高中英语语法讲义大全
高中英语语法
一、英语词法
1、实词：是指有实在意义，能独立承担句子成分的词名词、代词、形容词、副词、数词、动词
2、虚词：没有实在意义，不能独立承担句子成分
冠词、介词、连词、感叹词
二、英语句法
1、简单句
2、并列句
3、复合句
（1）名词性从句
◆主语从句
◆表语从句
◆宾语从句
◆同位语从句
（2）定语从句
◆限定性定语从句
◆非限定性定语从句
（3）状语从句
◆时间状语从句
◆条件状语从句
◆地点状语从句
◆原因状语从句
◆方式状语从句
◆结果状语从句
◆目的状语从句
◆比较状语从句
◆让步状语从句
三、其他句型
倒装句
强调句
省略句
It 用法和There be 句型
动词时态
非谓语动词
虚拟语气
主谓一致原则
反意疑问句
第一讲：句子类型与句子成分
一、句子种类和类型
1、句子种类
陈述句；疑问句；祈使句；感叹句
2、句子类型
简单句:由一个主语加一个谓语构成.
并列句：两个或两个以上的简单句用并列连词连在一起构成的句子,叫做并列句,其基本结构是“简单句+并列连词+简单句”。并列连词有：and, but, or, so, either…or.. neither...nor.. however not only…but also 等.
并列句中的各简单句意义同等重要，相互之间没有从属关系，是平行并列的关系。Hurry up or you'll be late.
He is rich while I’m poor.
复合句: 由主句和其他从句组成。
并列复合句：含有复合句的并列句.
★I asked a man who has a wife and three children who did the cooking in his house and he replied that whoever came home from work first did it.
二、句子成分
That girl is doing her homework now.
主语：
主语是句子陈述的对象，说明是谁或什么情况。表示句子说的是"什么人"、“什么事”、“什么东西”、“什么地方”等等。名词、代词、数词、动名词、To do不定式、一个句子都可以做主语。
All roads lead to Rome.
How to do it well is an important question.
谓语
谓语是对主语动作或状态的陈述或说明,指出“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”. 谓语动词的位置一般在主语之后。一般由动词或动词短语承担，具有各种时态、语态及语气的变化。
I seldom go to the cinema.
He has already left.
We are students
She fell ill last week
宾语
宾语，又称受词，是指一个动作（动词）的接受者。一般而言，及物动词后面最少要有一个宾语，而该宾语通常为直接宾语。名词、代词、数词、动名词、To do不定式、一个句子都可以做宾语，而to do不定式用于宾语补足语。
We study English at school.
He enjoys listening to the music.
直接宾语：表示动作的承受者或结果，通常指物。
Lend me your dictionary.
间接宾语：动作所向或所为的人或物，通常指人。
Lend your dictionary to me.
注意：间接宾语跟在直接宾语之后，间接宾语前要加介词to 或for
加介词to的动词：give bring take hand lend pass read tell send show teach write do 等加介词for的动词:fetch find pay sing buy choose find get make等
介词宾语：位于介词后面的宾语。
He walked to the office.
宾语补足语：及物动词后的，用以补充说明宾语的身份、状态等的词或短语。
这类常用的及物动词有：make consider cause see find call get have let We consider /think the answer (to be) right.
Electricity can make a machine run..
可做宾语补足语的：名词、形容词及其短语、不定式及其短语、过去分词及其短语、as引出的宾语补足语、介词短语、副词和从句。
Let the enemy in
You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.
We will soon make our community what your community is now.
We take English as a useful tool for everyday work.
定语
定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。主要有形容词此外还有名词、代词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式（短语）、分词、定语从句或相当于形容词的词、短语或句子都可以作定语。汉语中常用‘……的’表示。定语和中心语之间是修饰和被修饰、限制和被限制的关系。“的”是定语的标志。
He is an interesting man.
Have you anything to say
Can you see the car downstairs?
He was the one who succeeded in the experiment.
状语
英语中,状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。
状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来担当
He drove his car carefully.
China is developing fast during these year, but, unfortunately，unhealthily.
He is very quick to change his mind.
To buy a computer, I need money.
Seeing his mother, the baby burst into tears.
表语
表语是用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的，补充说明主语的意义，也叫主语补足语。表语常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动词的-ing、从句来充当，它常位于系动词（be, become, appear, seem, look, sound, feel, get, smell,
turn等词）之后。如果句子的表语也是由一个句子充当的,那么这个充当表语的句子就叫做表语从句。
Our teacher is very strict with us.
The book is interesting and I'm interested in it.
He looked just as he had looked ten years before.
同位语
一个名词(或其它形式)对另一个名词或代词进行修饰，限定或说明，这个名词(或其它形式)就是同位语。
We Chinese people are brave and hardworking.
Yesterday I met Tom, a friend of my brother's.
That is her habit, reading in bed.
He gave orders that the work should be started immediately.
The question whether to confess or not troubled the girl.
三、句子基本结构（简单句）
1.主语+谓语
这种句型简称为主谓结构，其谓语一般都是不及物动词，例：
Things change.事物是变化的。
Nobody went.没有人去。
2.主语+连系动词+表语
这种句型称为主系表结构，其实连系动词在形式上也是一种谓语动词，但实质上表语成了谓语，例：
Mr. Turner is an artist.特纳先生是位画家。
The milk turned sour.牛奶变酸了。
She became a lawyer.她当了律师。
3.主语+谓语+宾语
这种句型可称为主谓宾结构，它的谓语一般多是及物动词，例：
We never beat children.我们从来不打孩子。
My sister will fix everything.我姐姐会料理一切。
4.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语
这种句型可称为主谓宾宾结构，其谓语应是可有双宾语的及物动词，两个宾语一个是间接宾语，一个是直接宾语，例：
He gave the book to his sister.他把这本书给了他的妹妹。
I'll write you a long letter.我将写给你一封长信。
5.主语+谓语+宾语+宾补
这种句型可简称为主谓宾补结构，其补语是宾语补语，与宾语一起即构成复合宾语.
I found the book easy.我发现这本书不难。（形容词easy作补语）
I'll let him go.我将让他去。（不定式go用作补语）
注意：有时两个或更多的并列主语拥有一个共同的谓语，甚至并列有两个主语和两个谓语，这样的句子仍然是简单句，例：
Mr. Wang and I often work together and help each other.王先生和我常在一起工作互相帮助。
第二讲：名词性从句
在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词从句(Noun Clauses）。名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
1、主语从句
在句中起主语作用的句子叫做主语从句。
(1)引导主语从句的关联词有:that(不充当句子成分,仅起引导作用,通常用it作形式主语；分句置于句首时，that绝对不可以省略。),whether, who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever, where, when, how, why。
1 That he will succeed is certain.
2 Whether he will go there is not known.
3 What he said is not true.
4 Where he hid the money is to be found out.
5 Whoever comes is welcome.
6 How we can help the twins will be discussed at the meeting.
7 When they’ll start the project has not been decided yet.
（2）为避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语.
①It + be+形容词（obvious, natural, surprising, wonderful, possible, likely,
certain, probable) +that从句.
It is certain that he will succeed.
②It +be +名词词组（no wonder, an honor, a good thing ,a pity, no surprise )+that 从句.
It is a pity that they have to go without her.
③It + be+过去分词（said, reported, known, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged) +that从句.
It is not known whether he will go there.
④It + seems, happens等不及物动词及短语 +that从句.
It seems that Mary is not coming at all.
⑤It doesn’t matter (makes no difference)+连接代词或连接副词引导的主语从句.
It doesn’t matter whether he comes.
(3）注意连接代词whoever, whatever, whichever等引导主语从句的含义。whoever, whatever, whichever等引导的主语从句一般不后置，也不用替代词it.
Whoever comes will be welcome.(whoever=the person who)来的人将受到欢迎。
总结：在下列句型中常用that 引导主语从句
◆It’s likely/possible/important/necessary/clear that…很可能/重要的是…/必要的是…/很清楚…
◆It’s said/ reported that…据说/据报道…
◆It seems/appears/happens that…显然、明显、碰巧..
◆It’s been announced/declared that…已经通知/宣布…
◆It’s no wonder that…并不奇怪/无疑…
◆It’s a pity/a fact /a common knowledge / a common saying（俗话说）that…
高中英语语法讲义——名词
高中英语语法讲义——名词 名词的数 单数名词变复数名词的常用法则 （1）一般情况直接加-s, 如：books, trees. （2）以-s, -x, -ch, -sh结尾的加-es, 如：glasses, boxes, watches, brushes. （3）以辅音字母加-y结尾的名词把-y改为-i再加-es. 如：stories, countries. （4）以-o结尾的常在词尾加-s，但中学英语中下列名词要加-es, 它们是：黑人英雄 ．．中吃土豆 ．．、西． ．．．．在回声 红柿 ．．，即Negroes, heroes, echoes, potatoes, tomatoes. 下列以-o结尾的名词既可加-es, 也可加-s,它们是：zeros (zeroes)零, mosquitos (mosquitoes)蚊子, volcanos (volcanoes) 火山。 （5）以-f或-fe结尾的名词变为复数时一般直接加-s，但下列名词需把f或fe去掉，加-ves，它们是：为 了自己 ．．和一片树叶 ．．上，把狼．劈成了两半．，即：selves, lives, ．．．．站在架子 ．．手里拿着刀子 ．．和他的妻子 ．．活命．，小偷 thieves, wives, knives, loaves, leaves, shelves, wolves, halves. 但下列以-f结尾的名词既可变f为v后加-es，也可直接在f后加-s，它们是：handkerchiefs (handkerchieves)手帕，scarfs (scarves)围巾。 （6）合成名词变复数时，通常只将里面所含的主体名词变为复数，如果没有主体名词，则将最后一部分变为复数。如sons-in-law女婿；passers-by过路人；storytellers讲故事的人；housewives家庭主妇。（7）“man/ woman+ n.”变复数时，作定语的man/ woman和中心词都要变复数。 men teachers男老师women engineers女工程师 （8）不规则复数形式 ①变内部元音 foot-feet man-men woman-women tooth-teeth mouse-mice goose-geese gentleman-gentlemen ②单复数同形的名词 sheep deer spacecraft太空船 aircraft飞行器Chinese Japanese
高中英语语法大全
（1）表语从句 1．定义：用作表语的从句叫做表语从句。 2．构成：关联词+简单句 3．引导表语从句的关联词的种类： (1) 从属连词that。如： The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。 (2) 从属连词whether, as, as if。如： He looked just as he had looked ten years before. 他看起来还与十年前一样。 The question is whether they will be able to help us. 问题是他们是否能帮我们。 注：从属连词if一般不用来引导表语从句，但as if却可引导表语从句，如： All this was over twenty years ago, but it's as if it was only yesterday. gh能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词be, seem, look等。如： It looked as if it was going to rain. 看起来天要下雨了。 连接副词 where, when, how, why。 如：The problem is who we can get to replace her. 问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。 The question is how he did it. 问题是他是如何做此事的。 That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic. 那就是她今晨上了阁楼干的。 解释： 1．连词because可引导表语从句。如： I think it is because you are doing too much. 我想这是因为你做得太多。 2．在一些表示“建议、劝说、命令”的名词后面的表语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气。should+动词原形表示，should可省略。如： My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow. 我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。（2）主语从句 1．定义：用作主语的从句叫做主语从句。 2．构成：关联词+简单句 3．引导主语从句的关联词有三类： (1) 从属连词that。如：That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them. 很明显，她们确是亲姐妹，她们的脸型很相似。 (2) 从属连词whether。如： Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear. 他是否会来这里还不清楚。 (3) 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 连接副词 where, when, how, why。如： What she did is not yet known. 她干了什么尚不清楚。 How this happened is not clear to anyone. 这事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。 Whoever comes is welcome. 不论谁来都欢迎。 Wherever you are is my home ---- my only home. 你所在的任何地方就是我的家----我唯一的家。 解释： 1．主语从句能用it作形式上的主语。常以it作形式主语的句型有： A. It+be+形容词(obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.)+that从句。如： It is certain that she will do well in her exam. 毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。 It is probable that he told her everything. 很可能他把一切都告诉她了。 B. It+be+名词词组(no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.)+that
高中英语语法总结大全-形容词和副词
高中英语语法大全之形容词和副词 形容词及其用法 形容词修饰名词，说明事物或人的性质或特征。通常，可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类，其位置不一定都放在名词前面。 1)直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词，它有级的变化，可以用程度副词修饰，在句中可作定语、表语和补语。例如：hot 热的。 2)叙述形容词只能作表语，所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化，也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如：afraid 害怕的。 （错）He is an ill man. （对）The man is ill. （错）She is an afraid girl. （对）The girl is afraid. 这类词还有：well，unwell，ill，faint，afraid，alike，alive，alone，asleep，awake 等。 3）形容词作定语修饰名词时，要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing为字尾的词语时，要放在这些词之后，例如： something nice 以-ly结尾的形容词 1）大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，ugly，brotherly，仍为形容词。 改错：(错）She sang lovely. （错）He spoke to me very friendly. （对）Her singing was lovely. （对）He spoke to me in a very friendly way. 2）有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词，也为副词。 daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early The Times is a daily paper. The Times is published daily. 用形容词表示类别和整体 1）某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人，与谓语动词的复数连接。如：the dead，the living，the rich，the poor，the blind，the hungry The poor are losing hope. 2）有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体，与动词的复数连用。 the British，the English，the French，the Chinese. The English have wonderful sense of humor. 多个形容词修饰名词的顺序 多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为： 限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色) --出处--材料性质，类别--名词 a small round table a tall gray building
高一英语语法专项训练练习及答案
专题一名词、介词和数词 1．The_________is just around the corner and you won’t miss it． A．bicycle’s shop B．bicycle shop C．bicycles shop D．bicycles’shop 2．Rose was wild with joy________the result of the examination． A．to B．at C．by D．as 3．________people in the world are sending information by E-mail every-day． A．Several million B．Many millions C．Several millions D．Many million 4．This is not a match．We’re playing chess just for________． A．habit B．hobby C．fun D．game 5．No matter what you do，you should put your________into it． A．mind B．heart C．brain D．thought 6．There are usually at least two________of looking at every question． A．means B．directions C．views D．ways 7．My chest________when I make a deep breath，doctor． A．harms B．wounds C．hurts D．injures 8．The home improvements have taken what little there is________my spare time． A．from B．in C．of D．at 9．Luckily，the bullet narrowly missed the captain________an inch． A．by B．at C．to D．from 10．To regain their________after an exhausting game，the players lay in the grass． A．force B．energy C．power D．health 11．According to the recent research，heavy coffee drinking and heart attack is not necessarily________and effect． A．reason B．impact C．fact D．cause 12．Every new________has the possibility of making or losing money． A．event B．venture C．adventure D．expedition 13．The conference has been held to discuss the effects of tourism________the wildlife in the area． A．in B．off C．at D．with 14．The young dancers looked so charming in their beautiful clothes that we took________pictures of them． A．many of B．masses of C．the number of D．a large amount of 15．“I don’t think it's my________that the TV blew up．I just turned it on，that’s a11．”said the boy． A．error B．mistake C．fault D．duty 16．One of the consequences of our planet’s being warming up is a(n) ________in the number of natural disasters． A．result B．account C．reason D．increase 17. Life is tough in the city．In order to lose their________，some people drink alcohol． A．temper B．mood C．consciousness D．pressures 18．I don’t mind picking up your things from the store．________，the walk will do! me good． A．Sooner or later B．Still C．In time D．Besides 19．The accident is reported to have occurred _______the first Sunday in February． A．at B．on C．in D．to 20．________two exams to worry about，I have to work really hard this weekend． A．With B．Besides C．As for D．Because of 21．He got to the station early，________missing his train．． A．in case of B．instead of C．for fear of D．in search of 22． I feel that one of my main duties________a teacher is to help the students to be．
(word完整版)高中英语语法复习讲义+训练：动词(含答案),推荐文档
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高一英语知识点 重点词组：1. hunt for = look for寻找 I have found the book I was hunting for.我找到了那本我在找的书。 hunt for a job 找工作 2. fond of “喜爱，爱好”接名词、代词或动词的-ing形式。例如： He’s fond of swimming. 他喜欢游泳。 Are you fond of fresh vegetables. 你喜欢新鲜蔬菜吗? He is fond of his research work. 他喜爱他的研究工作。 3. care about 1) 喜欢，对……有兴趣= care for She doesn’t care about money.她不喜欢钱。 2）关心= care for She thinks only of herself. She doesn’t care about other people. 她只考虑自己。她不关心别人。 3）在乎，在意（接从句或不接任何成分） These young people care nothing about what old people might say. 这些年轻人根本不在乎老人说的话。 4. in order to, so as to 这两个词组都可引导不定式作目的状语, in order to可放于句首, so as to 则不能, 其否定形式为in order not to / so as not to. 如: He went to Beijing in order / so as to attend an important meeting. In order to be noticed, he shouted and waved to us.为了让我们注意他, 他朝我们又是叫喊又是挥手。 5. drop * a line 留下便条, 写封短信 6. such as 意为“诸如……”，“像……”，是用来列举人或事物的。 She teaches three subjects, such as physics and chemistry.她教三门科目,像物理、化学。 7、make yourself at home 别客气；随便；无拘束 （1）If you get to my house before I do, help yourself to a drink and make yourself at home. 如果你在我之前到我家，自己喝点饮料，随便一点。 8、come about 引起；发生；产生 （1）How did the accident come about?这场事故是怎么发生的？ （2）They didn't know how the change had come about.他们不知道这个变化是怎样产生的。 9、stay up 不睡；熬夜 （1）I'll be late home, don't stay up for me.我将回家很晚，不要等我了。 （2）He stayed up reading until 2:00 in the morning.他熬夜看书直到凌晨两点。 10、end up with 以……告终；以……结束 （1）The party ended up with an English song.聚会以一首英文歌结束。 11、except for 除……之外 （1）except 与except for 的用法常有区别。except 多用于引起同类事物中被排除的一项。如：①He answered all the questions except the last one.除去最后一个，他回答了所有问题。 ②We go there every day except Sunday.除了星期天，我们天天去那里。 （2）except for 用于引述细节以修正句子的主要意思。如： ①Except for one old lady, the bus was empty.除去一个老太太，这辆公共汽车全空了。 ②Your picture is good except for the colours.你的画儿很好，只是某些色彩有问题。 （3）但在现代英语中，except for也用于表示except的意思。如上述第一个例子可以是：
高中英语语法习题及答案
高中英语语法练习题-高考精粹 1. Ms Nancy didn't mind at all ______ to the ceremony. A. being not invited B. not being invited C. not inviting D. not to be invited 2. "_____ your meeting is!" he offered them his sincere congratulations. A. How a great success B. What a great success C. How great success D. What great success 3. We must remember that _____fashion is not the most important thing in _______ life. A. /; the B. /; / C. the; / D. the; the 4. It _____ quite a few years _____ the accused was declared innocent and set free. A. was; since B. is; that C. will be; when D. was; before 5. The professor said he could talk on _____ interested the audience. A. any topic B. which topic C. whichever topic D. the topic he thought it 6.Under no circumstance _____ to tell lies to parents. A. children are allowed B. are children allowed C. children will allow D. will children allow 7.Modern science and technology has _____ communication between people far apart. A. made convenient B. made it convenient C. made it convenient for D. made it convenient to 8.I heard that you really had a wonderful time at John's birthday party, _____? A. didn't I B. didn't you C. hadn't you D. will you 9.The great use of school education is not so much to teach you things _____ to teach you the art of learning. A. as B. that C. than D. but 10.No matter how frequently _____ the works of Beethoven always attract a large number of people.