不定式to do 的用法

语法（二）不定式to do的用法

一：动词不定式的意义和结构

1.不定式的语法意义：

（1）在句中做以下成分：主语，宾语，表语，补足语，定语，状语（2）一“无”一“有”：无人称和数的变化

有时态和语态的变化

（3）仍然保留动词的特点：to—vt+主语；to—vi（+状语）

2.结构：肯定式to do ；否定式 not\never to do

二：不定式的时态和语态变化

时态：与谓语动词相比，动词不定式的时间在谓语动词之前，同时之后进行。

1.一般式：动词不定式表达的动作发生在主句谓语动词之后或同时

发生。

2.完成式：动词不定式表达的动作发生在主句谓语动词之前。

eg：I’m sorry to have kept you waiting so long.

3．进行式：动词不定式表达的动作发生在主句谓语动词之前。

eg:They seem to be getting along quite well.

4.完成进行式：动词不定式表达的动作发生在主句谓语动词之前且进行.

语态：动词不定式与主句主语的关系

三．句子结构

（一）主语：1.不定式作主语，谓语动词用单数（非谓语动词 to do ，doing，done只有前两者可以作主语，done相当于形

容词）。

2.不定式作主语，常用it形式主语，把 to do 放于句

尾。

句式：（1）It is+ 形容词+for sb.to do sth.做某事对于某人来说是怎样的，此处为客观性质的形容词，如：hard，

difficult，easy等

（2）It is+形容词+of sb. to do sth.意思同上，此处为表示人得性格，本质特征，如：kind，friendly，selfish

等

Eg：1>It is hard for me to learn math .

2>It is kind of you to help me to study.

(3)It is +名词+to do 做某事是…

Eg:It is our duty to look after the old.

(4)It takes/took+主语+时间+to do.花费多长时间做某事Eg：It takes me five hours to finish the homework.

(三)宾语

1.直接to do 作宾语的动词（主语+vt+to

do）:want/plan/ask/agree/afford/arrange(安

排)/determine(决

定)/decide/expect/fail/hope/happen/manage(设

法)offer/object(反对)/promise(许

诺)/wait/refuse等

2.若to do 作宾语，且后边又跟宾语补足语时，此时用it作形式主

语，把to do 放在后面，即构成结构主语+vt+it+宾

语补足语+to do (think,consider,make,find,feel) （四）宾语补足语

1．Vt+O+to do 结构中的及物动词：ask/tell/advise/allow/beg/encourage/believe/co

nsider/declare(宣

称)/expect/forbid/imagine/intend/order/permit(

答应)/persuade(劝说)/prefer/prove(证

明)/remind/request 等等

2.可以接省略to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词

口诀：宾补省to十个半：一感（feel），二听（listen to，hear），三让（make,let,have）,四看看（watch，see，look，

observe）半个帮助两均可（help）若变被动to还原。（五）定语：to do 放在所修饰名词，代词短语之后

Eg:I have some questions to ask you .

(六)状语：to do 用来修饰动词/形容词/副词/整个句子，表达目的，

结果，原因，程度等。

Eg: 1>I’m glad to see you. 原因状语

2>I want to see you . 目的状语

五．省略to的情况

1.介词but/except之前（1）do+but/except+to省略+v

（2）v+but/except+to –v

2.动词不定式作表语时，若主语部分有do的相应形式，表语需要省

略to，主语（do）+be+to(省略)—v，多见于主语从

句中有do的情况。

Eg：All we can do is wait for the wind.

不定式用法详解

不定式用法详解 定义：在句子中充当除了谓语以外的各种句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。 非谓语动词有三种：不定式，动名词，分词。 注：非谓语动词具有时态和语态的变化，可以同否定词not连用，构成否定形式，可以带宾语，状语，补语。非谓语动词的名词，形容词，副词的特征；可用在句中做主语，宾语，补语，状语，和定语等。 —不定式（原形动词前加to, 构成动词不定式。不定式不做谓语，属于非谓语动词） 不定式的时态，语态 一般式：不定式所表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作或状态同时发生或几乎同时发生或存在。但多数情况下是在谓语动词所表示的动作之后发生。 e.g :They often watch us play football. (同时) She hopes to go there again. (之后发生) 完成式：不定式所表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词所表示动作或状态之前。 e.g : I’m glad to have seen your mother yesterday 注：1）用在intended, expected, meant, hoped. promised, wanted, planned. wished. thought, desired, was, were等后，表示过去没有实现的愿望，期待或计划的等，也用来表示先于谓语动词发生的动作或状态。 e.g: He wanted to have met (=had wanted to meet) you at the airport,but he didn’t get there in time. 他原想去机场接你（事情已经发生），但他没及时赶到那儿。（没接成） e.g: We planned to have done (had planned to do) good deeds for the poor people last month. 我们原计划上个月为贫困的人们作些好事。（没作成）。

不定式的特殊用法小结

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初中不定式todo的用法

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高中动词不定式用法讲解及练习电子教案

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