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浅谈英语省略句

浅谈英语省略句
浅谈英语省略句

浅谈英语省略句

在英语口语和书面表达中,为了避免重复,突出新信息或使上下文衔接密切,常使用省略句。省略句使用恰当,可达到长话短说、简洁明快的修辞效果。掌握了省略句的方法,对理解句子、写作和翻译都大有益处。英语省略句的使用范围主要有下面几种情况:

一、省略主语、谓语或谓语的一部分、宾语,或者两个或多个句子成分同时省略

例如:

(1)承前省略

在并列句中,如果后面分句中与前面分句有相同的词,就常给省略掉,以避免重复。如:

1.He majors in German and his sister,in French.他主修德语,而他妹妹(姐姐)主修法语。(his sister与in French之间省去了majors)

2.I tried to see it their way,but I can’t.我设法以他们的方式看待这事,但我办不到。(句末省去了see it their way)

(2)接后省略

在英语句子中,如果前面的句子成分与后面的句子成分的宾语、主语补语或主动词及补足成分相同,便省略前面成分中的宾语、主语补语或主动词及补足成分。如:

3.Let those who can serve as teachers.能者为师。(can之后省去了serve as teachers.)

4.I can’t tell real from imitation jewellery. 我辩别不出珠宝的真伪。(real之后省去了jewellery)

(3)状语从句的省略

在状语从句中,如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致,从句常用省略结构。如:

5.If not well managed,the shop can lose money. 如果管理不善,商店会赔本。(If之后省去了it is)

6.Once in the examination hall,he forgot about all this. 他一进考场,这一切他

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2. 特别提示 (1) there be结构的倒装句型中,除了be动词之外,there后还可接lie, live, seem to be等。如:There lived an old man in the village long long ago. 很久很久以前,村子里住着一位老人。 (2) here, there, now, then, up, down, away, out等副词位于句首,主语为代词时不到装。如:Away it flew. 它飞走了。 (3) 直接引语的一部分或全部位于句首,主句倒装,主句倒装,但是主语为代词时不倒装。如:“You have to finish it tonight,” she said. “今晚你必须完成它,”她说。 (4) so位于句首不倒装的情况:

① 主语与前句相同,表赞同,译为“确实如此”。如: — Mike studies hard. 迈克学习很刻苦。 — So he does. 确实是。 ② 表示前句内容也适用于另外的人或事,前句如果列举了两种事实以上,用“so it is/was with sb./sth.”回答。如: — Tom is kind and often helps those in trouble. 汤姆很友好,经常帮助处于困境中的人。 — So it is with his father. 他父亲也是。 (5) 使用as/though进行倒装时注意: ①句首有名词,名词不能带任何冠词。如:Child as he is, he can tell right from wrong. 尽管他是个孩子,却能够明辨是非。 ②句首是实义动词时,其他助动词则放在主语之后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语,则宾语和状语随实义动词一起放在主语之前。如: Try hard as he will, he never seems to be able to do the work satisfactorily. 虽然他尽力了,但他的工作总做得不尽如人意。 (6) not until位于句首的倒装结构中,如果是复合句,只有主句用倒装,从句不用。如: Not until he loses his health will he give up smoking. 他直到失去健康才会戒烟。 二、省略句 高考命题导向:省略是一种避免重复,保持简洁的语法手段。缺少一个或一个以上的必要语言成分,但在一定语境中能够独立存在,意义明确,并且能发挥交际功能的句子叫作省略句。高考主要是考查省略在固定结构中的运用。 省略句用法一览表:

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省略句 一、如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致,且从句的谓语含有be动词的某种形式 (am/is/are/was/were),可同时省略从句的主语和be动词的某种形式。 1、when,while引导的时间状语从句 e.g. Do be careful when (you are) crossing the street. When/While (I was) on my way to work, I met her. 2、if,unless,once引导的条件状语从句 e.g. If (it is) properly treated, waste will do no harm to the environment. I’ll not go to the party unless (I am) invited. Once (you are) caught stealing in a supermarket, you will be punished. 3、though,although,whether,no matter whether/what/how/who等引导 的让步状语从句 e.g. He was happy, though/although (he was) poor.

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