国际经济学题库(英文版)
国际经济学题库(英文版)
Part Ⅰ. Fill in the blank with suitable content.
1.Seven themes recur throughout the study of international economics. These are the gains from
trade , the pattern of trade , protectionism the balance of payments, exchange rate
determination, international policy coordination, international capital market.
2. Countries engage in international trade for two basic reasons : comparative advantage
and economics of scale .
3. A country has a comparative advantage in producing a good if the opportunity cost
of producing that good in terms of other goods is lower in that country than it is in other countries.
4. Labor is the only one factor of production. LC a 、LW a and *LC a 、*LW a are the unit labor requirement
in cheese and wine at Home and Foreign, respectively. If aLC/aLW comparative advantage in cheese. C p /W p is the relative price of cheese, when aLC/aLW< Pc/Pw respectively. 5. Labor is the only one factor of production. LC a 、LW a and *LC a 、*LW a are the unit labor requirement in cheese and wine at Home and Foreign, respectively. L and L*are Home’s and Foreign’s labor force. If LC a /LW a /(L*/aLW*) . Home’s gains from indirectly producing wine can be shown as (1/aLC)(Pc/Pw)－ 1/aLW 6. In specific factors model(Q M =Q M (K, L M ); Q F =Q F (T, L F ); L=L M +L F ), if Home produces and trades manufactured goods for food , the overall comparison of the five change rate of goods price and factor price M P ?、F P ?、K r ?、T r ?、W ?inside Home is T F M K r P W P r ∧ ∧∧∧∧???? . That is, the real income of capitalists increase, it can be shown as ↑M K P r ↑↑M K P r . 7. There are two main reasons why international trade has strong effects on the distribution of income. First, resources can ’t move immediately or costlessly form one industry to another Second Industries differ in the factors of production they demand. 8. In the Heckscher-Ohlin model,Comparative advantage is influenced by the interaction between relative abundance and relative intensity 9.According to stolper-sammelson effect if the relative price of a good rises, the real income of the factor which intensively used in that good will rise, while the real income of the other factor will fall. 10.According to 罗布津斯基效应 Rybczynski effect , at unchanged relative goods price, if the supply of a factor of production increases, the output of the good that are intensive in that factor will rise, while the output of the other good will fall. 11.According to H-O 模型H-O proposition , owners of a country’s abundant factors gain from trade, but owners of a country’s scare factors lose. 12.According to 要素价格均等化命题 Factor price equalization proposition , international trade produces a convergence （收敛） of relative goods prices. This convergence, in turns, causes the convergence of the relative factor prices. Trade leads to complete equalization of factor prices.（完整的要素价格均等化） 13. Three assumptions （假设） crucial to the prediction of factor price equalization are in reality untrue. These assumptions are (1) 两个国家都生产两种产品 both countries produce both goods (2) 两国技术相同 technologies are the same (3) 存在贸易壁垒：天然壁垒和人为壁垒There are barriers to trade: natural barriers and artificial barriers . 14.“U.S. exports w ere less capital-intensive than U.S. imports” is known as 里昂惕夫悖论 Leontief paradox . 15.The Ricardian Model , the Specific Factor model and the H-O model may be viewed as special cases （特殊情况） of 标准贸易模型 standard trade models 16.The standard trade model derives （派生 推导） a world relative supply curve （曲线） from production possibilities and a world relative demand curve from preferences . 17.To export-biased growth, if the decline （下降） of the welfare caused by the deterioration （恶化） of the terms of trade swap over （交换） the rise of the welfare caused by growth, the growth is immiserizing growth (贫困化增长). 18. Some economists argued that export-biased growth by poor nations would worsen their term of trade so much that they would be worse off than if they had not grown at all. This situation is known as immiserizing growth (贫困化增长) . 19.Immiserizing growth demands strict conditions, these conditions are economic growth is strongly export-biased , the growing country is large enough to affect the world price , RS and RD must be very steep . 20.According to “ 梅茨勒悖论Metzle paradox ”, t ariffs and export subsidies （补贴） might have perverse （有害的） effects on internal price. 21.In the model of “Monopolistic （垄断） Competition and Trade”, firms of an individual nation face the trade-off between economies of scale and variety of products . 22. Marshall argued that there were three main reasons why a cluster of firms （企业集群）may be more efficient than an individual firm in isolation: specialized supplies , labor market pooling , knowledge spillovers (知识溢出) 23.The pattern of intraindustry （产业内） trade itself is unpredicted, history and accident determine the details of the trade pattern. 39. When there is external economies （外部经济）, the pattern of international trade is determined by economics of scale interact with comparative advantage . 24. The indexes （指标）of intrainindustry trade of a industry can be calculated by the standard formula: 25. Interindustry trade and intrainindustry （产业内） trade are the sources of gains from trade . When countries are similar in their relative factor supplies 、scale economies and product differentiations are important , intrainindustry trade is the dominant source （主要来源） of gains from trade, everyone gains from trade. 26.The argument of temporary （暂时的） protection of industries to enable them to gain experience is known as 幼稚产业论the infant industry argument 27. If we add together the gains and losses from a tariff, We find the net effect on national welfare can be separated into two parts: terms of trade gain and efficiency loss 28.Why do countries adopt trade policies such as tariff or import quota, which produce more costs than benefits?—— trade politics 29.In the political economy of trade policy （贸易政策的政治经济学） , government are assumed to （被假定为）maximize 政治成功political success rather than 国家福利 national welfare . 30.Deviations from free trade can sometimes increase national welfare. These arguments include the term of trade argument for a tariff and the domestic market failure argument 31.According to “Specific rule (对症规则) ”, domestic market failure should be corrected by domestic policies aimed directly at the problem’s sources. 32. Although market failures are probably common, the domestic market failure argument against free trade should not be applied too freely.First domestic market failure should be corrected by domestic policies aimed directly at the problems ’ sources ;Second economists cannot diagnose market failure well enough to prescribe policy . 33. International trade often produces losers as well as winners. In the actual politics of trade policy, exp 1exp orts imports I orts imports -=-+ income distribution is of crucial importance. 集体行动问题The problem of collective action can explain why policies that not only seem to produce more costs than benefits but that also seem to hurt far more voters them they can help can nonetheless be adopted. 34.The WTO includes four aspects content: GATT 1994, GATS , TRIPS , TRIMS 35.“Nondiscriminatory” principles （非歧视性原则）include most favored nation principle and national treatment principle 36.For preferential （优惠） trading agreements, such as customs union , countries must cede part of their sovereignty to supranational entity （必须放弃部分主权的超国家实体） 37.Whether a customs union （关税同盟） is desirable （可取） or undesirable depends on whether it largely leads to trade creation or trade diversion . 38.Trade policy in developing countries is concerned with two objectives （涉及两个目标）: promoting industrialization and Coping with the problem of the dual economy . industrialization and coping with the problems of the dual economy. Correspondingly, there are two main arguments for developing countries to pursue policy of import-substituting industrialization. The two arguments are the infant industry argument t and market failure justification for infant industry protection . 40. Sophisticated proponents of the infant industry argument have identified two market failures as reasons why infant industry protection may be a good idea: The imperfect capital markets justification and The appropriability argument . Part Ⅱ. True or False (true and false are denoted by “T” and “F”, respectively)