园被毁坏了。

I know whatever he did is for you.

我知道他无论做了什么都是为了你。

第一句中，说话人对“他”所做的事持疑问态度，想知道他究竟做了什么

第二句话中，说话人对“他”所做的事持信任态度，即“不管他做了什么，我根本不用知道细节，肯定是为你好”

三、只能用whether不能用if的情况：

1、除宾语从句以外的名词性从句，如主语从句、表语从句，同位语从句等。

2、在介词之后（介词往往可以省略）

It all depend (on) whether they will support us.

完全取决于他们是否支持我们。

3、后面紧跟or not时

We didn’t know whether or not she was ready.

我们不知道她是否准备好了。

4、用if会引起歧义时

Please let me know if you like it.

如果你喜欢请让我知道。

5、在宾语从句或“be+形容词”之后用两者皆可。

I wonder whether(if) the news is true.

我不知道消息是否真实。

He was not sure whether(if) it was right or wrong.

他不敢保证是不是正确。

6、只能用whether, if不能用that的情况。

I doubt whether he will come or not.

我怀疑他是否会来。

I don’t doubt that he will succeed.

我不怀疑他会成功的

四、that 的使用应引起我们足够的重视，引导名词性从句时，that 不做任

何成分，没有任何意思。但除了在宾语从句中经常省略外，其余情况下一般都不能省略，如：

That the earth moves round the sun is well known to all of us.

月球环绕地球转动，这是我们大家都熟悉的。

We know (that)a parrot can’t really speak.

我们知道鹦鹉并不能真正说话。

One idea is that fish is the best brain food.

有一种看法认为鱼是最好的不脑食品。

The news that China’s first manned space mission achieved a complete success excites us all.

中国首次载人航天飞行获得圆满成功的消息让我们都很兴奋。

注意：同学们已经清楚了that 在名词性从句中，不做成分，没有意思。除引导宾语从句时经常被省略外，一般不能被省略。可是，与之不同

的是that在引导定语从句时是必须要做成分的，经常充当宾语、主

语、状语、表语。当其在从句中充当宾语时，在非正式英语中，经

常可以省略。

五、请同学们注意，名词性从句一般使用陈述语序，这是我们对此类从句考查的重点内容，例如：

He wants to tell us what he thinks.

我想告诉我们他所想的事情。

That is what we differ.

这就是我们的不同。

但是这里有两个例外，即what’s wrong, what’s the matter.永远用疑问语序，例如：

I don’t know what’s wrong with the washing machine.

我不知道洗衣机哪坏了。

What I want to know is what’s the matter with you.

我想知道的是你怎么了。

●过渡阶越练习

◆巩固基础训练

关于名词性从句的知识我们已经掌握了，下面我们来试试使用。

一、根据所给的汉语，把两句话合并成一个主从复合句

1.I don’t know. They have come.

（我不知道他们已经来了这件事）

2.I don’t know. Have they come?

（我不知道他们来了没有）

3. The man asked. Who had a strange dream.

（那个男人问谁做了个怪梦）

4. The policeman wasn’t s ure. Where was the thief?

（警察不知道小偷在哪里）

5.He did something. It made us angry.

（他所做的事令我们气愤）

★答案与解析：

1. I don’t know that they have come.

2. I don’t know whether/if they have come.

3. The man asked who had a strange dream.

4. The policeman w asn’t sure where the thief was.

5. What he did made us angry.

二，根据所给汉语意思，补全下列句子

1. He told his boss _____________(他将离开他的工作岗位)

2. ___________(他所说的话) caused great horror.

3. My suggestion is_____________(我们先问问他)

4. I have heard of his suggestion____________(他们不带那个老人一起

去)

5. They found out the fact___________(这座山上的树木已经被毁坏

了)

★答案：

1. that he would leave his job.

2. What he said

3. that we should ask them first

4. that they should go without the old man

5. that the trees on the hill had been destroyed

◆能力拓展训练

1. ____he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.

A. What

B. That

C. The fact

D. The matter

2. ____is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.

A. There

B. This

C. That

D. It

3. _____we can’t get seems better than____ we have.

A. What, what

B. What, that

C. That, that

D. That, what

4. _____we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.

A. If

B. Whether

C. That

D. Where

5. It is generally considered unwise to give a child ____he or she wants.

A. however

B. whatever

C. whichever

D. whenever

6. All the people rushed out to see____

A. what was the matter

B. what the matter was

C. how the matter was

D. what the matter is

7. ____I can’t understand is_____ she must go there

A. What, that

B. What, why

C. That, why

D. That, how

8.. He doesn’t know____ we will go or not.

A. what

B. that

C. whether

D. how

9.. The trouble is_____ we are short of hands.

A. what

B. that

C. how

D. why

10. The fact _____she works hard is well-known.

A. that

B. what

C. why

D. which

★参考答案：1—5 ADABB 6—10 ABCBA

1.、这个句子中含有主语从句，而主语从句中said是及物动词，它没有宾

语，从句句子成分不完整，所以选what

2、这句话中真正的主语是“that English is being…..”，所以句首应选it做

形式主语

3、这句话中seems前是个主语从句，其后是个表语从句，都是成分不完整

的名词性从句，所以前后两个空都选what

4、这句话中之前是个主语从句，这个从句并不缺成分，但是从谓语部分来

看，此事悬而未决，所以选whether

5、这个句子中含有一个give 所带的直接宾语从句，从句中及物动词wants

没有宾语，而且从句意来看是不该对孩子要什么给什么，所以选whatever

6、一般情况下，从句的语序都是陈述句的顺序，但是“What’s the matter”

不论做简单句还是复合句中的从句，都是这个固定的顺序

7、这个句子的主动词是“is” 它的前面是主语从句，后面是表语从句。主

语从句中没有宾语，属于句子成分不完整，所以用“what”引导；因为主语从句表达了一个疑问，所以表语从句要符合其语意，用一个含有疑问意思的关系词，所以选“why”

8、从主句可知，“他”对某事有疑问，所以宾语从句的关系词要与之呼应，

选用一个带有疑问的关系词，所以选C

9、这句话中含有一个表语从句，从句中不缺句子成分，也是个确实的存在

的麻烦，所以选只起引导作用的that

10、这个句子中含有fact所代的同位语从句，所以选that

(完整版)名词性从句高考题语法填空

名词性从句高考题语法填空 1. （2014北京卷）30. The best moment for the football star was _______ he scored the winning goal. 2. I am afraid he’s more of a talker than a doer, which is ______ he never finishes anything. 3. （2014大纲卷）2 4. Exactly ____ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 156 5. 4. It suddenly occurred to him he had left his keys in the office. 5. （2014福建卷）34. Pick yourself up. Courage is doing you're afraid to do. 6. He thought mattered most in improving your spoken English was enough confidence and practice. 7. （2014湖南卷）24. As John Lennon once said，life is_____ happens to you while you are busy making other plans. 8. _____ is known to us all is that the 2010 Asian Games will take place in Guangzhou. 9.2014山东卷）7. It is difficult for us to imagine_____ life was like for slaves in the ancient world. 10. The shocking news mad me realize ________ terrible problems we would face. 11.（2014四川卷）2. Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, "That's ______ I was born." 12. —I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays. —That’s_______I don’t agree. You should have a more active life. 14. （2014浙江卷）8. “Every time you eat a sweet, drink green tea.” This is _____ my mother used to tell me. 15. People have heard what the president has said; they are waiting to see ____ he will do. 16. （2014重庆卷）12.—Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday? —Yeah, but I have no idea ____ he did it; that’s one of his favorite universities. A. when B. Why C. that D. how 1. (2013·北京卷·T31)makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer. 2.(2013·山东卷·T30)It’s good to know the dogs will be well cared for while we’re away. 3.(2013·浙江卷·T16)The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief you are better than anyone else on the sports field. 4.(2013·四川卷·T6)you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company. 5.(2013·重庆卷·T28)struck me most in the movie was the father’s deep love for his son. 6.(2013·天津卷·T15)I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents. 7.(2013·北京卷·T33)Experts believe people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary.

名词性从句超详细讲解]

名词性从句超详细讲解] 【文字｜双语| 教程】▼引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：连词（5个）：that （本身无意义。引导单一的宾语从句时that常可省略，但引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时that通常不被省略）whether,if （均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性）as if ,as though （[1] 均表示“好像”，“似乎”）以上在从句中均不充当任何成分连接代词（10个）：what/ whatever, who/ whoever, whom/ whomever, whose/whosever, which/ whichever连接副词（7个）：when/ whenever, where/ wherever, how/ however, why不可省略的连词：1. 介词后的连词。2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。That she was chosen made us very happy.We heard the news that our team had won.3. 在从句中做成分的连词.比较whether与if 均为"是否"的意思。但在下列情况下，只可用whether：1. whether引导主语从句并在句首。 eg:Whether he can come to the party on time depends on the traffic.2. 引导表语从句。eg:The question is whether we can get in touch with her.3.whether从句作介词宾语。eg:I am thinking about whether I should quit my present job.4.if与whether都可以与or not 连用，但后面紧跟or not 时只能用whether。We didn't know whether or not she was ready.（此时只能用

2020届高三精准培优专练六 名词性从句(教师版)

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