2打印构词法与练习
构词法
一.类别
英语构词法主要有：合成法，转化法，派生法，混成法，截短法和词首字母缩略法。
二.定义与精讲
1.转化法
英语中，有的名词可作动词，有的形容词可作副词或动词，这种把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫作转化法。
1)动词转化为名词
①很多动词可以转化为名词，大多数情况下，意思没有多大的变化，如：
Let's go out for a walk.我们到外面去散散步吧。
②有时意思有一定变化，如：
He is a man of strong build.他是一个体格健壮的汉子。
③有的与一个动词和不定冠词构成短语，表示一个动作，如：
Let's have a swim.咱们游泳吧。
2)名词转化为动词
①很多表示物件，如
Did you book a seat on the plane? 你订好飞机座位了吗?
②身体部位，如：
Please hand me the book.请把那本书递给我。
③某类人的名词可以用作动词来表示动作，如：
She nursed her husband back to health.她看护丈夫，使他恢复了健康。
④某些抽象名词也可作动词。如：
We lunched together.我们在一起吃了午餐。
3)形容词转化为动词
有少数形容词可以转化为动词。如：
We will try our best to better our living conditions.我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。
4)副词转化为动词
有少数副词可以转化为动词。例如：
Murder will out.(谚语)恶事终必将败露。
5)形容词转化为名词
①表示颜色的形容词常可转化为名词，如：
You should be dressed in black at the funeral.你在葬礼中该穿黑色衣服
②某些形容词如old, young, poor, rich, wounded, injured等与the连用，表示一类人，作主语时，
谓语用复数如下，如：
The old in our village are living a happy life.我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。
2.派生法
在词根前面加前缀或在词根后面加后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫作派生法。
1)前缀
除少数前缀外，前缀一般改变单词的意义，不改变词性；后缀一般改变词类，而不引起词义的变化。
(1)表示否定意义的前缀常用的有dis-, il-, im-, in-, ir-, mis-, non-, un-等，在单词的前面加这类前
缀常构成与该词意义相反的新词。例如：
appear出现→disappear消失correct正确的→incorrect不正确的
lead带领→mislead领错stop停下→non-stop不停
(2)表示其他意义的前缀常用的有a-(多构成表语形容词), anti- (反对；抵抗), auto- (自动), co- (共
同), en- (使), inter- (互相), re- (再；又), sub- (下面的；次；小), tele- (强调距离)等。例如：
alone单独的antigas防毒气的autochart自动图表cooperate合作
enjoy使高兴internet互联网reuse再用subway地铁telephone电话
2)后缀
英语单词不仅可以通过加前缀构成新词，也可加后缀构成新词。后缀通常会改变单词的词性，构成意义相近的其他词性；少数后缀还会改变词义，变为与原来词义相反的新词。
(1)构成名词的后缀常用的有-ence，-(e)r/ -or (从事某事的人),-ese (某地人)，-ess (雌性)，-ful
(一……)，-ian (精通……的人)，-ist (专业人员)，-ment (性质；状态)，-ness (性质；状态)，-tion(动作；过程)等。例如：
differ不同于→difference区别write写→writer作家
Japan日本→Japanese日本人act表演→actress女演员
mouth口→mouthful一口music音乐→musician音乐家
(2)构成动词的后缀常用的有-(e)n (多用于形容词之后)，-fy (使……化)，-ize (使……成为)。例如：
wide→widen加宽beauty→beautify
美化pure→purify 提纯real→realize意识到
organ→organize组织
(3)构成形容词的后缀常用的有-al，
-able (有能力的)，-(a)n(某国人的)，-en (多用于表示材料的名词后)，-ern (方向的)，-ese(某国人的)，-ful，-(ic)al，-ish，-ive，-less (表示否定)，-like (像……的)，-ly，-ous，-some，-y (表示天气)等。例如：
nature自然→natural自然的reason道理→reasonable有道理的
America美国→American美国的China中国→Chinese中国人的
gold金子→golden金的east东→eastern东方的
child孩子→childish孩子气的snow雪→snowy雪的
(4)构成副词的常用后缀有-ly (主要用于形容词之后表示方式或程度)，-ward(s) (主要用于表示方
位的词之后表示方向)。例如：
angry生气的→angrily生气地
to到→towards朝……，向……
east东方→eastward向东
(5)构成数词的后缀有-teen (十几)，-ty (几十)，-th (构成序数词)。例如：
six六→sixteen十六→sixteenth第十六
four四→forty四十→fortieth第四十
3.合成法
（1）合成名词
构成方式例词
名词＋名词weekend周末
名词＋动词daybreak黎明
名词＋动名词handwriting书法名词＋及物动词＋er／or pain-killer止痛药
名词＋介词＋名词editor-in-chief总编辑
动词＋名词typewriter打字机
动名词＋名词reading-room阅览室
现在分词＋名词flying-fish飞鱼
形容词＋名词gentleman绅士
副词＋动词outbreak爆发
介词＋名词afternoon下午
代词＋名词she-wolf母狼
（2）合成形容词
构成方式例词
名词＋形容词snow-white雪白的
名词＋现在分词English-speaking讲英语的
名词＋to＋名词face-to-face面对面的
名词＋过去分词man-made人造的
数词＋名词one-way单行的
数词＋名词＋形容词two-year-old两岁的
数词＋名词＋ed five-storeyed五层的
动词＋副词see-through透明的
形容词＋名词high-class高级的
形容词＋名词＋ed noble-minded高尚的
形容词＋形容词light-blue浅蓝色的
形容词＋现在分词good-looking相貌好看的
副词＋形容词ever-green常青的
副词＋现在分词hard-working勤劳的
副词＋过去分词well-known著名的
副词＋名词fast-food专门提供快餐服务的
介词＋名词downhill下坡的
（3）合成动词
构成方式例词
名词＋动词sleep-walk梦游
形容词＋动词white-wash粉刷
副词＋动词overthrow推翻
（4）合成副词
构成方式例词
形容词＋名词hotfoot匆忙地
形容词＋副词everywhere到处
副词＋副词however尽管如此
介词＋名词beforehand事先
介词＋副词forever永远
（5）合成代词
构成方式例词
代词宾格＋self herself她自己
物主代词＋self myself我自己
形容词＋名词anything任何东西
（6）合成介词
构成方式例词
副词＋名词inside在……里面
介词＋副词within在……之内
副词＋介词into进入
4.截短法(缩略法)
截短法，即将单词缩写，词义和词性保持不变，主要有截头、去尾、截头去尾等形式。
1)截头
telephone→phone aeroplane→plane omnibus→bus
2)去尾
mathematics→maths co-operate→co-op examination→exam
kilogram→kilo laboratory→lab taxicab→taxi
3)截头去尾
influenza→flu refrigerator→fridge prescription→script
5.混合法(混成法)
混合法，即将两个词混合或各取一部分紧缩而成一个新词。后半部分表示主体；前半部分表示属性。
news broadcast→newscast新闻广播television broadcast→telecast电视播送smoke and fog→smog烟雾helicopter airport→heliport直升飞机场
6.首尾字母缩略法
首尾字母缩略法，即用单词首尾字母组成一个新词。读音主要有两种形式，即各字母分别读音；
作为一个单词读音。
very important person→VIP (读字母音)要人；大人物
television→TV (读字母音)电视
Testing of English as a Foreign Language→TOEFL托福
练习
1.That man was ________enough not to tell the manager that he would not do the job.
A.care
B.careful
C.careless
D.carelessness
2.The soldier died for saving the child，so his________ is heavier than Mount Tai.
A.die
B.dead
C.died
D.death
3.The child looked ________at his brother who was badly wounded.
A.sadly
B.sadness
C.sadly
D.sad
4.He is an expert at chemistry.We all call him a ________.
A.chemistry
B.chemical
C.chemist
D.physician
5.The three- ________chair isn’t su itable for a young child.He may fall off.
A.legging
B.legged
C.legs
D.leged
6.Stephenson became the________railway engineer in the world.
A.lead
B.leader
C.leading
D.leadership
7.When the teacher praised him for working out the maths problem，Jack looked________about at his classmates.
A.proud
B.proudly
C.pride
D.pridely
8.To everyone’s ________，the girl finished the job quite well.
A.satisfied
B.satisfactory
C.satisfying
D.satisfaction
9.—What are you doing here?
—Oh，my teacher asked me to write a passage about ________in English.
—You can write________passage in English?
A.600 words；a 600-words
B.600-word；a 600-words
C.600 words；a 600-word
D.600 words；a 600-words
10.No one should enter the spot without the________of the police.
A.permit
B.permission
C.permitting
D.permittence
11.You must come with us to the police ________.Our head is waiting for you.
A.headquarters
B.headline
C.headmaster
D.headache
12.Letting that animal escape was no accident；you did it ________.
A.intend
B.intention
C.intentionally
D.intentional
13.The shop owner welcomed all the guests with a________smile.
A.pract
B.practise
C.practical
D.practiced
14.The________ordered him to pay a $100 fine.
A.judger
B.judgment
C.judge
D.judgement
15.My TV is out of order.Can you tell me what is the________news about Iraq War?
https://www.sodocs.net/doc/4f13747462.html,tely
https://www.sodocs.net/doc/4f13747462.html,test
https://www.sodocs.net/doc/4f13747462.html,ter
https://www.sodocs.net/doc/4f13747462.html,tter
16.The Great Wall is more than 6000 li in ________.
A.longer
B.length
C.long
D.longing
17.To my ________，I passed the exam easily.
A.joy
B.joyful
C.joyless
D.joyness
18.Canada is mainly an________country.
A.English-speaking
B.speak-English
C.spoken-English
D.English-spoken
19.How________ he is! He is always acting________.He is really a ________.
A.foolish；foolishly；fool
B.fool；foolish；fool
C.foolish；fool；fool
D.foolishly；foolish；fool
20.The necklace that she lost is very expensive.It’s of great ________.
A.valuable
B.value c.lueless D.unvaluable
21.There were________fish in the river in South America.
A.in danger
B.danger c.dangerous D.dangerless
22.The letter “b” in the word “doubt” is________.
A.sound
B.silent
C.silence
D.sounded
23.The child looked at me________.
A.stranger
B.strangely
C.strange
D.strangeless
24.The black people were against slavery and fought for their________bravely.
A.free
B.freely
C.freedom
D.frees
25.What you said sounded________ but in fact it was untrue.
A.reasonable
B.reasonful
C.reasonless
D.unreason
26.We have to learn________technology from other countries.
A.advance
B.advancing
C.advantage
D.advanced
27.The children live in a village ________.They come here almost every day.
A.nearby
B.near
C.nearly
D.near by
28.Mr Black is an ________in the army，not an________in the government.You can not easily find him in his________.
A.official；officer；office
B.officer；office；official
C.official；official；official
D.officer；official；office
29.You’d better give up smoking if you want to keep ________.
A.health
B.healthy
C.healthily
D.healthier
30.________ speaking，I didn’t do it on purpose.
A.Honestly
B.Honest
C.Honesty
D.Dishonest
31.It sounds like a good plan，but there are some________difficulties in carrying it out.
A.practiced
B.practical
C.practice
D.practicing
32.His father possesses a________factory，which does most of the pollution to this river.
A.paper-make
B.paper-making
C.papers-made
D.paper-made
33.Marx left his homeland for some________reasons.
A.politically
B.politics
C.political
D.politician
34.It’s________to persuade him to give up smoking.He’s very stubborn.
A.possible
B.possibly
C.impossible
D.impossibility
35.Dan caught two________birds in the wood last week and they are still________in the cage.
A.alive；live
B.live；live
C.live；alive
D.alive；alive
36.The doctor said that the old man’s condition was________and that they had tried their best.
A.hope
B.hoped
C.hopeful
D.hopeless
37.Ann felt so________that she could hardly open her eyes.
A.sleepy
B.asleep
C.sleep
D.sleeping
38.We stood there________at the________sight.
A.frightened；frightful
B.frightening；frightful
C.fright；frightening
D.frightful；fright
39.The doctor’s advice________him from drinking and smoking.
A.encouraged
B.couraged
C.encouragement
D.discouraged
40.I’d like to buy a house，modern，comfortable and above all in a quiet ________.
A.neighbour
B.neighbourhood
C.neighbours
D.neighb our’s
Ⅱ.改错练习(每小题有一个构词法错误，请找出并更正)
1.The Milu deer are living in the wild in a natural park.
2.This blouse is fit for him at all.It’s too long and the color has run.
3.The possibly that the majority of the labor force will work at home is often discussed.
4.We must strength government of the people，by the people and for the people.
5.The sperm whale can dive to a deep of more than 1000 meters in the sea.
6.He is a very famous actress.He has played many important parts in different films.
7.Personal，I’d rather stay at home watching TV.
8.Because of her ill，she can’t go out for the sight-seeing.
9.Thank you for your describe of the conditions here.
10.It’s really dust in this room.It’s a long time since someone last lived in it.
11.We all don’t know how dark ha ppens.
12.He opened the envelope，folded the letter and began to read it.
13.She offered us lots of value information，which played an important part in catching the thief.
14.We wish you a pleasure journey back home.
15.The captain made an apologize to the passengers for the delay caused by bad weather.
16.I wish that you could interview these journals who come.
17.Coral is not a plant but a various of animal life.
18.In my opinion，Harry is the most suitful person for the job.
19.The food was good but the serve was poor.
20.This meeting is of great important to all of us.
21.There comes a large collection of soldiers in the distant.
22.When he got to the destination，he was quite out of breathe.
23.Traditionally(传统上) speaking，Russia is a Europe country.
24.“Actual”means “in fact”，and we can also use “as a matter of fact”.
25.It is possible to persuade Adam to give up that decide.
26.The doctor said that the patience was comfortable after the operation.
27.Some people say that this new discover might change the whole society completely.
28.The Chinese government treasure the friendly between the people of two countries and we are waiting for a peaceful settlement of this matter.
29.She was afraid of high and dared not jump out of the plane.
30.Her mother died of hungry after the flood.
31.I bet you are mistake this time.
32.The man said that he was merely a pass-by and that he didn’t watch the accident.
33.—Do you follow me?
—Yes，perfect.
34.Personal possess of guns causes lots of troubles in the USA.
35.The greatest wealthy is being content with a little.
36.I believe our dream that humans will travel to and from the moon will come truth one day.
37.Fail is the mother of success.
38.Every year millions of visiters come to visit the dams.
39.The Chinese people are building socialist and have achievedgreat progress.
40.People all went up to offer their congratulate on their winning the key match.
高考能力测试步步高英语基础训练19答案
基础训练19构词法
Ⅰ.单项填空
1~5 BDACB 6~10 CBDCB
11~15 ACDCB 16~20 BAAAB
21~25 CBBCA 26~30 DADBA
31~35 BBCCC 36~40 DAADB
【解析】
6.leading 主要的，领头的。
9.这类合成词用作前置定语时必须用连字符连接，而且不能有复数。
10.permit的名词是permission。
11.headquarters 总部。
12.intentionally是intend的副词形式，“故意地”。
13.practiced在这里作“熟练的”解。
14.judge在这里作“法官”解。
20.be of great value“很有价值”。
22.silent“不出声的”“沉默的”。
24.freedom“自由”，名词。
30.honestly speaking，“老实说”。
36.hopeless，“没有希望的,绝望的,不可救药”。
38.frightened意为“感到害怕的”，frightful“可怕的”，frightening“令人害怕的”。
40.neighbour表“邻居”，neighbourhood 表“周围环境”。
Ⅱ.改错练习
1.natural→nature
2.fit→unfit
3.possibly→possibility
4.strength→strengthen
5.deep→depth
6.actress→actor
7.Personal→Personally
8.ill→illness
9.describe→description10.dust→dusty 11.dark→darkness12.fold→unfolded 13.value→valuable14.pleasure→pleasant15.apoligize→apology16.journals→journalists17.various→variety18.suitful→suitable19.serve→service 20.important→importance21.distant→distance22.breathe→breath23.Europe→European 24.Actual→Actually25.decide→decision26.patience→patient27.discover→discovery 28.friendly→friendship29.high→height30.hungry→hunger31.mistake→mistaken32.pass-by→passer-by33.perfect→perfectly34.possess→possession35.wealthy→wealth36.truth→true 37.Fail→Failure38.visiters→visitors
39.socialist→socialism40.congratulate→congratulations
构词法专项复习练习答案
构词法专项复习练习答案 一、根据要求写单词： 1．写出下列单词的形容词： 二、连线成词： un come key wide tri agree side out dis ordinary net board en build news ware extra friendly tax paper sub legal shop work il cycle web site in rich note keeper mis way through road non work hard payer re understand team work over smoker nation book 三、翻译下列句子（用上所提供的词的正确形式）： 1．整个赛季他平均每场比赛得五十多分。（average） He averaged over 50 points a game for an entire season.
2． 她通过了驾驶考试并取得了驾驶执照。（permit ） She has passed the driving test and got a driving permit. 3． 洪水使成千上万人无家可归。（home ） The flood made thousands of people homeless. 4． 这小孩眼巴巴地看着巧克力蛋糕。（eye ） The child was eyeing the chocolate cake. 5． 他梦想为NBA 效劳。（dream ） He dreamed of playing for the NBA. It ’s your mouth! When you get down to the interview, try and speak clearly. Don ’t show a bad impression. If the interviewer asks you a difficult question ., ‘Can you use a fax machine ’), give an （., ‘No, I ’m afraid not, but I can soon learn.’）.Besides, your gestures and your body language say a lot. For example, smiling gives a much more positive impression than Remember, most companies are looking who dress well and prefer people who will work well with all their colleagues in the office
最新初中英语常用构词法归纳
英语专题讲座（一） 词汇的分类和构词法 一、复习要点阐述 我们学习的语言的每一篇文章都是由句子构成的。每一个句子都是由或多或少的词构成的。单词是语言构成的最基础内容，教英语的老师通常会说“一个学生记住的词汇是与他的英语成绩成正比。”这句话说明了一件事，就是词汇量的重要性。就像我们自己的国语中文，一个孩子从小到大，在日常生活中记住了大量的词汇，所以运用起来很自如。如何能记好英语的单词及其他们的用法，了解英语的词类和构词法对于一个考生来说是很重要的。所以在今天的专题中，我们将复习英语的词类和初中阶段我们所要掌握的几种构词法，使同学们对英语的词类及其简单的用法有一定的了解，并能正确的使用词汇。 二、要点复习的策略及技巧 （一）英语的词类 英语中的词类根据其语法功能分为名词、冠词、代词、数词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词、动词十类。根据意义又可以分为实词和虚词。实词指具有实际意义并能单独作句子成分的词。这些词是名词、数词、代词、形容词、副词和动词六类。虚词指没有实际意义或实际意义不明显、不能在句子中单独作句子成分的词。这些词是冠词、介词、连词和感叹词四类。 下面我们就词汇的分类、名称、作用及例词列表。
从上面的表格中我们简要地讲解了英语十大词类的基本用法。同学们可以仔细的体会一下此表的内容。这将有助于你们对句子和文章的理解。 （二）构词法 语言的基本要素之一是词汇。在语言发展的最初阶段，人们使用的是少量而简单的词汇，这些词汇只表示日常简单的事物和概念，构成语言最基本的词，称为原生词，也叫基本词或词根词。英语里的原生词大都是单音节的。如：sun, man, head, foot, fish, see, run等，其数量是有限的。随着社会的发展与进步，语言的扩充与融合使语言变得复杂，原有的原生词已不够用，人们便创造了一些新词来表示新有的事物与概念，按照语言一定的规律创造新词的方法，就是我们所说的构词法。在初中阶段我们学习了下列构词法，了解了这些构词法，我们对词的用法就更方便一些。 1. 合成法 合成法至今保持着旺盛的生命力，在现代英语中不少新词都是借助原有的词合成的。 1)名词+名词→名词 basket(篮子)+ball(球)→basketball篮球book (书) +shop(商店) → bookshop书店 book(书) + store(商店) → bookstore书店house(房子) +work(劳动) → housework家务劳动 home(家庭) + work(工作) → homework家庭作业 2) 形容词+名词→名词 black(黑色的)+board(木板)→ blackboard黑板English(英国的)+man(人)→ Englishman英国人 loud(大声的)+speaker(说话者) → loudspeaker扬声器 3)动词的-ing形式＋名词
构词法练习题100道
派生词专项训练100题 1.I wrote him a letter to show my___(appreciate) of his thoughtfulness. 2.The first tomb was built at the___(begin) of the 15th century. 3.Painting is a ___(create) process. 4.For our homework tonight, we have to write a ___(describe) of the street where we live. 5.The ___ (discover) of gold on their land made the people rapidly rich. 6.I’d just like to ___ (emphasis) how important it is for people to learn foreign language. 7.My grandfather is as___(energy) as a young man and hates sitting around doing nothing at all. 8.The first lesson was very___(enjoy)---I like it a lot! 9.These discoveries proved the___(exist)of a human species who lived in the area between 700,000 and years ago. 10.A smile is the universal___(face) expression---it is intended to put people at ease. 11.Those who change mobile phones frequently will pay a heavy price for being___(fashion). 12.The committee is discussing the problem right now. It will___(hope) have been solved by the end of next week. 13.The accused man proved his___(innocent) of the crime. 14.The government’s new scheme is designed to help the___(job). 15.The days start to___(long) in March. 16.___(Luck), Peter didn’t get the job. 17.The old man had no child so he suffered a lot from___(lonely). 18.Stop you ___(mean) chatter, boys. You are wasting time. 19.How lucky he was! He won the lottery and now he is a ___(million). 20.They had the ___(fortune) to be hit by a violent storm. 21.He lives in a ___(mountain) district, where traffic is extremely inconvenient. 22.I am so full that I couldn’t eat another ___(mouth). 23.We must pay special attention to the___(mystery) stranger. 24.Try to act___(nature), even if you are tense. 25.Public spending___(necessary) affects the economy. 26.After the race, I felt my heart beating___(violence). 27.The baby was sleeping___(peace). 28.He showed us ___(person) around the factory. 29.It gives me great___(pleasure) to welcome our speaker. 30.___(polite) costs nothing and gains everything. 31.The___(popular) of professional sports has been increasing
现代汉语中的造词法和构词法
现代汉语中的造词法和构词法。 一、造词和造词法 （一）造词概说 1.造词 所谓造词就是指创制新词，是解决一个词从无到有的问题。 2.人们的造词活动 人们的造词活动就是人们为新事物、新现象命名的行为（不限人、地）。 （二）造词法 1.含义：创制新词的方法。 2.汉语的造词法： （1）音义任意结合法——就是用某种声音形式任意为某种事物命名的方法（现已少用，多是单纯词）；如：手、足、蜻蜓 （2）摹声法 ①摹仿自然界事物发出的声音来造词。 a.根据事物发出的声音给事物命名；如：猫、布谷 b.根据事物发出的声音创制新词，以描写该事物的性状的；如：嗯、哎呀、哗哗、轰隆隆 ②摹仿外语词的声音来造词（一般称为音译词）；如：咖啡（coffee）、沙发（sofa） （3）音变法——通过语音变化的方式产生新词。
①儿化韵造词；如：盖--盖儿尖--尖儿 ②改变读音造词；如：好（三声）--好（四声） （4）说明法——通过对事物加以说明从而产生新词的造词方法。 ①情状；如：国营、胆怯 ②性质特征；如：方桌、石碑、丁字尺 ③用途；如：雨衣、牙刷、洗衣粉、书桌 ④领属；如：树叶、羊毛、鞋带 ⑤颜色；如：红旗、绿豆、白云 ⑥数量；如：三秋、六书、八卦 ⑦通过注释的方法进行说明。 a.用所属物类注释说明；如：菊花、芹菜、吉普车 b.用单位名称注释说明；如:人口、马匹 c.用事物情状进行注释说明；如：静悄悄、恶狠狠、光秃秃 ⑧运用语言中习用的虚化成分，对原有词的意义做某些改变以说明事物。如：聋子、甜头、黑乎乎 （5）比拟法——用现有材料，通过比拟、比喻等手段创制新词的方法。 ①整个词就是一个完整的比喻，属于借喻，不出现本体，只出现喻体。如：鸡眼、猫眼 ②新词的一部分是比喻成分；如：雪花、瓜分、木马、刀子嘴
英语构词法讲解及专项练习
构词法Word Formation 在英语中，词的构成方式主要有三种：合成、转化和派生。 一、合成Compounding 两个或更多的词合成一个词。 方式：1. 直接写在一起。 2. 用连字符(-)连接。 3. 由两个分开的词构成。 ; (4)合成副词however, maybe, wherever, whenever, forever (5)合成代词whoever,, whatever, everyone, nobody, myself, something, anything, 二、派生Derivation 前缀
注意：-ese, -ian, -ist 既可以构成名词，又可以构成形容词。
； 三、转化Conversion: 指一个词不变化词形，而由一种此类转化为另一种词类或几种词类。 1. 名词和动词之间的转化 telephone电话——打电话, mirror镜子——像镜子一样反映, drink喝——饮料, record录音——记录, name, date, hand, study, 2. 形容词转化为动词perfect完美的——使完善 3.名词转化为形容词(副词) front前面——前面的 4.形容词转化为名词chief 主要的——首领 语法填空之构词法专项练习 1. The soldier died for saving the child，so his________（die）is heavier than Mount Tai. 2. The Great Wall is more than 6000 li in ________(long). 3. How________ (fool) he is! black people were against slavery and fought for their ________(free) bravely. 5. What you said sounded________(reason) but in fact it was untrue. thing you should do is to _____(large) your vocabulary. (honest)speaking，I didn’t do it on purpose. 8.Tianjin and Guangzhou were also found to be safe from_____ (legal) drugs. 9. As he tried to read a map, he drove off the road into a river ______ (luck) 10. Thunder and lightning happen ______________ (simultaneous).
(完整版)英语构词法详解及练习
高中英语构词法讲解与练习 一.类别 英语构词法主要有：合成法，转化法，派生法，混成法，截短法和词首字母缩略法。 二.定义与精讲 1.转化法 英语中，有的名词可作动词，有的形容词可作副词或动词，这种把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫作转化法。 1)动词转化为名词 ①很多动词可以转化为名词，大多数情况下，意思没有多大的变化，如： Let's go out for a walk.我们到外面去散散步吧。 ②有时意思有一定变化，如： He is a man of strong build.他是一个体格健壮的汉子。 ③有的与一个动词和不定冠词构成短语，表示一个动作，如： Let's have a swim.咱们游泳吧。 2)名词转化为动词 ①很多表示物件，如 Did you book a seat on the plane? 你订好飞机座位了吗? ②身体部位，如：
Please hand me the book.请把那本书递给我。 ③某类人的名词可以用作动词来表示动作，如： She nursed her husband back to health.她看护丈夫，使他恢复了健康。 ④某些抽象名词也可作动词。如： We lunched together.我们在一起吃了午餐。 3)形容词转化为动词 有少数形容词可以转化为动词。如： We will try our best to better our living conditions.我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。 4)副词转化为动词 有少数副词可以转化为动词。例如： Murder will out.(谚语)恶事终必将败露。 5)形容词转化为名词 ①表示颜色的形容词常可转化为名词，如： You should be dressed in black at the funeral.你在葬礼中该穿黑色衣服 ②某些形容词如old, young, poor, rich, wounded, injured等与the连用，表示一类人，作主语时，谓语用复数如下，如： The old in our village are living a happy life.我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。 2.派生法
构词法练习答案
构词法练习答案： 各位，前面的构词法小练1---40题我是前几年自己做的答案找不到了。大家自己做了相互对一下吧。第二部分有答案还有我当时自己对应补充的一些词汇保存下来了。都附在后面你们对应着看吧，也许有个别题中间有删减了对不上的请见谅哦。 构词法练习1（易）自查答案： 1. appreciation 2. beginning 3. creative 4. description 5.discovery 6. emphasize 7. energetic 8. enjoyable 9. existence 10. facial 11. fashionable 12. hopefully 13. innocence 14. jobless 15. lengthen 16. unluckily 17. loneliness 18. meaningless 19. millionaire 20. misfortune 21. mountainous 22. mouthful 23. mysterious 24. naturally 25. necessarily 26. violently 27. peacefully 28. personally 29. pleasure 30. Politeness 31. popularity 32. professional 33. qualification 34. quantities 35. racial 36. unreasonable 37. religious38. saying 39. scholarship 40. scientific 41. similarity 42. sleepless 43. speechless 44. starvation 45. strengthen 46. successfully 47. tasteless 48. truly 49. unconscious 50. unbelievable 51. universal 52. variety 53. arrival 54. reliable 55. percentage 56. attractive / happiness 57. applications 58. enables /friendship 59. separation60. security 61. valuable 62.Traditionally / celebrations 63. popularity 64. objection / ability 65. wisdom 66. behaviour 67. convenient 68.closely 69.dislike 70.decisions71.equality72. gently 73. hopeless 构词法易补充词汇： 2.beginner 3.creation; creativity 8.enjoyment 12. hopeless 13.lucky 20.unfortunately 25.necessity 26.personality 27. pleasant 28.impolite 29.professor 30.qualifiable; qualified 35. racialism, racialist 37. religion 42. sleepy; asleep 47. tasty 50. unbelievable, belief 52. various 56. attraction 57. applicant; applicative, appliance 58.friendly, friendliness, friendless 61. invaluable, priceless, valueless, worthless 65. wiser 67. inconvenient 68. closed 69. unlike 71. equalize, equalization 72. gentleness https://www.sodocs.net/doc/4f13747462.html,rmed 76. imaginative
构词法 知识讲解
构词法 编稿：张桂琴审稿：梁晓 概念引入： Let's go out for a walk .我们到外面去散散步吧。 Did you book a seat on the plane? 你订好飞机座位了吗? We will try our best to better our living conditions. 我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。The old in our village are living a happy life. 我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。 语法讲解： 英语构词法种类 英语构词法主要有：合成法，转化法，派生法，混成法，截短法和词首字母缩略法。定义与精讲 １. 合成: 有两个或更多的词合成一个词。 复合名词 class + room = classroom (名词+名词) black+ board= blackboard (形容词+名词) 复合形容词 warm + heart + ed = warmhearted 热心肠的 good + looking = good-looking 相貌好看的 world +wide= worldwide世界性的 hard+ working=hard-working 努力工作的 复合动词 over + come = overcome克服(副词+动词) 复合数词 fifty+ four= fifty-four 复合代词 everyone,somebody, anything, nobody ( 不定代词+名词) 复合副词 down+ stairs = downstairs在楼下( 形容词+名词) whole+ heartedly =wholeheartedly 全神贯注地(副词+副词) 2. 派生: 是通过在词根上加前缀或者后缀构成一个新词。 happy --- unhappy develop --- development 前缀: 一般只引起意思上的变化而不造成词类的变化，只有少数能引起词类的变化。 mis- 错误的+ understand v. 理解 --- misunderstand v. 误解 en + large adj. 大的--- enlarge v. 扩大 后缀: 一般只引起词性上的变化而不造成意思的变化。 care v. 照料 --- careful adj. 细心的 work v. 工作
构词法练习及其答案(可编辑修改word版)
高考能力测试构词法 Word Formation 一．合成 Compounding 两个或更多的词合成一个词。 方式：1. 直接写在一起。 2. 用连字符(-)连接。 3. 由两个分开的词构成。 合成动词 二、派生 Derivation (5)合 成 代 词 whoever,, whatever, everyone, nobody, myself, something, anything, （ 6） 合 成 介 词 inside
三、转化Conversion: 指一个词不变化词形，而由一种此类 转化为另一种词类或几种词类。 1.名词和动词之间的转化telephone电话—打电话, mirror 镜 子—像镜子一样反映, drink 喝—饮料, record 录音—记录, name, date, hand, study, 2.形容词转化为动词perfect 完美的——使完善 3.名词转化为形容词(副词) front 前面——前面的 4.形容词转化为名词chief 主要的——首领 训练要旨：构词法是英语学习的一个重点，也是近年来常考的项目。特别是在词语辨析的综合运用中，对词汇掌握的要求越来越高。检测构词法，在阅读理解中，已不把这种词汇看作生词，而是把这类词的理解看作学生通过对构词法知识的学习，应该具备的一种能力。如有的生词，只要其词根是学生们该掌握的或熟悉的,只是加上了前缀或后缀，再者或是合成词等，命题人就认为不必再注出汉语注释。 1.That man was enough not to tell the manager that he would not do the job.A.care B. careful C. careless Dcarelessness 2.The soldier died for saving the child，so his is heavier than Mount Tai. A. die B. dead C. died D. death 3.The child looked at his brother who was badly wounded. A. sadly B. sadness C. sadly D. sad 4.H e is an expert at chemistry. We all call him a . A. chemistry B. chemical C. chemis D. physician 5.T he three- chair isn’t suitable for a young child. He may fall off. A. legging B .legged C. legs D.leged 6.Stephenson became the railway engineer in the world. A. lead B. leader C. leading D. leadership 7.When the teacher praised him for working out the maths problem，Jack looked about at his classmates. A.proud B.proudly C.pride D. pridely 8.To everyone’s , the girl finished the job quite well. A.satisfied B.satisfactory C.satisfying D.satisfaction 9.—What are you doing here? —Oh，my teacher asked me to write a passage about in English. —You can write _passage in English? A.600 words；a 600-words B.600-word；a 600-words C.600 words；a 600-word D.600 words；a 600-words 10.No one should enter the spot without the of the police. A.permit B.permission C.permitting D.permittence 11You must come with us to the police .Our head is waiting for you.A.headquarters B.headline C.headmaster D.headache 12.Letting that animal escape was no accident；you did it .A.intend B.intention C.intentionally D.intentional 13.The shop owner welcomed all the guests with a smile. A.practice B.practise C.practical D.practiced 14.The ordered him to pay a $100 fine. A.judger B.judgment C.judge D.judgement 15.My TV is out of order.Can you tell me what is the news about Iraq War? https://www.sodocs.net/doc/4f13747462.html,tely https://www.sodocs.net/doc/4f13747462.html,test https://www.sodocs.net/doc/4f13747462.html,ter https://www.sodocs.net/doc/4f13747462.html,tter 16.The Great Wall is more than 6000 li in . A.longer B.length C.long D.longing 17.To my ，I passed the exam easily. A.joy B.joyful C.joyless D.joyness 18.Canada is mainly an country. A.English-speaking B.speak-English C.spoken-English D.English-spoken 19.How he is! He is always acting .He is really a . A.foolish；foolishly；fool B.fool；foolish；fool C.foolish；fool；fool D.foolishly；foolish；fool
构词法详细讲解
造词法和构词法 ? 教学目的和要求： ? 1.了解造词法和构词法的区别； ? 2.认识造词法的基本原理，熟悉造词法的种类和词的结构类型； ? 3.能够熟练地对词进行造词法分析和构词法分析； ? 4.了解构词法和构形法的区别。 教学重点和难点: 重点：造词法的类型、构词法的类型 难点： ? 构词法和造词法的区别 ? 造词法辨析和构词法辨析 ? 构词法和构形法的区别 ? 一、关于构词法与造词法 ? 二、造词法 ? 三、构词法 ? 四、构形法 一、关于构词法与造词法 ? 构词是指词的内部结构问题，它的研究对象是已经存在（创造出来）的词。构词法指的是词的内部结 构规律的情况，也就是语素组合成词的方式和方法。 ? 造词就是指创造新词，它是解决一个词从无到有的问题。造词法就是创造新词的方法。 ? 构词法，是指构词的法则，也即词的构成方式，是从静态的角度，对现有词内部语素间的结构关系进 行考察分析的结果。 ? 造词法，指的是创造新词的方法，是从动态的角度，对词的来源的一种发生学研究。 有些词，如果不了解其造词方法，对于其构词法的分析也会造成偏误，如： 瓜分：像切瓜一样地分割或分配。 造词法：比喻式 鲸吞：像鲸鱼一样地吞食。 构词法：偏正式 （一）什么是造词法 造词就是创造新词，也就是给事物现象命名。造词法就是创造新词的方法。 造词法的研究包括两个方面的内容： 一是用什么语言材料造词，用来造词的语言材料主要是语素，也可以是音节。 骄阳、阳光 （骄、阳、光：语素） 玻璃（玻、璃：音节） 二是用什么方法造词。 国内学者从不同的角度，依据不同的方法，对汉语造词法进行了大量的研究，提出了不同的主张。 ? 孙常叙《汉语词汇》（1956.12） ? 任学良《汉语造词法》（1981） ? 武占坤、王勤《现代汉语词汇概要》（1983.7） ? 刘叔新《汉语描写词汇学》（1990.11） ? 葛本仪《现代汉语词汇学》（2001.4） 孙常叙《汉语词汇》（1956.12） 1.语音造词方法——象声造词 2.语义造词方法——变义造词（引申变义、转化变义）和比拟造词 雪花、汗珠 造词法：修辞法（比喻式） 构词法：补充式
大英语构词法详细讲解
英语构词通常包括六种方法：转化法、派生法、合成法、混合法、截短法和首尾字母结合法。 一、【派生法】 英语构词法中在词根前面加前缀或在词根后面加后缀，从而构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词的方法叫作派生法。 1.前缀 除少数英语前缀外，前缀一般改变单词的意义，不改变词性；英语后缀一般改变词类，而不引起词义的变化。 (1)表示否定意义的前缀常用的有dis-, il-, im-, in-, ir-, mis-, non-, un-等，在单词的前面加这类前缀常构成与该词意义相反的新词。例如： agree同意→disagree不同意 fair公平的→unfair不公平的 possible可能的→impossible不可能的 understand理解→misunderstand误解 (2)表示其他意义的前缀常用的有a-(多构成表语形容词), anti- (反对；抵抗), auto- (自动), co- (共同), en- (使), inter- (互相), re- (再；又), sub- (下面的；次；小), tele- (强调距离)等。例如： co-worker 同事，帮手 enlarge 使变大 cooperate 合作 rewrite 重写 subway 地铁 2.后缀 给单词加后缀也是英语构词的一种重要方法。后缀通常会改变单词的词性，构成意义相近的其他词性；少数后缀还会改变词义，变为与原来词义相反的新词。下面仅作简单介绍。
(1)构成名词的后缀常用的有-ence，-(e)r/ -or (从事某事的人),-ese (某地人)，-ess (雌性)，-ian (精通……的人)，-ist (专业人员)，-ment (性质；状态)，-ness (性质；状态)，-tion(动作；过程)等。例如： differ不同于→difference区别 write写→writer作家 China中国→Chinese中国人 act表演→actress女演员 music音乐→musician音乐家 (2)构成动词的后缀常用的有-(e)n (多用于形容词之后)，-fy (使……化)，-ize (使……成为)。例如： wide→widen加宽 beauty→beautify美化 pure→purify提纯 real→realize意识到 organ→organize组织 sharp→sharpen使变锋利 (3)构成形容词的后缀常用的有-al，-able (有能力的)，-(a)n(某国人的)，-en (多用于表示材料的名词后)，-ern (方向的)，-ese(某国人的)，-ful，-(ic)al，-ish，-ive，-less (表示否定)，-like (像……的)，-ly，-ous，-some，-y (表示天气)等。例如： nature自然→natural自然的 reason道理→reasonable有道理的 America美国→American美国的 China中国→Chinese中国人的 gold金子→golden金的 east东→eastern东方的 child孩子→childish孩子气的 snow雪→snowy雪的
一轮复习高中英语基本构词法及练习题
英语构词法中的派生法 派生法：在词根加前缀或在词根后面加后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫作派生法。 一、前缀前缀一般改变单词的意义，不改变词性（除少数前缀外）； 后缀一般改变词类，而不引起词义的变化。 (1) 表示否定意义的前缀常用的有： dis-, il-, im-, in-, ir-, mis-, non-, un- 。 disable disadvantage disagree disappear disapprove disclose discolour disconnect discontinuous discontinue discount discourage disorder illegal impossible inaccurate inactive inadaptable inapplicable inconstant inconvenient incredible incurable independent ineffective informal invisible irregular irremovable irrespective irresponsible misfortune misguide midinterpret mislead misread mistrust misunderstand misuse nonmetal noncooperation noninvolvement unable unacceptable unaware unbalance unbreakable uncertain unchangeable uncomfortable undecided unemployed undetermined undeveloped unearth uneconomical unfold unpack untie (2) 表示其他意义的前缀常用的有： a.前缀anti anti-fascist anti-gas anti-imperialist anti-Japanese War b.前缀auto autobiography autography c.前缀bi- bicentury bilingual
第二讲现代汉语的构词法和构形法
第三讲现代汉语的构词法和构形法 一．词的构成单位——语素 1．语素的含义 语素，也叫词素，如前所述，一般定义为语言中最小的音义结合体，是构词的材料。有的学者将语素和词素分别解说，认为应该严格区分语素同词素。如刘叔新先生就指出：“词素应就词的构造成素、即一个词能够划分出的小于词的构成单位而言。它是词或词干的直接组成成分。语素的含义则广阔得多；指的是语言中一切最小的（本身不能再分成两个的）音义结合单位，包括最简单的、不能划分出不同构造成分来的词……、词内可以划分出的最小音义结合单位……，以及句子结构中有一定语气和音调形式的句调和有一定关系意义的特定词序……。因此，语素包括了词素，但是很多语素却并非词素。”“一个词，要是本身不能划分出不同的构造成分来，是个最小的音义结合单位，那么它当然是个语素，却不能说是个词素——那样说在逻辑上或公理上显然通不过去。词素是比词小的、构造词或词干的直接成分，一个词不能够同时说它是词素。所谓‘单词素词’的说法，当然也很不合逻辑。”1刘先生这里所说的“语素”和“词素”的内涵同目前学界通用的“语（词）素”的内涵有所不同：被刘先生重新定义了的“语素”不仅函概所有的音义结合体，还包括句调和词序；而同样被重新定义了的“词素”仅指“一个词能够划分出的小于词的构成单位”2。这样界定“语素”、“词素”作为一种探索未尝不可，但却不能就依此指责学界“语素”、“词素”不分，同样也不能依此断言“单词（语）素词”的说法是“很不合逻辑”的，因为所用术语的内涵有所不同。我们倒觉得，把“走”、“读”、“回”、“家”叫做“单语（词）素词”没有什么不好；而若按刘先生的意见管它们叫做“语素”，管“走读”、“回家”中的“走”、“读”、“回”、“家”叫做“词素”，反而会纠缠不清，徒增麻烦。何况在语言学中，处于构成关系中的上下级语言单位发生重合的现象又哪里仅体现在词的层面，都知道句子是由词构成的，句子和词为上下级语言单位，可不是照样有大量的“独词句”3存在吗？我们是否也应赋予这些能独立构成句子的词以一个“词”以外的名称呢？ 2．语素的确认 由于汉语中，语素、音节以及记录语素、音节的汉字往往一致，但也有不一致的时候，所以，碰到一个汉字或一个音节的时候，是语素还是语素的构成部分，是需要作一下鉴别的，这便是语素的确认问题。 关于语素的确认，以往一般采用的是所谓的“替换法”。关于“替换法”，黄伯荣、廖序东《现代汉语》（增订二版）（上册）有一段颇有代表性的说明，兹录如下：确定语素可以采用替换法，用已知语素替代有待确定是否语素的语言单位。“蜡烛”中的“蜡”和“烛”可以为别的已知语素所替代。……可见“蜡”和“烛”各是一个语素。须注意的是两种替代缺一不可。例如“蝴蝶”中的“蝴”，虽然可以为其他语素所替代，如“粉蝶、彩蝶”等，“蝶”却不能为别的已知语素所代替，即“蝴~”不能换填其他语素。因此“蝴蝶”只是一个语素。“蝶”在别的组合“粉蝶、彩蝶”中仍是一个语素。采用替代法还要注 1刘叔心《汉语描写词汇学》第64~65页，商务印书馆，1990。 2这种观点可能源之于吕叔湘先生。吕先生曾指出：“语素可以定义为‘最小的语音语义结合体’。也可以拿‘词素’做最小的单位，只包括不能单独成为词的语素。”见吕叔湘《汉语语法分析问题》第15页，商务印书馆，1979。 3这里所说的“独词句”同语法学中所说的“独词句”有所不同：语法学中所说的“独词句”指的是非主谓句中“无主句”以外的各种句子，有的由偏正词组等构成，有的由一个词构成；而这里所说的“独词句”仅指由一个词构成的句子。
初中英语构词法练习题
初中英语构词法练习题 1.That man was________enough not to tell the manager that he would not do the job. A.care B.careful C.careless D.carelessness 2.The soldier died for saving the child，so his________ is heavier than Mount Tai. A.die B.dead C.died D.death 3.The child looked________at his brother who was badly wounded. A.sadly B.sadness C.sadly D.sad 4.He is an expert at chemistry.We all call him a ________. A.chemistry B.chemical C.chemist D.physician 5.The three- ________chair isn’t suitable for a young ch ild.He may fall off. A.legging B.legged C.legs D.leged 6.Stephenson became the________railway engineer in the world. A.lead B.leader C.leading D.leadership 7.When the teacher praised him for working out the maths problem，Jack looked________about at his classmates. A.proud B.proudly C.pride D.pridely 8.To everyone’s ________，the girl finished the job quite well. A.satisfied B.satisfactory C.satisfying D.satisfaction 9.—What are you doing here? —Oh，my teacher asked me to write a passage about ________in English. —You can write________passage in English? A.600 words；a 600-words B.600-word；a 600-words C.600 words；a 600-word D.600 words；a 600-words 10.No one should enter the spot without the________of the police. A.permit B.permission C.permitting D.permittence 11.You must come with us to the police ________.Our head is waiting for you. A.headquarters B.headline C.headmaster D.headache