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comparison between English and Chinese (1)

comparison between English and Chinese (1)
comparison between English and Chinese (1)

Topic 6 A Comparative Study of Chinese and English (Part I)

Teaching aims: to learn about the similarities and differences of Chinese and English in word forming and? vocabulary so as to translate them accurately.

Main Language points:

1. Comparative studies of vocabulary in Chinese and English

2. Comparative studies of word forming in English and Chinese.

3. Techniques employed in translating the differences. Teaching emphasis: the techniques employed in translating the differences.

Teaching references:

1. 孙致礼. 新编英汉翻译教程[M]. 上外教出版社;彭长江. 英汉-汉英翻译教程[M]. 湖南师大出版社;

2. 冯伟年,最新简明英语翻译教程[M],世界图书出版公司,2001

3. 陈宏薇,新编汉英翻译教程[M].上海外语教育出版社,2004

4. 张培基,《英汉翻译教程》,上海外语教育出版社,1983

Teaching methods: Analysis and Practice

Time arrangement: 2 periods

I. Lexical Comparison of Chinese and English

1、Comparison of script(文字对比):

English (alphabetic script)(只有词)

Chinese (ideographic-oriented syllabic script): (有字又有词)

象形字(pictograph),指事字(indicative character),会意字(associative character),形声字(morpheme-phonetic character)

2、Comparison of pronunciation

Chinese ( tonal language)

English (intonation language)

3、Comparison of word formation(见书上P36-41汉英)

4、Difference of morphology

English 有屈折变化(inflections):性、数、格、时、体、态、语气、人称、比较级等;Chinese 没有形态变化,但有量词(动量词)、语气词、形态助词;

II. Semantic comparison of Chinese and English(词义对比)

A、the meanings of the word(词的意义方面):

1、英语中有些词所表示的意义,在汉语里可以找到完全对应的词来表达。(semantic correspondence)

专用名词、术语和事物名称。如:

The U.S. State Department (美国国务院);萨斯SARS(Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome);Aids (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) ;直升飞机;太平洋

2、英语中有些词与汉语中有些词在词义上只有部分对应。(partly semantic correspondence) 大象、龙

marriage,gun,uncle,aunt,bother,morning 等。

3、英语中有些词所表示的意义,目前在汉语里还找不到最后确定的对应词来表达。(semantic

zero)Examples:

mascon (mass concentration)(表示月球表层下高密度的)物质聚积,beddo(一种多用途的)床,overkill过度杀伤力,现又指表示宣传活动等方面不必要的过度行为,plumber特工,又称“管子工”(美国调查政府雇员泄密事件的特工)。再如:21 grams.

文房四宝:

the four treasures of the study (writing brush, inkstick, inkstone and paper)

乌纱帽:

an official post

4、英语中有许多词一词多义,其所表示的各个意义,分别与汉语中几个不同的词或词组对应。

如: 1、a soft drug

2、soft intelligence

3、soft money

4、soft drink

5、soft fire

6、soft water

1、毒性较轻的麻醉剂;软性麻醉毒品

2、非百分之百可靠的,不充分的情报

3、纸币

4、软饮料

5、文火

6、软水(不含矿物盐类而易溶解肥皂的水);

B. The possible collocation of the word词的搭配能力方面:英语和汉语在词的搭配能力方面有很大的差异。英语的搭配能力比汉语强,如:

cut (wheat, finger-nails, cake )

(英译汉时须考虑译文中词的搭配必须符合汉语的习惯)

C. the word order(词序方面):英、汉语句子中主要成分主语、谓语动词、宾语或表语的词序基本上是一致的。但是各种定语的位置和各种状语的次序在英、汉语中则有同有异,变化较多,所以英汉词序的比较主要指定语、状语位置异同的比较。

1)The pressure is almost as heavy on students who just want to graduate and get a job.

对于那些只想毕业后找份工作的学生来说, 压力也一样不小。

2)In the spirit of frankness which I hope will characterize our talks this week, let us recognize at the outset these points: we have at times in the past been enemies. We have great differences today. What brings us together is that we have common interests which transcend these differences.

我希望我们在本周的会谈将会是坦诚的。让我们从一开始就承认以下几点:过去的一些时期内我们曾经是敌人。今天我们仍有着巨大的分歧。但我们之所以走到一起,是因为我们的共同利益超过这些分歧。

3)March is the month God created to show people who don’t drink what a hangover is like.

上帝创造三月,目的在于让那些未曾醉过的人体会体会沉醉的感觉。

4)我们为顾全大局1于同年2秋末3在第三方的调停下4开诚布公地5多次6强烈7要求贵方赔偿我们的一切损失。

With the third party acting as an intermediary 4,to take the interest of the whole into account

1,we strongly 7demand with frankness and sincerity 5many times6 at end of the autumn3 of the same year 2that you should compensate all our losses.

5)这三个县经历了那场1中国2七十年代3第四次4极为严重的5遍及数省的6自然7灾害。

The three counties underwent the1 fourth4 most serious 5natural 7disaster that plagued several provinces 6in China 2in the 1970’s3.

D. Translating Strategies

1.英语的词汇有形态变化,英语通过词汇的形态变化,表示句子丰富多彩的语言关系和逻辑关系。而汉语基本没有形态变化,它主要靠词语、词序及暗含逻辑关系来表达句子的语言意义。

主要对策:翻译英语的形态变化时,汉语一般用加词或变换说法的办法来表示。如:(1)前置的时态副词:过去、曾经、已经、现在、正在、将要……;

(2)附着的时态助词:过、着、了、起来……

(3)后置的时态语气词:了,来着……

Examples:

1) They told me that Professor Liu would have been teaching here for twenty years by this winter. 译:他们说到今年冬天时刘教授在这里教书快(就)要满二十年了。

2)Oxford is much smaller in numbers, for example, than the State University of Minnesota, and is much poorer. It has, or had till yesterday, fewer students than the University of Toronto.

例如,牛津大学在校学生数比明尼苏达州立大学要少多了,也穷多了。牛津的在校学生数无论现在还是过去都比多伦多大学少。

3)? I could have laughed to hear him talk like this.

听到他这样讲话,我差点儿笑出来了。

量词与动量词

A red sun rose slowly from the calm sea.

He had a rest after walking ten miles.

Yesterday they had a big quarrel.

语气词(见书上)

2.英语的名词、介词、形容词、副词表达能力强,在句子中特别活跃;汉语的动词、词组和短句构成了汉语的优势。

主要对策:翻译英譯的名词、介词、形容词、副词时,一般应把它们从英语的外形束缚中解放出来,译成比较灵活的汉语对应成份。如:

1)What can easily be seen in is poems are his imagery and originality, power and range.

译:他的诗形象生动,独具一格,而且气势磅礴,这是显而易见的。

2)The kaleidoscope of shifting interests made it impossible to sort out the “winners”and “losers”.

译:各国的利益变化不定,好像万花筒一样,这就使人难以分辨出究竟谁是“胜者”,谁是“输家”。

3)一星期没洗澡,一身臭汗。

I am smelling of seven-day-old sweat.

4)The man who is above his business may one day find his business above him.

(英语的介词短语译成汉语时,往往要借助于汉语的动词、短语或短句。)

译:不屑于干自己工作的人,终会有一天发现自己不配干那份工作。

5)I am much abroad in my guess.

(英语的许多形容词表现力很强,可以携带丰富的信息,表达复杂的内容。)

我大错特错。

6)Jordan can not politely turn down the invitation to an Arab foreign ministers conference.

(英语的副词表现力也很强。有些副词由于信息载量大,译为汉语时可以独立成句。)

约旦若拒绝接受阿拉伯外交会议的邀请,它在礼貌上也说不过去。

3.英语用词力戒重复,常常用替代、省略和变换的表达方法避免重复;汉语用词不怕重复,常常运用实称、还原和复说的表达方法。如:

1)Translation from English into Chinese is not so easy as that from English into French.

译:英译汉不如英译法容易。

2)During his visit to China, the Korean foreign minister conferred with his Chinese counterpart a number of times.

译:在中国访问期间,韩国外交部长与中国外交部长举行了数次会商。

III. Assignments

1、Bilingual readings:密云事故(p.87)(E-C & C-E)

2、Translating Knowledge and Strategies:“译语中没有完全对应的词语或对应词语不合习惯怎么办?”(p.137) (E-C & C-E)

3、Read Chapter 5 in E-C (p67-80)(翻译的语言对比规律);汉英语言对比(C-E)p33-47

4、Translate the following sentences and short passage:

1)要不断调整投资和消费的关系,增加消费对经济增长的拉动作用。

2)继续加大对“三农”的支持力度,保持农业和农村发展的好势头。

The United States is a varied land——of forests, deserts, mountains, high flat lands and fertile plains. Almost every kind of climate may be found, but the country lies mostly in the temperate zone. Including the states of Alaska and Hawaii, the United States covers an area of 9 million square kilometers. The continental United States stretches 4,500 kilometers from the Atlantic Ocean on the east to the Pacific Ocean on the west. It borders Canada on the north, and reaches south to Mexico and the Gulf of Mexico.

Keys:

1) The relationship between investment and consumption has to be adjusted accordingly whenever necessary so as to enhance the stimulative impact of consumption on the growth of the economy.

2) Renewed efforts a re needed to increase support for the “three rurals”, namely the rural economy, rural community and rural residents, and the momentum for the development of agriculture production and rural community must be maintained.

美国是一个地形多样的国家——有森林、沙漠、山脉、平坦的高地和肥沃的平原。境内有各种气候,但是美国的大部分处在温带。把阿拉斯加和夏威夷两个州加在一起,美国的总面积达9百万平方公里。美国大陆东起大西洋,西至太平洋,横跨4,500公里。北面与加拿大接壤,南面与墨西哥和墨西哥湾毗邻。

Topic 7 A Comparative Study of Chinese and English Language (Part II)

Teaching aims: to learn about the linguistic differences of Chinese and English so as to translate them accurately.

Main Language points:

Comparative studies of? syntactic structure in Chinese and English

Difficult teaching points: hypotactic & paratactic; subject-prominent & topic prominent; static & dynamic .

Teaching references:

1. 方梦之. 翻译新论与实践[M]. 青岛出版社,2002

2. 孙致礼. 新编英汉翻译教程[M]. 上外教出版社;彭长江. 英汉-汉英翻译教程[M]. 湖南师大出版社;

3. 陈宏薇,新编汉英翻译教程[M].上海外语教育出版社,2004

4. 许建平. 英汉互译实践与技巧[M]. 清华大学出版社,2002

Teaching methods: Analysis and Practice

Time arrangement: 2 periods

What are the major differences between the English and Chinese languages?

I. Hypotactic vs Paratactic

As E. A. Nida points out in his “Translating Meaning”, …so far as English and Chinese are concerned, the most important difference linguistically is the contrast between hypotaxis and parataxis.

Hypotaxis: The dependent or subordinate construction or relationship of clauses arranged with connectives;

E.g. I shall despair if you don’t come .(The American Heritage Dictionary, p.649 )

Parataxis: The arranging of clauses one after the other without connectives showing the relation between them; e.g.

The rain fell; the river flooded; the houses were washed away. (The world Book Dictionary, p. 1513)

Examples:

1. That is our policy and that is our declaration.

——W. Churchill

这就是我们的国策。这就是我们的宣言。

2. First, we make clear what is doing the travelling —— a car, a bus, a plane or whatever it may be.

首先,我们要搞清旅行工具,例如小汽车、公共汽车、飞机或别的可用工具。

3. 发展体育运动,增强人民体质。

Promote physical culture, and build up People’s health.

4. 东海缺少白玉床,龙王请来金陵王。

If the Dragon King wants a white jade bed, he applies to the Wangs of Jinling, it’s said.

P.53(C-E)

II. Complex vs Simplex

As English is hypotactic, more often than not, syntactic devices are employed in the formation of sentences. In normal writings people use much more complex sentences than simple ones. The English complex sentences are often like chains with clauses linking clauses. On the other hand, the Chinese sentences or clauses tend to be short and simple in structure. They are flowing and? simplex, with one clause following the other rather in a line.

(化英语长句为汉语的短句)

Illustrative examples:

1. The moon is so far from the earth that even if huge trees were growing on the mountains and elephants were walking about, we could not see them through the most powerful telescopes which have yet been invented. (tree structure)

月球离地球非常遥远,即使那边山上长着大树,有大象在移动,我们用当今发明的最高倍率的望远镜,也不能看见它们。(bamboo structure)

2. As we lived near the road, we often had the traveler or stranger visit us to taste our gooseberry wine, for which we had great reputation, and I confess, with the veracity of an historian, that I never knew one of them to find fault with it.

我们就住在路边,过路人或外乡人常到我们这里,尝尝我们家酿的醋栗酒。这种酒很有名气。我敢说,尝过的人,从没有挑剔过。我这话像历史学家的话一样靠得住。

3. 蒲松龄生活在清朝,贪官污吏肆虐,真正有才华的人得不到重用。

Pu Songling lived in a time when most of the Qing officials were so unjust and corrupt that true talents without money to pay a bribe could never hope to be given the opportunity to demonstrate their learning.

4. 文章做到极处,无有他奇,只有恰好;人品做到极处,无有他异,只有本然。

——洪应明:菜根谭

When a piece of writing reaches the acme of perfection it is not because it contains some miraculous ingredient, but because it is written in exactly the right way. When a man refines his moral character to the point of perfection he does so not with the aid of any magic formula but by letting his pure inborn mature shine forth.

III. End-weight vs Top-heavy

In an English sentence, the shorter elements usually go before longer ones in arrangement order, thus the weight of the sentence is put at the end, and the whole sentence looks like a pyramid. That also explain why there are so many inverted sentences in English. The arrangement of a Chinese sentence seems quite the opposite, where the important elements are often said at the beginning of a sentence. So it looks like an inverted pyramid or triangle.?

Illustrative examples:

1. Gone are the days when we Chinese people depended on foreign steel.

中国人民靠洋钢的日子已一去不复返了。

2. Before them lay miles of miles of beautiful plain with lots of wild animals among the grass.

美丽的草原,茵茵的绿草,野生动物成群结队,绵延数英里,展现在眼前。

3. 普通人在办公处和家庭中使用电子计算机的时代已经到来。

The time has come when ordinary people can use electronic computers both in the office and at home.

4. 学科技、学英语,对社会主义现代化建设很重要。

It is important to study English as well as science and technology for our socialist modernization drive.

IV. Subject-prominent vs Topic-prominent

In an English sentence, prominence is usually given to the subject. There are five basic sentence patterns in English: SV, SVC, SVO, SVO1O2, SVOC, all with SV as its essentials. We can venture to

say that an English sentence is built on the subject-predict-pivot, with the subject and predicate in agreement. On the other hand, a Chinese sentence often lays emphasis on the thought or notion, so it is based on the thought pivot.

Illustrative examples:

1. A dialect is known by every linguist in this room.

有一种方言这间屋子里的每个语言学家都懂得。

2. You don’t grow the grain you eat and you don’t make the clothes you wear.

你吃的粮食不是你自己种的,你穿的衣服也不是你自己做的。

3. 1978年改革开放开始了。

The year 1978 saw the beginnings of the reform and opening to the outside world.

4. 我们的事业从胜利走向胜利。

We have won one victory after another for our cause. Or: A series of victories have been won for our cause.

V. Static vs Dynamic

English tends to use less verbs than Chinese. In a simple English sentence or in an English clause, only one verb is used as the predicate of the sentence or clause. In a Chinese sentence, a number of verbs can be used as its predicate at the same time, so we may say that the Chinese is rather “dynamic” while the English is “static”.

Illustrative examples:

1. A mastery of Chinese and English is essential for E-C or C-E translation.

做英汉/汉英翻译必须掌握好汉语与英语。

2. Engineering design is a decision-making process used for the development of engineering for which there is a human need.

工程设计是为发展人类所需工程而作决定的过程。

3. 再走几步就到实验大楼了。

A few steps will bring you to the laboratory building./ Walk a few steps and you will reach the lab building.

4. 我国科学研究发展的特点是理论联系实际。

The development of scientific research in our country is characterized by the combination/ link of theory with practice.

VI. Impersonal vs Personal (Inanimate vs Animate)

In an English sentence, the choice of its subject often falls on the inanimate or the thing that is not living. For example, it would be preferable to say “There are eight people in his family.” than “He has eight people in his family.” This special feature of English is especially shown in writings in formal style such as news reports or scientific essays. On the other hand, we Chinese tend to pick up animate things or persons to function as the subject of a sentence.

Illustrative examples:

1. There is a touch of rough poetry about him.

他这人还有那么点诗意呢。

2. Bitterness fed on the man who had made the world laugh. (N. Grove writing about Chaplin) 这位曾使全世界人发笑的人自己却饱受辛酸。

3.他(徐霞客)……发现了许多奇山秀景;他常常选择不同的时间和季节多次重游各地名

山……

The reward for his work was the discovery of many fantastically beautiful scenes. Famous mountains in various places would find him coming back for revisits during different seasons.

4. 闲人免进。

Only for business!

(Don’t say: Man with no business not allowed to get in. / No admission for man with nothing to do. / Visitors, stop here!)

Practice:

1. He got his haberdashery at Charvet’s but his suits, his shoes and his hats in Lo ndon.

2. You don’t grow the grain you eat and you don’t make the clothes you wear.

3. The girl was used to this kind of dialogue for breakfast and more of? it for dinner.

4.The constant sunshine and mild climate of southern California made it an ideal site for shooting motion pictures.

Assignments:

1. Bilingual reading: in E-C & C- E? p.104

2. Read: 翻译知识与对策:怎么知道一个词语用哪个意思?p. 108 (E-C and C-E); 汉英句法对比p.49-54(C-E);句法差异P.73-77 (E-C)

3. Translate the following:

1) Do you see the glass as half full rather than half empty? Do you keep your eye upon the doughnut, not upon the hollow? Suddenly these cliches are scientific questions, as researchers scrutinize the power of positive thinking.

2) 他饮他的花酒,我喝我的清茶。人生需要一种境界:自我安定。面对别人的成功与荣耀,我喝我的清茶,我明白那掌声已有所属,匆匆忙忙赶过去,不会有成功等着你,还是自己再创业绩吧,跟着别人永远只能摸着成功的尾巴。

Keys:

盛有半杯水的杯子,你是否只考虑它有水的一半,而不管那没水的一半?空心的面包圈,你是否只盯着那圈面包,而不去理会那个空心?这些老生常谈的问题,在研究人员考察积极思维的作用时,却突然具有了科学意义。

(提出话题,再设问。)

Human life, it seems to me, needs a placidity of mind. Whi le others may be wining and dining, I’m content with plain tea.

Not dazzled by other people’s aura of success and glamour, I’ll indulge in my simple pleasure. Clearly aware where the credit goes, I won’t join in the rush in the vain hope of accepting the prize to be handed to me on a plate. The best a blind follower can do is tailing after the winners. The only alternative is to create wonders of one’s own.

“花酒”:a dinner party with singsong girls in attendance.

“清茶”:green tea / tea served without refreshment

Topic 8 A Comparative Study of Chinese and English (Part III)

Teaching aims: to learn about the linguistic differences of Chinese and English so as to translate them accurately.

Main Language points:

Comparative studies of? Chinese and English text

Difficult teaching points: successful transfer of C-E and E-C text

Teaching references:

1. 方梦之. 翻译新论与实践[M]. 青岛出版社,2002

2. 孙致礼. 新编英汉翻译教程[M]. 上外教出版社;彭长江. 英汉-汉英翻译教程[M]. 湖南师大出版社;

3. 陈宏薇,新编汉英翻译教程[M].上海外语教育出版社,2004

4. 李运兴. 英汉语篇翻译[M].清华大学出版社,2000.

5.居祖纯. 高级汉英语篇翻译[M]. 清华大学出版社, 2000

Teaching methods: Analysis and Practice

Time arrangement: 2 periods

Comparative studies of E & C text

(Practice)

I. Information structure

English is subject-predicate. And it’s emphasis is laid on its form and function. So?English sentence is built on the subject-predicate-pivot, with the subject and predicate in agreement. On the other hand, Chinese is topic-prominent. It’s emphasis is laid on the meaning and function. a Chinese sentence often lays emphasis on the thought or notion, so it is based on the thought-pivot.

1. He got his haberdashery at Charvet’s, but his suits, his shoes and his hats in London.

普通的服饰买自夏费商店,可衣服鞋帽总要在伦敦买。

2. The girl was used to this kind of dialogue for breakfast and more of it for dinner.

这类话不仅早餐有,午餐更多,这姑娘早就习惯了。

3. The constant sunshine and mild climate of southern California made it an ideal site for shooting motion pictures.

加利福尼亚州南部阳光充足,气候宜人,是拍摄影片的理想场所。

4. Mere chance seemed to determine who lived and who died.

究竟谁死谁活,似乎只由一种偶然性决定。

常常将英语句中的宾语转换为汉语的话题。

5. I do not pretend that the conversation I have recorded can be regarded as verbatim reports. I never kept notes of what was said on this or the other occasion, but I have a good memory for what concerns me, and though I have put this conversation in my own words they faithfully represent, I believe, what was said.

书中人的谈话,我并不要假充是逐字逐句的记载。在这或其他的场合下,人家的谈话我从不记录下来。可是,与我有关的事我记得很清楚。所以,虽则是我写的,敢说能忠实地反映他们的谈话。

6. 我们的国家大,人口众多,经济落后,农业要搞上去,最重要的还是要依靠一系列正确的政策调动农民的积极性,自力更生,艰苦奋斗。

Agriculture advance in so vast a country , with such a large population and backward economy as in China, requires above all else mobilizing, by means of a series correct policies, the initiative of the farmers to work hard and self-reliantly.

7. 要正确处理改革、发展、稳定三者的关系。发展是目的,改革是动力,稳定是前提。The relationship between reform, development and stability should be handled correctly. Development is the purpose, reform is the motivity and stability the premise.

The relationship between reform, development and stability should be handled correctly, taking development as the aim; reform? the motive force and the stability the prerequisite.

8. 中国的野生动物,种类繁多,堪称世界种群量最多的国家之一,拥有4,400种脊椎动物,占世界分布总量的百分之十强。

China is home to one of the world’s most diverse populations of wild animals with its 4,400 species of vertebrates, accounting for over 10 percent of the world- wide total.

II. 指代关系的理解

代词是语篇中的重要衔接手段。英语使用代词的频率比汉语高,英语中的代词常无须译出或以名词的形式在汉语中再现。这就要求译者对代词的指称有一个明晰的理解。

1. It had been damaged; when he lifted it, he heard something clink feebly inside. He set it back on the ground.

那东西摔坏了。他拿起来,听见里面叮当作响,就又放回地上。

2. Cary Sloane’s body was found next morning on the lower shelf of a pillar of Queensboro Bridge. In the darkness and in his excitement he had thought that it was the water flowing black beneath him, but in less than a second it made no possible difference ——unless he had planned to think one last thought of Edna, and call out her name as he struggled feebly in the water.

原译:第二天早上,卡里?斯隆的尸体在昆斯波萝桥桥墩下面的一个架子上被发现了。一方面因为是在黑暗中,一方面也因为他太激动,他以为水黑黑地在他下面流过,可是不到一秒种,这就不可能有什么不同了——除非他打算再最后想念一下埃德娜,并且在水中软弱无力地做最后挣扎的时候呼唤她的名字。……他误以为那桥墩架子就是脚下流过的黑乎乎的河水……。Cary误将桥墩上的架子当成了水面,于是冲着架子跳下去,结果是摔死,而不是淹死,死这一点是相同的,不同的是摔死是立即死亡,淹死还会挣扎一会儿,最后想念一下心上人。

3. To parliamentarians trained in British terminology, “the government” means the cabinet: a group of th e legislature’s own members, chosen by it to devise public policies, to manage the legislature’s major activities, and to exercise executive powers.

原译:对于那些受英国术语熏陶的议员们,“政府”指的是内阁,是立法机构本身的一批成员,由内阁任命来制定公共政策,对付议会的重大活动并行使权力。

it 指的是legislature, 而不是cabinet.

由立法机构任命……

III. 信息焦点的调整

1. The day is not far off when we shall have to plunge back in search of the wisdom of the people. 我们必须猛回头来寻求人民的智慧,这日子已经不远了.

2. You can get a good deal of fun out of observing the course of events in which you are no longer intimately concerned.

你可以冷眼观察一些和你不再密切相关的事态发展,从中得到乐趣.

3. Generally, there are two distinct philosophies on how to bring up the child so that in maturity he does not make a nuisance of himself.

怎样教养儿童才能使他长大成人后不致惹是生非/令人讨厌. 关于这个问题, 概括起来有两种截然不同的理论.

4. It is not a free labour market, but a stagnating(不流动/不景气) economy that threatens employment.

影响就业的不是自由的劳动市场,而是停滞不前的经济.

5. The solution to the problem of Southern Africa cannot remain forever hostage to the political maneuvres and tactical delays by South Africa nor to its transparent proposals aimed at procrastination and the postpone-ment of the solution.?

不管南非耍政治花招和策略上的拖延手段,还是提出显然旨在拖延问题解决的建议,都不能永远阻档南部非洲问题的解决.

IV. 叙事和描写的合与分

1. Following him down the musty corridor of the gloomy French hotel where Ausable had a room, Fowler felt disappointed.

译文1: 福勒跟着奥萨布尔走过他租了一个房间的阴暗的法国旅馆的发霉的走廊,感到十分失望.

译文2: 奥萨布尔住在一家阴暗的法国旅馆里, 旅馆的通道中充满发霉气味. 福勒跟着他走过通道, 感到很失望.

2. There was a troubled frown on his weather-beaten face, which had been disfigured (spoiled) by scares from a high way accident in which Rosealie’s parents had been killed.

他心事重重,双眉紧锁,饱经风霜的脸上疤痕累累,显得很难看. 这伤疤是一次车祸留下的,罗莎莉小姐的双亲就死于那次事故.

3. During the whole of a dull, dark, and soundless day in the autumn of the year, when the clouds hung oppressively low in the heavens, I had been passing alone, on horseback, through a singularly dreary tract of country.

是年秋天某日,天气阴沉,昏暗而又寂静,云层低压,令人窒息。整整一天,我独自一人策马行进,穿过一条异常沉闷的乡间小路。

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