unit1howcanwebecomegoodlearners知识点整理
Unit 1 How can we become good lear ners
语法
一. 介词by 的用法
意为“通过”，其后常接名词或动词-ing 形式。用来表示“以、通过、用（某 种方法或手段）”而达到某种预期的目的，常用来回答how 引导的特殊疑问 句。by doing sth 意为“通过做某事”
—How does the boy improve his sp oke n En glish
—By talk ing with a foreig ner.
（1） — How do you lear n En glish so well
— chatt ing with my un cle in America on li ne.
A. By
B. With
C. In
（2） ___________________________________________ Jacks on studied Chin ese by tap es.
A. liste ning
B. to liste n
C. liste ning to
D. to liste ning to
+时间，意为“不迟于，在 ... 之前” I have to go to bed by ten o ' clock. +地点，意为“在 ...旁” Jim sat dow n by the win dow.
+交通工具，意为“乘 .. ” I go to school by bike.
5.由by 构成的固定短语：by the way 顺便说一下 by on eself 独自=al one
二. 现在完成时的用法
（一）用法：
1.表示过去发生的某一动作或状态对现在造成的影响或结果 .常用的标志词有 already （ “已经”，用于肯定句）,yet （ “还，已经”，用于否定句和疑问句）,ever
（“曾经”），never （“绝不，从不”）just （“冈j 冈『'），before （“以前”），once （“一次”），twice （“两次”）.
I have already eate n the dinner.
I have already see n the film.
(1) You don ' t need to describe her. I
A. meet
B. will meet
C. have met (2) — Hi, are you heading( 向 ....... 行进)now
— all our money,so we have to walk home now.
（说明我现在饱了）。 her several times.
A. spend C. have spent spending
（3）Have you ever see n him
A. ago
B. two days ago
C. before
D. just now
2.表示过去发生的某一动作或状态，一直持续到现在。经常与时间状语
fo 叶
时间段,since+ 时间点或一般过去时从句 ，女口： for five minutes （5 分钟） since 1985 （自从 1985 年一直至j 现在）.since he was five years old （自 从他是五岁的时候一直到现在）
现在完成时的标志语还有so far “到目前为止”
注意：此时谓语动词要用延续性动词,若是非延续性动词要变成延续性动词。 leave-be away borrow-kee p buy-have beg in-be on die-be dead _________________________ joi n-be a member of go/come-be in open-be open become-be _ I have waited for you for three hours.
我一直等你等了三个小时。 He has bee n away for a mo nth. 他已经离开一个月了。 （ has bee n away 不 能用 has left ）
Her brother has bee n a member of army for three years. member of army 不能用 has joined army ) Han Mei has kept the book since last week.
borrowed )
(1) 1 my hometow n for a long really miss it.
A. left away from C. have left bee n away from
(2) — How do you like your En glish teacher
—He is all love friends since three years ago.
A. were made C. have bee n become
(3) — Anna,you Chinese is good. have you been in China —Since I was ten.
long far C. How ofte n soon
（4）Has the movie beg un Yes, it ________ f or five mi nu tes.
A. has beg un
B. bega n
C. has bee n on
（二）现在完成时的肯定句，否定句和疑问句的构成
1.现在完成时的肯定句的构成是 ：主语+have/has+动词过去分词+其他.（have 用于各种人称,has 用于第三人称单数）
(has bee n a (has kept 不能用 has
（3）Have you ever see n him
A. ago
B. two days ago
C. before
D. just now
2.表示过去发生的某一动作或状态，一直持续到现在。经常与时间状语 :Have/Has+主语+动词过去分词+其他. 否定回答是 No,主语+haven ' t/hasn ' t Has he p osted the letter yet Yes,he has/No,he has n
(三)have/has gone to 与 have/has been to 的区另
has gone to 意为“已经去……地方了(还没回来，不在说话人所在的地方)
” —Where is Li Lei — He has gone to school.
has bee n to 意为“曾经去过 ..... 地方(已回来)
—Where have you bee n — I have bee n to the library.
(1) She isn ' t at the cinema now because she the library.
bee n to bee n to gone to gone to
(2) — I think the man over there must be Bob.
—It be has to Australia.
A. can ' t;gone ' t;been C. may not;been
(3) — Have you ever bee n to Can ada
—Yes,I there last year with my paren ts.
A. have bee n gone C. went
(4) — Where is Jho n — He _______ the sup ermarket.
A. has gone to
B. has bee n to
C. has gone
Section A
for sth 索要某物 ask sb for sth He asked his mother for some mon ey. (1)He always asks me advice whatever he does.
A. for
B. on ?
C. of
(2)She wrote to her friend and He has already posted the letter.（ 他已经寄了那圭寸信） 2. 现在完成时的否定句的构成是：主语+have/has+not+动词过去分词+其他. He hasn ' t posted the letter yet. 要把already 变成yet ）
3. 现在完成时的一般疑问句的构成是
肯定回答是 Yes,主语+have/has
他还没有寄那封信（注意：否定句中 't;gone “向某人索要某物” information about computer
p rogram ming.
A.asked for?
B. went for
C. cared for? for
way to do sth=the way of doing sth.
3.区分 watch,see,read 和 look (1)watch 强调看正在运动或变化的事物。多指看电视、录像、比赛、表演 等。
(2)see 用于看电影, We saw a wonderful film yesterday.
另外see 侧重于结果，指“看见，看到” Can you see the bird in the tree ⑶read 意为“看”时，指“阅读；朗读”，后面接书、报纸、杂志等。 He likes read ing storybooks.
⑷look 强调“看”的过程，后面接宾语，则用
Look at the blackboard, please.
Look! The boy is watching the football father
his mother is read ing a n ews paper.
(1)Jim has many likes them very much. ⑵ ! Yao Mi ng is in the basketball ;look ;watch ;watch ;look
“和某人交谈”
He had con versati ons with his son yesterday.
5. What about …=How about …意为“ ......... 怎么样”或“ ... 好不好”接代词 宾格或动词-ing 。
I think this is a good about you
What about visit ing the East Lake
—We don' t have much homework this we go out together
—about a movie
A. to see C.see D.sees
“大声地，出声地” read aloud 朗读 loudly “大声地，吵闹地”，强调声音喧闹，不悦耳。
The boys are talking ________ in the class and it makesthe teacher unhappy.
A. aloud
B. loudly
C. louder
D. loud
“做某事的方法”
look at.
is seeing a film,and s it.
conv ersati ons with sb. read aloud
7.在英语中,可以用动词不定式形式表示目的.译为“为了”。
We have to study hard to find a good job.
(1)to school on time,I n eed to get up at 6:00 am.
get
(2)How kind you are! You always do what you can others.
hel p
8. practice doing sth. “练习做某事”
We should p ractice En glish as much as p ossible.
C. to sp eak in
9.that way=in that way 用那种方法this way=in this way 用这种方法
Fin ally I found my uncle that way.
10.It + is+ 形容词+ (for/of sb ) to do sth. 意为“做某事对于某人来说
是……的”在此句型中，是形式主语，真正的主语是to do sth 。
当形容词是描述人的性格、品质的词如kind,nice,clever,foolish ___________ 时用of sb,其他大多都用for sb.
It was very difficult for me to finish the work on time.
It ' s kind of you to tell me that.
It ' s polite for students hellototeachers.
say
11. a little =a bit =a little bit=k ind of ______________意为“一点儿；少许”都可以用来修饰形容词/副词。a little bit quiet. _______ 此外，a little
还可以直接修饰不可数名词，而a bit须和of连用才可以修饰不可数名词。
The weather here is a little bit hot. a little water=a bit of water
一点儿水
—What is your new frie nd like —She is shy..
A. a bit of
B. a lot of
C. a little bit
D. a kind of
don’ t you do sth或Why not do sth 意为“你为什么不做某事呢”
Why don' t you buy your mother some flowers=Why not buy your mother some flowers
doing sth “完成做某事”