Henry David Thoreau

Henry David Thoreau

顾希1202090106 英师0901 1、Background[1]

Henry David Thoreau (July 12, 1817 –May 6, 1862) was an American author, poet, philosopher, abolitionist, naturalist, tax resister, development critic, surveyor, historian, and leading transcendentalist. He is best known for his book Walden, a reflection upon simple living in natural surroundings, and his essay Civil Disobedience, an argument for individual resistance to civil government in moral opposition to an unjust state.

Thoreau's books, articles, essays, journals, and poetry total over 20 volumes. Among his lasting contributions were his writings on natural history and philosophy, where he anticipated the methods and findings of ecology and environmental history, two sources of modern day environmentalism. His literary style interweaves close natural observation, personal experience, pointed rhetoric, symbolic meanings, and historical lore, while displaying a poetic sensibility, philosophical austerity, and "Yankee" love of practical detail. He was also deeply interested in the idea of survival in the face of hostile elements, historical change, and natural decay; at the same time he advocated abandoning waste and illusion in order to discover life's true essential needs.[2]

He was a lifelong abolitionist, delivering lectures that attacked the Fugitive Slave Law while praising the writings of Wendell Phillips and defending abolitionist John Brown. Thoreau's philosophy of civil disobedience later influenced the political thoughts and actions of such notable figures as Leo Tolstoy, Mohandas Gandhi, and Martin Luther King, Jr.

Thoreau is sometimes cited as an anarchist, though Civil Disobedience seems to call for improving rather than abolishing government –"I ask for, not at once no government, but at once a better government" –the direction of this improvement points toward anarchism: "'That government is best which governs not at all;' and when men are prepared for it, that will be the kind of government which they will have."[4] Richard Drinnon partly blames Thoreau for the ambiguity, noting that Thoreau's "sly satire, his liking for wide margins for his writing, and his fondness for paradox provided ammunition for widely divergent interpretations of 'Civil Disobedience.'"

2、Life

Henry David Thoreau (baptized David Henry Thoreau) was born on July 12, 1817 in Concord, Massachusetts, to John Thoreau and Cynthia Dunbar. He was the third of four children. He was named after a recently deceased paternal uncle, David Thoreau, but since everyone always called him Henry, he eventually changed his name to Henry David, although he never petitioned to make a legal name change. Henry's father was a businessman and active in the Concord Fire Society. His mother spent her time raising Henry and his three siblings, Helen, John and Sophia.

When Thoreau was sixteen, he entered Harvard College, where he was known as a serious though unconventional scholar. Henry's older siblings, Helen and John, Jr., were both schoolteachers. When it was decided that their brother should go to Harvard, as had his grandfather before him, they contributed from their teaching salaries to help pay his expenses. While at college, Thoreau studied Latin and Greek grammar and composition, and took classes in a wide variety of subjects, including mathematics, English, history, philosophy, and four different modern languages. During his Harvard years he was exposed to the writings of Ralph Waldo Emerson, who later became his chief mentor and friend.

After graduating in 1837 and into the early 1840s Thoreau was occupied as a schoolteacher and tutor. A canoe trip in 1839 convinced him that he should not pursue a schoolteacher's career but should instead aim to become established as a poet of nature. In 1841 he was invited to live in the Emerson household, where he remained intermittently until 1843. He served as handyman and assistant to Emerson, helping to edit and contributing poetry and prose to the transcendentalist magazine, The Dial.

Thoreau came to consider that he needed time and space to apply himself as a writer and on July 4, 1845, he moved into a small self-built house in a second-growth forest around the shores of Walden Pond. He stayed there for two years, two months and two days, sometimes traveling into Concord for supplies and eating with his family about once a week. Friends and family also visited him at his cabin, where he spent nearly every night. While at Walden, Thoreau did an incredible amount of reading and writing, and also spent much time sauntering in nature.

In July 1846, when Thoreau went into town to have a pair of shoes repaired, he was arrested for refusing to pay a poll tax meant to support America's war in Mexico. He spent a night in jail. His most famous essay, Civil Disobedience(published 1849), which in its call for passive resistance to unjust laws was to inspire Gandhi and Martin Luther King, Jr., was a result of this experience. The journal he kept at Walden became the source of his most famous book, Walden, Or Life in the Woods (1854), in which he set forth his ideas on how an individual should best live to be attuned to his own nature as well as to nature itself.

Thoreau left Walden Pond on September 6, 1847. After that, he resided again in Emerson's house (1847–1849) and then for the rest of his life in his family home. He occasionally worked at the pencil factory and did some surveying work. He also traveled to Canada, Cape Cod, and Maine - landscapes that inspired his "excursion" books - A Yankee in Canada, Cape Cod, and The Maine Woods. By the 1850s he had become greatly concerned over slavery, and, having met John Brown in 1857, wrote passionately in his defense.

Aware that he was dying of tuberculosis, Thoreau cut short his travels and returned to Concord, where he prepared some of his journals for publication. Although he never earned a substantial living by his writings, his works fill 20 volumes.

Thoreau died of tuberculosis on May 6, 1862, at the age of 44. He is buried on Authors' Ridge in Sleepy Hollow Cemetery in Concord, Massachusetts.

3、Works

Books by Henry David Thoreau:

Walden; or, Life in the Woods

Walden; or, Life in the Woods is a nonfiction book about Thoreau's experience at Walden Pond, near Concord, Massachusetts, from July 4, 1845, to September 6, 1847.

The Maine Woods

The Maine Woods is an account of three trips taken by boat and canoe; Ktaadn in 1846, Chesuncook in 1853 and Allegash and East Branch in 1857.

Cape Cod

Cape Cod is Thoreau's sunniest, happiest book. It describes several trips Thoreau made to Cape Cod between 1849 and 1855.

A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers

A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers is the narrative of a boating trip that Thoreau took with his brother in 1839 from Concord, Massachusetts, to Concord, New Hampshire.

A Yankee in Canada

A Yankee in Canada is a five-part description of Thoreau's 1850 trip to Canada: Concord to Montreal, Quebec and Montmorenci, St Anne.

Major essays by Henry D. Thoreau:

Civil Disobedience

Civil Disobedience or Resistance to Civil Government is an essay about the relationships between individual citizens and their government.

Slavery in Massachusetts

Slavery in Massachusetts is an essay based on a speech Thoreau gave at an anti-slavery rally at on July 4, 1854, after the reenslavement in Boston, Massachusetts of fugitive slave Anthony Burns.

Life Without Principle

Life Without Principle is an essay in which Thoreau condemns the American social system and job ladder.

A Walk to Wachusett

A Walk to Wachusett is an essay about a journey Thoreau took with Richard Fuller, from Concord to the summit of Mount Wachusett located in Princeton, Massachusetts.

A Winter Walk

A Winter Walk is an essay that deals with relationship with nature. It describes a walk taken by Thoreau during the winter.

Walking

Walking is an essay on experiencing the natural world.

Natural History of Massachusetts

Natural History of Massachusetts is a half book review, half natural history essay, consisting of revised passages from Thoreau's journal.

The Succession of Forest Trees

The Succession of Forest Trees is an essay in which Thoreau analyzes aspects of forest ecology and urges farmers to plant trees in natural patterns of succession.

Autumnal Tints

Autumnal Tints is Thoreau classic essay about nature. Autumnal Tints describes the colors of New England fall.

Wild Apples

Wild Apples is an essay bemoaning the destruction of indigenous and wild apple species.

Other Essays

A Plea for Captain John Brown, Paradise (to be) Regained, Reform and the Reformers, Sir Walter Raleigh, The Highland Light, Aulus Persius Flaccus, Dark Ages, Herald of Freedom, Night and Moonlight.

4、Literary views[3]

Transcendentalism

opposed to the rationalist/ Unitarianism

universe: the soul&nature

belief in the reliability of the human conscience

based upon conviction of the immanence

"The only obligation which I have a right to assume, is to do at any time what I think right." Henry David Thoreau, Civil Disobedience, 1866

"There was somewhat military in his nature, not to be subdued, always manly and able, but rarely tender, as if he did not feel himself except in opposition." Ralph Waldo Emerson, Thoreau [Eulogy, 1862]

Individualism

"any man more right than his neighbors, constitutes a majority of one." Civil Disobedience practiced this view in his own life consistently

encouraged others to assert their individuality, each in his or her own way

independent, well-considered action arose naturally from a questing attitude of mind

savoured solitude

materialism

"Most of the luxuries, and many of the so called comforts of life, are not only not indispensable, but positive hinderances to the elevation of mankind." Walden, Chapter I: Economy

"a man is rich in proportion to the number of things which he can afford to let alone." Walden, Chapter II: Where I Lived and What I Lived for

"simplicity, simplicity, simplicity." Walden, Chapter II: Where I Lived and What I Lived for Anarchism

"I ask for, not at once no government, but at once a better government." Civil Disobedience

"'That government is best which governs not at all;' and when men are prepared for it, that will be the kind of government which they will have." Civil Disobedience

4、Literary style

(Thoreau’s style is) more primitive and Homeric than any American, his style of thinking was robust, racy, as if Nature herself had built his sentences and seasoned the sense of his paragraphs with his own vigor and salubrity. Nothing can be spared from them; there is nothing superfluous; all is compact, concrete, as Nature is. — Bronson Alcott

Lucid, simply wrought, and unpretentious

Told by a credible and forthright first person narrator who seeks to give the truth of his experience at Walden Pond

As innovative and free as his social thought; A private writer hungering for a large audience; Prophetic V oice

A subtle punster and ironist

Using poetic device in a casual and easygoing tone

Allusion

Direct forceful sentence

Conversational in tone

Humor

Proverbial expressions

Brief tales, fables and allegories

Metaphors

5、Place in literary history

the father of environmental movement

influenced a number of public figures:

political leaders and reformers: Mahatma Gandhi, President John F. Kennedy, Martin Luther King, Leo Tolstoy

artists and authors: William Butler Yeats, Ernest Hemingway, Frank Lloyd Wright. naturalists: John Burroughs, John Muir, E. O. Wilson, Henry Stephens Salt

"Events that seem to be completely unrelated to his stay at Walden Pond have been influenced by it, including the national park system, the British labor movement, the creation of India, the civil rights movement, the hippie revolution, the environmental movement, and the wilderness movement. Today, Thoreau's words are quoted with feeling by liberals, socialists, anarchists, libertarians, and conservatives alike."—Ken Kifer ( a writer, bicyclist and webmaster; also a Walden scholar and admirer of Henry David Thoreau)

"one of the greatest and most moral men America has produced."""[Thoreau's] ideas influenced me greatly. I adopted some of them and recommended the study of Thoreau to all of my friends who were helping me in the cause of Indian Independence."—Mahatma Gandhi

"I became convinced that noncooperation with evil is as much a moral obligation as is cooperation with good. No other person has been more eloquent and passionate in getting this idea across than Henry David Thoreau. As a result of his writings and personal witness, we are the heirs of a legacy of creative protest. The teachings of Thoreau came alive in our civil rights movement; indeed, they are more alive than ever before." —Martin Luther King, Jr

Notes:

[2] Henry David Thoreau: A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers / Walden / The Maine Woods / Cape Cod, by Henry David Thoreau, Library of America, ISBN 0-940450-27-5

[3] https://www.sodocs.net/doc/5f846757.html,/view/d083268984868762caaed5f9.html?from=rec&pos=0&weight=16 &lastweight=3&count=5

欧亨利短篇小说的主题思想和语言特点_英文_

大 众 文 艺大58 day forward, Buck lived for that man. After being with this man for quite some time, Buck started to hear a call from far away. He started paying more and more attention to this call. He went out for days at a time searching for its source. This call was the call of the wild. He had a will to go off and be with other dogs. He felt the urge to be free from man and catch his own food. One day, Buck finally left for good. He was excepted by a pack of wolves who treated him like a wolf himself. And so the transformation was complete. Buck had changed from a dog, to a beast of nature. Bibliographies [1] London Jack. The Call of the Wild. [M]New York: Airmont Publishing Co. Inc, 1964. [2] Pizer, Donald. American Realism and Naturalism. [M]Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2000.[3]The New Encyclopaedia Britannica, 15th ed.1993. [4]蒋承勇(主编). 欧美自然主义文学的现代阐释.[M]上海：复旦大学出版社,2002 [5]柳鸣九.自然主义大师佐拉.[M]上海：上海文艺出版社,1989 作者简介 孙海晶（1983年-），女，满族，河北省遵化市人，北京第二外国语院，英语专业 O’Henry, one of the three most famous short-story writers in the world, enjoys equal status with Chekhov and Maupassant. His short stories are famous for its unexpected ending, as well as their exquisite conception. O’Henry’s sympathy for the poor social underdogs, his eulogy of human virtues and exposure of human evils are highlighted as the keynote of his works. Humanity endows his works with perpetual artistic charm. His short stories are typically American, portraying various types of people in the United States. 1 The Main Theme of O’Henry’s Works 1.1Human Virtues In his works, O’Henry presents the panorama of the American people to readers with ironic and humorous tone. O’Henry is sympathetic with the poor; he praises the human virtues and denounces human defeats. Humanity, as the eternal theme of O’Henry’s works, endows his works with perpetual artistic charm. Human being has many virtues from ancient times to the present. They are kind, brave, honest, hard-working, polite, thrifty, generous, and hospitable and so on. Some people pay a great deal in order to maintain these virtues, they sacrifice their own happiness even life for the lofty love and friendship; they help others without asking for rewards and regard it as a pleasure; they give up their own treasure and chance to others etc. Such people bring love and fine things to the world; they are the ones who endow the world with light and hope. 1.2 Human Evils Human beings have many defects, too. Sometimes they are lazy, rapacious, gluttonous, officious, vain, arrogant, shameless, cowardly, impetuous etc. They benefit themselves at the expense of others, they never show mercy and sympathy to the poor in order to make money, they realize their own aims by hook or by crook etc. Their evil deeds make the world vicious. By exposing the human defects and the dark sides of the world, O’Henry wants to awaken people’s conscience and deepest desire for all good things, so that people can use their efforts to save and cleanse the whole world. 2 Features of Language of O’Henry’s Works 2.1 Figure of Speech 2.1.1 Metaphor In O’Henry’s writings, metaphor is another feature which is worth mention. “A symbol differs from a metaphor in that its application is left open as an unstated suggestion, whereas the metaphor ties a concrete image to an identifiable abstract quality.” The image in metaphor represents specific meaning. But the symbolic image remains indeterminate in its possible meanings; it is usually a substantial image in its own right, around which further significances may gather according to differing interpretations. The metaphor under discussion here does not mean that as a rhetorical device or figure of speech, though the metaphorical sentences as wonderful as the one “Manhattan, the night-blooming cereus, was beginning to unfold its dead-white, heavy-odored petals” teem in O’Henry’s short stories. What is to be probed is the metaphor exploited as a skill in story-writing. In the third branch of Roads of Destiny, the hero David Mig not is a shepherd, but he is too indulged in writing poems to take enough care of his sheep. The flock steadily grows smaller and his wife keeps on complaining. Then one of his friends introduces him to a learned man called Georges Bril, David asks Monsieur Bril to read his poems, because he wants to know if he shall write more or give his attention to his sheep. When Monsieur Bril has read all the verses, he concludes that David has no talent for poem-writing. In order to tell the harsh truth in a mild way, he asks David to look at the crow in the tree. Instead of commenting on the poems directly, Monsleur Bril praises the crow that is content with his lot. In this metaphorical way he advises David tactfully not to try to write poems any more. David sees the point and feels discouraged. He goes back home and thrusts his poems into the stove. Hearing the rustle of the 欧亨利短篇小说的主题思想和语言特点 张明洋1 刘映雪2 （1.长安大学 人文学院 西安 710064 2.沈阳师范大学 旅游管理学院 沈阳 110034） 【摘 要】欧亨利是美国二十世纪初期最著名的短篇小说家之一。他的作品有趣而又意味深长，反映了当时美国的社会现实。并且他的作品因其奇巧的艺术构思，出其不意的结尾而著称。他的作品散发人性美与人情美的芳香。本论文将分析欧亨利作品的主题思想以及从修辞层面和写作技巧方面分析他的作品的语言特点。 【关键词】欧亨利；短篇小说；主题思想；语言特点 【Abstract】O’Henry is one of the greatest American short story writers of the 20th century. His short stories, depicting American society of his time, are both interesting and thought-provoking. And his short stories are famous for its unexpected ending, as well as their exquisite conception. His works was full of the beauty of human nature and the human interest. This thesis intends to analyze the main themes and features of O’Henry’s works from rhetoric aspect and writing techniques. 【Keywords】 O’Henry；short story；main theme；features of language 文艺评论

欧亨利短篇小说的主题思想和语言特点-英文-

大众文艺58day forward, Buck lived for that man. After being with this man for quite some time, Buck started to hear a call from far away. He started paying more and more attention to this call. He went out for days at a time searching for its source. This call was the call of the wild. He had a will to go off and be with other dogs .He felt the urge to be freeform man and catch his own food. One day, Buck finally left for good. He was excepted by a pack of wolves who treated him like a wolf himself. And so the transformation was complete. Buck had changed from a dog, to a beast of nature. Bibliographies [1]London Jack. The Call of the Wild.[M]New Y ork: Airmont PublishingCo.Inc,1964.[2]Pizer,Donald.American Realism and Naturalism.[M]Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press,2000.[3]The New Encyclopaedia Britannica,15th ed.1993.[4]蒋承勇(主编).欧美自然主义文学的现代阐释.[M]上海：复旦大学出版社,2002[5]柳鸣九.自然主义大师佐拉.[M]上海：上海文艺出版社,1989作者简介孙海晶（1983年-），女，满族，河北省遵化市人，北京第二外国语院，英语专业 O’Henry, one of the three most famous short-storywriters in the world, enjoys equal status with Chekhov and Maupassant. His short stories are famous for its unexpected ending, as well as their exquisite conception. O’Henry’s sympathy for the poor social underdogs, his eulogy of human virtues. es and exposure of human evils are highlighted as the keynote of his works. Humanity endows his works with perpetual artistic charm. His short stories are typicallyAmerican, portraying various types of people in the UnitedStates.1 The Main Theme of O’Henry’s Works1.1Human Virtues In his works, O’Henry presents the panorama of the American people to readers with ironic and humorous tone. O’Henry is sympathetic with the poor; he praises the human virtues and denounces human defeats. Humanity, as the eternal theme of O’Henry’s w orks, endows his works with perpetual artistic charm. Human being has many virtues from ancient times to the present. They are kind, brave, honest, hard-working, polite, thrifty, generous, and hospitable and so on. Some people pay a great deal in order to maintain these virtues, they sacrifice their own happiness even life for the lofty love and friendship; they help others without asking for rewards and regard it as a pleasure; they give up their own treasure and chance to others etc. Such people bring love and fine things to the world; they are the ones who endow the world with light and hope.1.2 Human Evils Human beings have many defects, too. Sometimes they are lazy, rapacious, gluttonous, officious, vain, arrogant, shameless, cowardly, impetuous etc. They benefit themselves at the expense of others, they never show mercy and sympathy to the poor in order to make money, they realize their own aims by hook or by crook etc. Their evil deeds make the world vicious. By exposing the human defects and the dark sides of the world, O’Henry wants to awaken people’s conscience and deepest desire for all good things, so that people can use their efforts to save and cleanse the wholeworld.2 Features of Language of O’Henry’s Works2.1 Figure of Speech2.1.1 MetaphorIn O’Henry’s writings, metaphor is another feature which is worth mention.” A symbol differs from a metaphor in that its application is left open as an unstated suggestion, whereas the metaphor ties a concrete image to an identifiable abstract quality. ”The ima ge in metaphor represents specific meaning. But the symbolic image

欧亨利短篇小说读后感英文

欧亨利短篇小说读后感英文 导语：以下是一篇关于欧亨利短篇小说读后感英文范文，欢迎浏览借鉴! was born in Greensboro, North Carolina. His father, Algemon Sidney porter, ,hismotherdied,,butattheag,wherehehadanumbe rofjobs,,;theyhadonedaughterandoneson., he died in New York on June 5th 1910. In this novel, there are many short ficition,every of them are worth reading,but TheGiftoftheMagi left me a deep impression is, I think this is a good article I have ever read, it is meaningful. In this article,used his style of writing narrated a winding and simple story with humorous and a light sad, in western literary area this theme of presenting the gift in the Christmas eve is so ordinary, some of them is wonderful, but I think TheGiftoftheMagi is the best one. First, let’s looked from the content. the entire article took one pair of poorly love husbands and wives in American presenting the Christmas gift as a middle line, The family housewife in order to save each coin,

欧亨利的个人及作品英语介绍

O.Henry’s writing styles O.Henry is one of the American famous short-story writers. His novels expose the darkness of capitalism from different angles, describe the difficult life of lower class, praise their sincere friendship, love and desire to blessed life. He always write a comedy ending to express deep social meaning, serious social reality and higher level. Furthermore, it points out the inevitability. As we all know O.Henry’s ending is always unexpected. He will suddenly change the inner world of the figures in an unbelievable way, or reverse the fate of the hero. In most time, it will make people feel in track, but the majority will think it reasonable after a while, such as “The Cop and the Anthem”. In the passage, Souby wanted to be in a prison so he made troubles outside. However, his hopes always were defeated. When Souby was reclaimed by the Anthem and decided to live a new life. Unfortunately, policemen put him into prison on some trumped-up charge. When all people assume he will be safe through life, policemen took him to a court. This is a typical O.Henry’s ending, which puts people into a dark hole with thinking deeply. And yet O.Henry just use this way to reflect the reality of being unable to distinguish the good from the bad. The artistic effects of O.Henry’s ending does not always appear in the end. For example, there are two plots in the “The Cop and the Anthem”. One is that Soupy molested a woman, but in an opposite manner, the woman molested him. The other is that Soupy took away a cus tomer’s illegal umbrella. Both a simple and attractive woman and a well-dressed customer give readers a decent feeling, but in fact, they are not the people what we are thinking. I believer everyone will think it is incredible like me. Only if we think carefully is it normal. After all, those people really exist in our society. Is everyone in upper-class noble, kind and well-behaved? Of course not, someone just put their dirty behaviors under their beautiful mask. In order to express the inner dirtiness, O.Henry had to decorate a lot in the passage. Although what it is isn’t as how it is, in short, it is reasonable. O.Henry’s ending exposed the public morals going from bad to worse of capitalism in the humors.

对欧亨利小说英文版的评价【精选】

本页是最新发布的《对欧亨利小说英文版的评价》的详细参考，感觉写的不错，希望对您有帮助，看完如果觉得有帮助请记得（CTRL+D）收藏本页。 作者们的小说一般对我们有很大的影响。但是评价要怎么写呢?下面是为大家带来对欧亨利小说英文版的评价，相信对你会有帮助的。 Reaction to an Article——Short Stories of O.Henry O.Henry is a nice master of short story at the twentieth century in America.His unique sense of humor is full of depression and sad emotions.Due to this kind of bitter laughter,we could feel exaggerated,cynical,witty and humorous when we read them. Throughout O.Henry’s work,the plot develops unexpectedly at the end of the story.When the readers feel dismayed,they actually believe that the author really gives a reasonable end of the story.It’s quite fantastic.Henry is also good at observing things and focus on details,which makes his writing lively.Anyhow,“The Gift of the Magi”and “The Last Leaf”give me an impression mostly. The Gift of the Magi mainly tells the story that the day before Christmas,poor Della want to give her husband Jim a surprise.However,she only had one dollar and eighty-seven cents.She knew that the little money was not enough to buy a nice present.So Della sold her long,beautiful hair which fell about her shoulders “like a cascade of brown waters”.Then,Della looked all over the shop,finally buying a platinum fob chain,which can be matched with Jim's watch.But,Jim wanted to surprise Della as well.He sold his proud gold watch and bought her a set of bs that Della had watched long in a Broadway’s window.After reading this article,it really gives me a big shock.In this story,the main characters all lost their most valuable things ——Jim’s golden watch and Della’s beautiful hair.Behind this,I saw they loved each other deeply.The love in their family letting me feel that cold Christmas Eve has be e the warmest heaven just because of their gifts.It is so selfless that that they can sacrifice their most valuable things in order to give each other the best gift.I learned how to respect others’love and how to love others.With this kind of love,mutual understanding between man and woman could full of trust and affection.I firmly believe that the world will have a better tomorrow as long as our hearts full of love. The story The Last Leaf described a young couple of good friends Sue and Joanna,who “found their tastes in art,chicory salad and bishop sleeves so congenial that they joint studio resulted”.Unfortunately,an unseen stranger,whom the doctors called Pneumonia,spread in the in that city and Joanna got it seriously.One day afternoon,Joanna was desperately looking out of the window and was counting the leaves on the ivy tree.She firmly convinced that she would leave the world after the last leaf fell.She hadn't any passion for the future life.Sue has no other better way but to ask help from Mr.Behrman,an old poor artist who lived on the ground floor beneath

欧亨利作品浅析.英语版

Content Chapter1 Introduction (4) Chapter 2 O. Henry ...s article style--humor (4) 2.1 O. Henry ...s article style .. (4) Chapter3 Unique O-style ending method (5) 3.1 Improbable Coincidence (The Gift of the Magi) (5) Chapter4 The Main Theme of O?Henry?s Works (6) Chapter 5 Conclusion (7) References (8)

A Brief Review on O’Henry’s Works 摘要：欧.亨利，原名威廉.西德尼.波特,20世纪美国著名小说家，美国短篇小说创始人。被誉为世界上三大著名小说巨匠，与法国的莫泊桑，俄国的契诃夫齐名。他少年时曾一心想当画家，婚后在妻子的鼓励下开始写作。后再银行供职时出现账目问题而入狱，在服刑期间认真写作，并以“欧.亨利”为笔名发表了大量短篇小说。他的作品情节细腻。语言诙谐，结局往往出人意料。出人意料但却符合逻辑的故事结尾以及不拘一格文风在作品中最具亮点给读者留下深刻印象。而本论文的主要围绕他的著作，如《麦琪的礼物》，《最后一片叶子》，《警察与赞美诗》，分析其故事结尾与语言风格如何达到预想的效果和如何让作者的思想在作品中得到体现。 关键词：文风，欧.亨利式结尾,人性，社会现实 Abstract:O. Henry, one of the three most famous short-story writers in the world, enjoys equal status with Chekhov and Maupassant. Exquisite plot, wry humor and twist ending dominate his works. Those surprising but logical endings and article?s style are the most brilliant in all of the highlights. This thesis mainly analyses O. Henry?s surprising but logical endings and style of his famous works such as The Gift of the Magi , The Last Leaf an and The Cop and the Anthem.These O. Henry-style endings impress readers ,and at the same time ,help him express his ideas completely and vividly.So this thesis mainly analyses how O.Henry set the plot to achieve the desired ending effect,and how the twist ending help idea-expression. Key Words: artistic styles, O. Henry-style ending, humanity; social reality

欧亨利、杰克伦敦简介

欧·亨利 真实姓名：威廉·西德尼·波特(William Sydney Porter) 笔名：欧·亨利(O.Henry) 生卒年代：1862.9.11-1910.6.5 美国著名批判现实主义作家，世界三大短篇小说大师之一。（欧·亨利、莫泊桑、契诃夫）。原名威廉·西德尼·波特（William Sydney Porter），是美国最著名的短篇小说家之一，曾被评论界誉为曼哈顿桂冠散文作家和美国现代短篇小说之父。他出生于美国北卡罗来纳州格林斯波罗镇一个医师家庭。他的一生富于传奇性，当过药房学徒、牧牛人、会计员、土地局办事员、新闻记者、银行出纳员。当银行出纳员时，因银行短缺了一笔现金，为避免审讯，离家流亡中美的洪都拉斯。后因回家探视病危的妻子被捕入狱，并在监狱医务室任药剂师。他创作第一部作品的起因是为了给女儿买圣诞礼物，但基于犯人的身份不敢使用真名，乃用一部法国药典的编者的名字作为笔名。1901年提前获释后，迁居纽约，专门从事写作。欧·亨利善于描写美国社会尤其是纽约百姓的生活。他的作品构思新颖，语言诙谐，结局总使人“感到在情理之中，又在意料之外”；又因描写了众多的人物，富于生活情趣，被誉为“美国生活的幽默百科全书”。代表作有小说集《白菜与国王》、《四百万》、《命运之路》等。其中一些名篇如《爱的牺牲》、《警察与赞美诗》、《麦琪的礼物》、《带家具出租的房间》、《最后一片常春藤叶》等使他获得了世界声誉，短篇小说《麦琪的礼物》以及《二十年后》被编入上海初中八年级语文课本。《最后一片常春藤叶》被编入上海九年级语文课本。

杰克·伦敦 杰克·伦敦(Jack London，1876年1月12日～1916年11月22日), 原名为约翰·格利菲斯·伦敦(John Griffith London)，美国著名的现实主义作家。他一生共创作了约50卷作品，其中最为著名的有《野性的呼唤》《海狼》《白牙》《马丁·伊登》和一系列优秀短篇小说《热爱生命》《老头子同盟》《北方的奥德赛》《马普希的房子》《沉寂的雪原》等。 简介美国小说家，生于旧金山，他来自“占全国人口十分之一的贫困不堪的底层阶级”。大约是个占星术家的私生子，在一个既无固定职业又无固定居所的家庭中长大。是美国著名的现实主义作家。美国传记小说家伊尔文·斯通在他的《马背上的水手》里称他是美国无产阶级文学之父。他的作品不仅在美国本土广泛流传，而且受到世界各国人民的欢迎。他在现代美国文学和世界文学都享有崇高地位。杰克·伦敦24岁开始写作，去世时年仅40岁。十六年中他共写成长篇小说19部，短篇小说150多篇，还写了3个剧本以及相当多的随笔和论文。这些作品共同为我们展示了一个陌生又异常广阔的世界：那荒凉空旷又蕴藏宝藏的阿拉斯加，波涛汹涌岛屿星罗棋布的太平洋，横贯美洲大陆的铁路线，形形色色的鲜活人物，人与自然的严酷搏斗，人与人之间错综复杂的社会关系…… 杰克·伦敦的创作，笔力刚劲，语言质朴，情节富于戏剧性。他常常将笔下人物置于极端严酷，生死攸关的环境之下，以此展露人性中最深刻、最真实的品格。杰克·伦敦赞美勇敢、坚毅和爱这些人类的高贵的品质，他笔下那“严酷的真实”常常使读者受到强烈的心灵震撼。伟大的革命导师列宁在病榻上时，曾特意请人朗读小说，其中就有杰克·伦敦的短篇小说《热爱生命》。列宁给予这部小说很高的评价。

(全英文论文)欧亨利短篇小说的主题研究无私的爱

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