17中高考从句5种及时态

专题一定语从句

一、关系代词引导的定语从句

1、that 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语

which 指物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语（作宾语时可以省略）

who 指人在从句中作主语，宾语或表语

whom 指人在从句中作宾语

whose 指人或物在从句中作定语

as 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语

but 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语

注意：指物时，whose+名词=the+名词+of which或of which+the+名词

2、as 的用法

（1）常用于下列结构：such…as; so…as;the same…as; as…as

注意：the same…as 表示同一类，不同一个

the same…that 表示同一个

（2）as与which的区别

a、位置不同

as可放在主句后，主句前或主句中间；which只能放在主句后。

b、as起连接作用，表达说话人的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的根据或出处，意为“正如，正像”。

Which相当于并列句，可以用and this来代替，意为“这一点，这件事’”。

注意：as常用于下列结构：as we know/ as is known to all, as we all can see, as has been said before/above,

as might be excepted, as is often the case, 一般不能用which代替as。

c、在从句中作主语时，which既可作系动词be的主语也可作实义动词的主语，而as只可作系动词be的主语。

二、只用that不用which的情况

1、先行词为all , much, everything, nothing , something ,anything, nothing, none, the one等不定代词时

2、先行词被only, any, few, little, no , all, just , very ,right等修饰时.

3、当先行词是最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。

4、当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。

5、当先行词是数词时.

6、当先行词既指人又指物时。

7、如有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用which，另一个关系代词则宜用that。

8、主句是There be结构,修饰其主语的定语从句宜用that 作关系代词。

9、被修饰成分为表语,或者关系代词本身是定语从句的表语时，该关系代词宜用that。

10、先行词为what，关系代词用that。

11、有时为了避免重复而使用that引导定语从句。

三、只用which不用that的情况

1、当介词放在关系代词之前时。

2、在非限制性定语从句中。

3、当关系代词指整个主句的概念时。

四、只用who不用that的情况

1、当先行词是one, ones,anyone或those时。

2、there be 结构中。

3、当先行词是人，后面有较长修饰语时。

4、为了避免重复或引起歧义。

5、当先行词是I,you,he,they等时（常用于谚语中）。

6、先行词是指成员的集体名词。

7、who可以引导非限制性定语从句。

8、先行词是拟人化的名词。

9、先行词指特定的人时用who,不指特定的人用that。

五、关系副词引导的定语从句

1、when时间状语

注意：It/Ihis/That + be + the first/ second/ last time that…只能用that,that 可以省略，从句用相应的完成时。

2、where 地点状语

注意：当先行词为模糊的地点时，如point. Situation, case, position, stage, scene, spot, activity, family, job等名词时用where.

3、why 原因状语先行词为reason。

六、介词与关系代词

1、介词如何确定

（1）依据定语从句中动词的习惯搭配来确定

（2）依据先行词的习惯搭配来确定

（3）根据意思来确定

（4）为了强调某一名词，不定式前加上关系词

2、关系代词作介词的宾语时，介词的位置

（1）whom和which可以和介词一起放在先行词和从句之间，也可以把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面。

（2）含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在动词的后面。

（3）关系代词that在从句中作介词宾语时，介词不能放在它的前面，只能放在从句中有关动词的后面。

（4）关系代词whose也可以在从句中与它所修饰的名词一起作介词宾语。

3、“名词/数词/代词+介词+关系代词”结构常见的形式有：名词

/one/two/some/none/all/both/several/many/most/a few/a little/the+比较级/the+最高级…+of+which/whom。

七、定语从句中的主谓一致

1、关系代词作从句的主语时，从句中谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致，先行词是句子时，从句的谓语动词用单数形式。

2、“one of+复数名词”位于关系代词前作先行词时，关系代词在从句中作主语，从句的动词通常用复数，但当one前有the,the only,the very等修饰时，从句的谓语动词要用单数。

八、注意way和time后接定语从句的情况

1、当先行词是way，且意为“方式、方法”时，引导定语从句的关系词有下列三种形式：that/in which/不填。

注意：关系词在从句中必须作状语。如果关系词在从句中作主语或宾语，按正常的定语从句分析。

2、当先行词是time时，若time作“次数”讲，应用that引导定语从句，that 可省略；若time作“一段时间”讲，应用关系副词when或介词at/during+which 引导定语从句。

专题二状语从句

一、时间状语从句

1、when的用法

（1）when既可引导一个持续性动作，也可引导一个短暂性动作，可用于表示主句和从句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作，有时还可表示从句动作后于主句，意为“当。。。时候”。

（2）when在be about to do。。。when。。。，be doing。。。when。。。，had done。。。when。。。，be on one’s way。。。when。。。，be on the point of doing。。。when。。。等结构中，作“那时突然”讲。

（3）when “既然、鉴于；尽管，虽然（位于主句之后）；如果”

2、while的用法

（1）表示“当。。。时候”，引导的动作必须是延续性的。

（2）用作并列连词，表示相对关系“然而”。

（3）引导让步状语从句，相当于although,意为“虽然”，位于主句前。

（4）引导条件状语从句，相当于as/so long as，意为“只要”。

3、as 的用法

（1）表示“当。。。时候”，强调同时发生，不指先后。

（2）说明两种正在发展或变化的情况，表示“随着”，表示时间的推移。

（3）表示“一边。。。一边。。。”。

（4）强调两个动作紧接着发生。

（5）表示“虽然，尽管”。

（6）其他含义“正如，正像”，“作为”，“由于，因为”。

4、before的用法

（1）一般意为“在。。。之前”“。。。才”，“。。。就”“还没有。。。”“免得”“不知不觉”“宁可，宁愿”，“否则，要不然”。

（2）It + will be/was + 时间段+before+一般现在时/一般过去时。在肯定句中，意为“多长时间之后才”；在否定句中，意为“用不了多长时间就”。

5、until和till

（1）与肯定句连用，必须是延续性动词。

（2）与否定句连用，必须是非延续性动词，表示“直到。。。才，在。。。之前不。。。”。

注意：not until可用于强调句和倒装句

强调句：It is/was not until…that…倒装句：not until 放句首时，主句要部分倒装。

6、since的用法

（1）since后是非延续性动词，时间起点从该动作发生算起，意为“做某事多久了”；since后是延续性动词，时间起点从该动作结束算起，意为“不做某事已有多长时间”。

（2）It is/has been +时间段+since+一般过去时

7、表示“一......就......”的句型

（1）as soon as, once,immediately,directly,instantly,the moment,the minute 等引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即发生，常译作“一。。。就。。。”，这类从句中，经常用一般现在时态代替将来时态。

（2）on doing sth.或“on one’s+名词”作时间状语。

8、有些名词和副词可以起连接词的作用，引导时间状语从句。

注意：时间状语从句中不用将来时态。若要表示将来时间，可用一般现在时态表示。但when引导名词性从句时，从句中要使用将来时。

二、地点状语从句

1、地点状语从句由where,wherever引导。

注意：where与where的区别：Where表特定的地点，而wherever表示非特定的地点。

Wherever=to/at any place where

2、地点状语从句与定语从句的区别

Where引导定语从句时，从句前应有一个表示地点的名词作先行词；而状语从句前则无先行词。

三、原因状语从句

引导词：because, since,as, now that, not that…, but that…, seeing that, considering that, in that

注意：for也可以表示原因，属并列连词，但不是说明直接原因，而是对某种情况加以推断，用于表示补充说明理由。

四、目的状语从句

引导词：so, so that, in order that, that, to the end that（以便，为了），in case,for fear that,lest（以免，以防），

目的状语从句中通常有情态动词can,could,may,might,should,would等。

注意：1、in case 还可表示“万一，假如”。

2、目的状语从句可以用so as to, in order to 等不定式代替，但主句和从句的主语必须一致。

五、结果状语从句

引导词：so...that（如此。。。以至于。。。），such...that（如此。。。以至于。。。），so that（结果是），with the result that（所以，结果是）

注意：（1）so...that与such...that的区别

So+形容词such+a/an+形容词+单数名词

So+形容词+a/an+单数名词such+形容词+复数名词

So+副词such+形容词+不可数名词

So many/few+复数名词

So much/little+不可数名词

（2）so that引导的目的状语从句与so that 引导的结果状语从句

目的状语从句一般使用情态动词，结果状语从句一般不使用情态动词；

结果状语从句常常用逗号与主句分开。

（3）so...that与so...as;such...that与such...as

So...that/such...that为结果状语从句；so...as/such...as为定语从句。

六、条件状语从句

引导词：if（如果），unless（除非），if only（只要，但愿），only if（只有），in case（万一），suppose/supposing(that)

（假设），provided/providing(that)（只要，假若），on condition that（要是，在。。。条件下），so/as long as（只要），（let's/let us)say（假设）

七、方式状语从句

引导词：as（像。。。一样，正如。。。），as if/as though（好像，宛如）

注意：1、固定句型A is to B what C is to D.意为“A对B而言正如C对D一样”。

2、as if, as though引导的从句若与事实相反，用虚拟语气；若与事实相符，不用虚拟语气。

八、让步状语从句

引导词：though/although/as（虽然，尽管），even if/though（即使，尽管），whether/no matter whether...or(not)

（不管。。。是否，不管是。。。还是）wh-ever/no matter wh-(无论。。。）

注意：（1）though,although,as的区别

A、Though,although的主句中可以用yet, still, nevertheless,但不可使用but。

B、though引导的从句可以倒装，也可以不倒装；as引导的从句必须倒装；although 引导的从句不能倒装。

其结构为：形容词/分词/副词/动词原形/名词（无冠词）+as/though+主语+谓语……

（2）though可用作副词，放在句末，意为“不过，但是”。Although无此用法。（3）某些短语也引导让步的从句或短语，意为“尽管”，如：in spite of the fact that, despite the fact that, regardless of（the fact that）

九、比较状语从句

引导词：as...as（和。。。一样），not as/so...as（和。。。不一样），than（比），the more...the more...（越。。。越。。。）

十、状语从句中的省略问题

1、在状语从句中如果主语与主句的主语一致，同时从句中又含有系动词be，则通常可省去从句的主语和系动词be,留下其余部分。

2、若状语从句中主语是it, 动词是系动词be, 则通常可省去主语it及系动词be,留下其余部分。

专题三名词性从句

（1）常见的可以接that从句作宾语的动词有see, say, know, imagine, discover, believe, tell, show, think, consider, be sure, be afraid等。在可以接复合宾语的动词之后，如think, make, consider等，可以用it作形式宾语。

（2）That从句一般不能充当介词宾语，偶尔可作except, in 的宾语。

3、表语从句（that不可省略）

4、同位语从句

连词that引导同位语从句时，应在某些抽象名词之后，如：fact, hope, desire, thought, suggestion, idea, news, problem, possibility等，对前面的名词起补充说明的作用，that在从句中不担当任何成分，不能省略。

二、whether/if从句

1、在表语从句和同位语从句中只能用whether不能用if;当主语从句放于句首时，只能用whether不用if;当it作形式主语，主语从句放在句末时用whether或if均可；discuss后引导宾语从句时，必须用whether。

2、在宾语从句中：

（1）及物动词后：whether从句中不能有否定式，宾语从句为否定句时用if；if 不能与or not连用，但可以用whether or not；whether后可以加不定式。

（2）介词后：只能用whether,不用if。

三、特殊疑问词引导的从句

1、主语从句：特殊疑问词引导主语从句时，常用it作形式主语。

2、宾语从句

（1）常见的能接特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句的动词有see, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, show, discuss, understand, inform, advise等。

（2）作介词宾语。

3、同位语从句、表语从句

四、名词性关系从句

What=the thing(s) which/that, whoever=anyone who,

whichever=anyone/anything that, whatever=anything that, where=the place where, when=the time when

五、名词性从句的几个难点

（一）that不可省略的情况

1、主语从句，that从句置于句首时；

2、当一个句子有两个或多个并列的宾语从句时，引导第二和以后几个从句的that 不可省略；

3、由it作形式宾语时，that引导的宾语从句中，that不可以省略。

（二）wh-ever与no matter wh-的用法区别

Wh-ever既可引导名词性从句，又可引导让步状语从句；而no matter wh-只能引导让步状语从句。

（三）as if/though, because, why可以引导表语从句

注意：because引导的表语从句，主语不能是reason或cause,而且since,as不能引导表语从句。

（四）that引导的同位语从句与关系代词that引导的定语从句的区别

That引导的同位语从句成分是完整的，that在从句中不担当任何成分；that引导的定语从句成分是残缺的，that在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语。

专题四动词的时态和语态

被动

am/is/are d

one was/were d

one

will/shall be

done

would/shoul

d b

e done

am/is/are b

eing done

过去进行时将来进行时现在完成时

现在完成进

行时

过去完成时

主动

was/were d

oing will/shall be

doing

have/has d

one

have/has b

een doing

had done

被动

was/were b

eing done ----------

have/has b

een done

----------

had been d

one

一、一般现在时

1、表示经常发生的习惯性的、现在反复出现的动作或状态，常用的时间状语有：always,usually,seldom, sometimes, every day, now and then, once a week 等。

2、表示眼下或目前等现在时间所发生的动作或存在的状态，这种状态带有一定的持续性。

3、表示客观事实或普遍真理。

4、书报的标题，故事的叙述，小说、戏剧、电影等情节介绍，图片的说明等。

5、时间表、时刻表、日程表、节目单、课程表等按规定将要发生的动作，只限于go, arrive, leave, start, stay, return, begin, come等动词。

6、在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中，表示将来的动作。

注意：一般现在时可以用于定语从句或宾语从句中表示将来。

7、用在某些表达中，表示现在正在发生的动作或存在的状态。

Here comes the bus!How it rains!

二、一般过去时

1、表示在过去某一时间点发生的动作或所处的状态，与现在没有关系。常用的时间状语有：yesterday, last night, at that time等。

2、表示在过去某一段时间里反复出现的动作或状态，与现在没有关系。

3、用used to do或would do表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。

4、有些情况发生的时间没清楚表明，但实际上是“刚才，刚刚”发生的，属于过去时间，应使用过去时态。常见的有I didn’t know…或I forgot…等。

5、一般过去时可与today, this week, this month等时间状语连用。

三、一般将来时

1、will/shall do

（1）表示将来会出现的动作或状态。常用的时间状语：this evening, tomorrow, next week/month…,at the end of this term, in a few minutes等。

（2）表示将来经常发生的动作。

（3）表示事物的固有属性或必然趋势、倾向。

（4）表示说话过程中做出某种决定。

注意：条件状语从句中的will表示“决心，意愿”，此时will是情态动词表示意愿。

2、be going to do

（1）表示已经决定或安排要做的事。

（2）表示根据某种迹象认为在最近或将来将要发生的事。

3、be to do

（1）表示约定、计划或按职责、义务要求即将发生的动作。

（2）表示说话人的意志、意图、职责、义务、命令。

（3）表示注定要发生的事情。

4、be about to do

（1）表示即将发生的动作，意为“正要，即将”。

定语从句高考真题及答案

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状语从句高考考点 高考状语从句讲解

状语从句高考考点高考状语从句讲解 语法专题 状语从句 考点归纳 考点一：对when，while，as，since等词的辨析 when，while，as，since在引导时间状语从句时的区别可参见下表： 和从句动词所表示的动作或状态是同时发生的，它引导的从句用延续性动词，若从句中是非延续性动词，不能用while。 表示“一边……一边”的意思时用as或while。 As/While she was cooking she was singing songs、 She sang as she cooked、 当主句谓语动词表示短暂动作，而从句动作可以持续一段时间时，三个连词都可以用。 Tom poke his leg while/when/as he was playing football、注意： ① when也可用作并列连词，其意义为“就在那时，这时”，相当于and at this/that time，常用下列句式中： We were having a meeting when someone poke in、 We were about to set off on our way，when it suddenly began to rain、

He had just left the room when it rained、 另外when还可表示原因“既然”。 It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could easily walk there in five minutes、 ②while除引导时间状语从句外，还可引导让步或条件状语从句及作并列连词连结两个并列的简单句。如：While he was respected，he was not liked、 There will be life while there is water and air、 He is a worker while I am a doctor、 since引导从句时在主句是现在完成时的条件下，从句若为非延续性动词的一般过去时，表示从该动作的完成时刻算起，因此动词的语法形式与词义一致，是肯定意义；若从句动词为延续性动词的一般过去时，表示动作或状态从最后一次发生到现在。因此其含义与动词的词义恰好相反，具有否定意义，若从句延续性动词用现在完成时，则动词的语法形式与词义一致，是肯定意义。 I haven”t heard from her since she left Beijing、 自从她离开北京后，我从未收到她的信。 I haven”t written to her since she lived in London、 自从她离开伦敦以后，我从未给她写信。 Since I have been at this school we have three headmasters、