中考英语复习学案 —— 名词

名词

表示人，事物，地点或抽象概念的名称的词叫名词。

一、名词的分类：

名词分为专有名词和普通名词。

（一）专有名词：指人名，地名，结构名称，如Tom, Beijing, WTO等；

（二）普通名词：指一类人，事物或抽象概念的名称, 如students, books, plans 等。普通名词又细分为：

1.个体名词：如a teacher, a desk, an hour等；

个体名词是可数名词，有单复数变化。如：

①我是一名学生。I am a student.

②我父母是工人。My parents are workers.

2.集体名词：如family, class, group, team等；

集体名词是可数名词，但是单复数同行，当作为整体看时是单数；当作为集体里面的所有成员看时是复数，如：

①我们足球队是全市最好的。

Our football team ______ (be) the best in our city.

②我们足球队正在球场上踢球。

Our football team _______ (be) playing football on the field.

3.物质名词：如cake, paper, bread, rice, wood, water, milk, juice等；

物质名词是不可数名词，没有复数形式，谓语动词用单数形式。如：

The home-made cake ______ (be) very delicious.

4.抽象名词：如fact, idea, advice, news, information, massage等。

抽象名词有些是可数名词，如facts, ideas, suggestions, messages等，有些是不可数名词，如news, information, advice等。抽象名词是否可数是英语传统习惯，需要记忆，汉语意义相同的抽象名词，可能会有可数和不可数两种英语单词形式，如“建议”，suggestion有复数suggestions, 但是advice 就没有复数形式。

二、名词的数

可数名词的单复数变化规则。

1.某国人变复数

1）中国人a Chinese --- Chinese

2）英国人an Englishman --- Englishmen

3）阿拉伯人an Arab --- Arabs

口诀：中日不变英法变，其余s加后面。

尤其要注意German的复数Germans.

2.以-o结尾的名词:

1) 有生命的在词尾加-es, 它们是“黑人英雄爱吃土豆西红柿”(negro黑人, hero

英雄, potato土豆，tomato西红柿);

2) 无生命的在词尾加-s, 如kilo---kilos千克, radio---radios收音机,

bamboo---bamboos竹子。

3.名词修饰名词，如果前面的名词是man, woman，变复数时，前后两个名词都要变成复数形式，如果是其他名词，变复数时，只需要把后面的名词变成复数形式。如：

a man teacher --- three men teachers

a woman worker --- three women workers

a boy student --- three boy students

4.一些以-f或-ef结尾的名词直接加-s变成复数。如：

a roof --- roofs屋顶 a belief --- beliefs信仰

a chief --- chiefs首领 a safe --- safes 保险柜

口诀：首领信仰屋顶的保险柜

5.常见不可数名词有

meat, fish, chicken, pork, beef, mutton, milk, tea, water, rice, bread, homework, news, advice, paper, ice, rain, snow, wind, cloud, air, weather, music, information, fun, work等。

6.有些名词既是可数名词，又是不可数名词，但意义有所不同。如：

work 工作---a work一部著作paper纸---a paper 一份文件

glass玻璃---a glass一个玻璃杯room空间---a room一个房间

7.不可数名词无法用数来计算，前面不能用a/an或数词来表示数量，它的量往往借助容器来表示, 复数是把容器词变成复数，如：

a glass of milk ---- two glasses of milk;

a piece of paper ---- two pieces of paper

a bag of rice ---- two bags of rice

8.“数词+名词（+形容词）”构成的复合形容词中，中间的名词必须用单数形式。如： a five-year-old boy a two-meter-long ruler

小牛试刀

play→ _________ match→_________ math→_________ belief→_________

half→________ hero→__________ radio→ __________ tomato→__________ kilo→_________ German→__________

三、名词所有格

名词所有格表示名词之间的关系。有两种表示形式：

（一）-’s所有格

（二）of 所有格

1.-’s 用于有生命的名词，如Tom’s father, Children’s Day 等。

2.用and连接两个并列的单数名词表示共有关系，只需要在最后一个名词后加’s。

如：Lucy and Lily’s mother (Lucy和Lily的妈妈)（Lucy和Lily是姐妹）

3.用and连接两个并列名词，表示分别拥有各自的物品时，两个名词都要在词尾加’s表示所有关系。

如：Lucy’s and Lily’s mothers (Lucy和Lily各自的妈妈)

4.以s 结尾的名词，在s后加“’”, 不以s结尾的词，在词尾加-’s。

如：Women’s Day, Teachers’ Day

5.of 所有格常用来表示无生命的东西。如the door of the room

6.双重所有格有两种形式

1）of + 名词所有格如a friend of my brother’s

2）of +名词性物主代词如a book of yours

7.表示医院，店铺，诊所，住宅等名称时，常在名词后加-’s代表全称。如：

at the doctor’s; at Lingling’s

8.一些有名词性质的复合不定代词，如someone, everyone等和else连用时，-’s

应加在else的后面。如：someone else’s book

9.表示时间，距离，价值，国家，城市等无生命的东西的名词，也可以在词尾加-’s或-’来构成所有格，如：

two weeks’ time ten kilometers’ distance one hundred yuan’s order

China’s capital Beijing’s weather

四、名词的用途：

（一）作主语, 名词作主语注意单复数。

Mr Zhang is our English teacher.

张先生是我们的英语老师。

（二）作宾语

I like English.我喜欢英语。

Beijing is famous for the Great Wall.

北京因长城而著名。

（三）作表语

We are students. 我们是学生。

（四）作宾补

Edison’s mother made him a scientist.

爱迪生的妈妈把他培养成了一名科学家。

（五）作定语

Girl students do as well as boy students in maths.

女同学跟男同学一样数学学得好。

（六）作状语

I will come to see you Saturday.

我周六来看你。

（七）同位语

We all love Beijing, capital of China.

我们都爱北京，中国的首都。

练习

第一组

1.—How many _______ are there?

—About fifty.

A.tomato

B. tomatos

C. tomatoes

D. tomato’s

2.—Whose _______ are these?

—I think they are John’s.

A.key

B. keys

C.keyes

D. keies

3.In autumn there are a lot of _________ on the ground.

A.leaf

B. leafs

C. leaves

D. leafes

4. You can find many _______ about the famous film star on the Internet.

A.news

B.pictures

C.tickets

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/4e9643333.html,rmation

5.We have fifty ______ in our school.

A.woman teacher

B.women teacher

C.woman teachers

D.women teachers

6.I need to buy some _______ for my daughters.

A.tooth brush

B.teeth brushes

C.tooth brushes

D.teeth brush

7. Yesterday for dinner I had a piece of beef, vegetables and _______.

A.some rice

B.a few rice

C.a little rices

D.a rice

8. Please give me some _______ on how to learn English well.

A.plan

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/4e9643333.html,rmation

C.advice

D. way

9. —What would you like to drink, girls? —_______, please.

A.Two glass of water

B.Two glass of waters

C.Two glasses of water

D.Two cups of teas

10. I have _______ money in my purse. I can afford it.

A. little

B. few

C. a little

D.a few

第二组

1. The ______ of machine made us feel sick.

A. voice

B. noise

C. sound

D. noises

2. Sheep _______ white and milk _______ also white.

A. is, are

B. are, is

C. is, is

D. are, are

3. It’s a long ______ to Paris. It’s two thousand kilometers.

A. street

B. road

C. way

D. end

4. Beijing is one of the biggest _______ in the world.

A. citys

B. city

C. cityes

D. cities

5. --- Where is Tom?

--- He’s left a ______ saying that he has something important to do.

A. excuse

B. message

C. exercise

D. news

6. There is no ______ in the bus so we have to wait for another bus.

A. room

B. a room

C. rooms

D. seats

7. --- Would you like some ______?

--- Oh, yes. Just a little.

A. pears

B. oranges

C. sugar

D. apples

8. You can find the following INSTRUCTIONS（提示）on _______. KEEP IN A COLD PLACE

A. food

B. money

C. clothes

D. books

9. Mr. Green has lived in the _____ hotel since he came to China.

A. five-star

B. five-stars

C. five star’s

D. five stars

10. She was born in Wuhan, but Beijing has become her second _______.

A. home

B. family

C. house

D. place

11. Which of the following does paper burn in?

A. 2co

B. 2N

C. 2O

D. 2H

Keys:

一、名词的分类

2. 集体名词 ①is ①are

3. 物质名词 ①is ①plays

二、名词的数

students buses stories lives photos

小试牛刀

plays matches maths beliefs halves heroes radios tomatoes kilos Germans

练习

第一组1-5 CBCBD 6-10 CACCC

第二组1-5 DBCDB 6-11 ACBDAC

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