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介词基本用法

介词用法详解

一.定义

用来表明名词、代词与句子中其他词的关系的词叫做介词。

介词是虚词,不能重读,也不能单独作句子成分,往往与名词、代词或相当于名词的其他词类、短语、从句一起构成介词短语,以表示它与其他词在时间、方式、方向、位置等方面的关系。

二.介词的分类及使用

1.表示“时间”的介词

1)in 表时间段,即指在较长的一段时间内,相当于during。如世纪、朝代、年代、年、月、季节等。

in Ming Dynasty 在明朝in the 1980s 在二十世纪八十年代

in August 在八月份in spring/summer/autumn/winter 在春天/夏天/秋天/冬天

in the winter holidays 在寒假in one’s life 在某人一生中

in the daytime/night 在白天/夜里in the year 2010 在2010年

注意:during 除了具有in表示时间段的功能之外,还可指在某一项活动的过程中。

during the night 在晚上during the fire 在火灾期间

2)at用来表示时刻、时间的一点。

at five o’clock 在五点种

at noon 在中午

at half past five 在五点半

at也可表示较短暂的一段时间,可用在节日名词或被认为是一年中标志大事的日子。

at daybreak 破晓

at Christmas 在圣诞节

3)on表示在具体的某一天,某一天的上午、下午或晚上,或对某一天或某一天的上午、下午、晚上进行详细描述。

on Monday afternoon 在星期一下午on that day 在那天

on a sunny day in November 在十一月一个晴朗的日子

on the following day 在第二天on New Y ear’s Day 在元旦

on the morning of April the first 在四月一日上午

on weekends 在平日(时)

4)in和after都可表示“……(时间)之后”。

“in + 时间段”用于将来时;

He’ll be back in three hours.

他三个小时以内回来。

“after + 时间段”用于过去时。after后接一个具体的时间点时,也可用于将来时。

He came back after three hours.

三个小时之后他回来了。

He’ll be back after three o’clock in the afternoon.

他下午三点以后回来。

5)for, since

for后接一段时间的词语,表示行为状态持续的时间。

I have been learning English for 20 years.

我学英语二十年了。

He worked here for three years and then changed his job.

他在这儿工作了三年后换工作了。

since后接某一具体时间或表示具体时间的从句,强调动作或行为状态从起始点一直持续到现在,常与延续性动词的现在完成时连用。

I have been watching TV since supper time.

自晚饭以来我一直在看电视。

She has worked here since 1999.

自1999年以来,她就在这里工作。

6)before, by

二者都可表示“在……之前”,但by含有“最晚不迟于……”“到…….为止”的意思。

如果by后是表示将来的时间,则与将来时或将来完成时连用。

过去的时间,则与过去完成时连用。

I’ll be back before supper time.

晚饭前我会赶回来。

Supper will be ready by 6:00.

晚饭将在6点之前准备好。

This factory had produced more than one million cars by the end of last year.

到去年年末,这家工厂已经生产了一百多万辆小汽车。

I will finish the work by Friday. 最晚星期五我会完成这项工作。

before Friday. 星期五之前我会完成这项工作。

7)by, until

by表示到什么时候为止动作已经完成。

until表示动作持续到什么时候。

注意:在终止性动词的否定式中,二者通用。

Can you repair my bike by Friday?

星期五之前你能修好我的自行车吗?

I’ll work here until six o’clock.

我将一直在这里工作到6点。

The work won’t be finished by/until tomorrow.

这项工作明天才能做完。

8)since, after

after从过去或将来某一时间算起的一段时间后,这时不可与完成时态连用。

从现在算起的一个时间点之后,这时常与将来时连用。

I woke up at midnight and after some time I heard some strange noise.

我半夜醒来,一会儿后,听见了一些奇怪的声音。

After supper, I will take a short walk.

晚饭后,我将散散步。

since 后只能跟时间点或表示时间点的从句,表示从过去某一时间点一直到现在,与完成时连用。

I have been watching TV since suppertime.

自晚饭以来我一直在看电视。

2.表示“地点、方位或方向”的介词

1)on, in

on是指在某物的表面上,与物体表面接触。其反义词是beneath。

They are sitting on the grass.

他们正坐在草地上。

A lovely cat is lying on the table.

一只可爱的小猫正躺在桌子上。

The little mouse is beneath the paper, so it is not easy to find.

这只小老鼠在纸下面,所以不容易被发现。

英语中打击人的头、额、鼻、耳、颈、肩、腿等部位时,用on。

The headmaster patted the boy on the head and comforted him.

校长拍拍小男孩的头安慰他。

表示植物本身生长出来的枝叶、花果等用on。

There are a lot of pears on the tree.

树上有许多梨。

in表示“在……之上”时,暗示占去了某物的一部分,强调接触的深度。

There is/are a hole/two windows in the wall.

墙上有个洞/两扇窗户。

英语中打击人的脸、眼、嘴、胸、腹等部位时,用in。

表示植物本身以外的人或动物“在树上”,用in意指枝叶遮掩其中。

2)over, above, under, below

over强调在物体的正上方。

under强调在物体的正下方,是over的反义词。

The bridge over the river has a long history.

河上的这座桥历史悠久。

We took shelter from the rain under a tree.

我们在树下躲雨。

注意:over还有“覆盖;越过”之意。

The thief climbed over the wall and ran away.

那个贼翻过围墙逃走了。

above强调在物体的上方,但不一定是正上方;还可以指温度,海拔等的刻度。

The plane flew above the clouds.

飞机在云层之上飞行。

The average temperature here in winter is above 3℃.

这里冬天的平均温度超过三摄氏度。

The mountain is about 2,000 meters above the sea.

那座山海拔约2,000米。

The sun has risen above the horizon.

太阳已经升至地平线上了。

below强调在下方,但不一定是正下方,可指温度海拔等的刻度,是above的反义词。

I live below the mountain.

我住在山脚下。

3)in, on, to在方位名词前的区别

三者都可用来表示两地之间的方位关系。

in表示在某范围之内

Hebei Province is/lies in the east of China.

to表示在某范围之外

Shanghai is/lies to the southeast of Hebei Province.

on表示“毗邻”“接壤”

Vietnam is/lies on the north of China.

Japan lies in the east of Asia and to the east of China.

日本位于亚洲东部,与中国隔海相望。

Mongolia lies on the north of China.

蒙古国与中国北部毗邻。

4)in, at

二词均可表示“在……处”。

in用于指较大的地方。

He lived in Beijing for 10 years.

他在北京生活了十年。

at用于指较小的地方,如在门牌号码前。

We’ll meet each other at the park.

我们将在公园见面。

5)from, out of

二词均表示来源或出处。

from注重起点,意为“从……”。

The train from London arrives here at 10 o’clock.

从伦敦来的火车10点到这。

out of侧重于从里向外,意为“从……里出来”。

She took the passport out of her handbag and showed it to the policeman.

她从包里拿出护照把它交给警察。

We are moving out of our school yard.

我们正从校园出来。

6)between, among

二者均表示“在……中间”、“在……之间”。

between表示在二者之间,有时出现三个或三个以上的“宾语”,但这时强调的仍然是其中每两者之间的相互关系。

The house stands between two farms.

那座房子位于两个农场之间。

Luxemburg lies between France, Germany, and Belgium.

卢森堡位于法国、德国与比利时之间。

among指在三者或三者以上之间。

There is a forest among the hills.

那些小山之间有一片森林。

注意:当句中出现divide, share之类的词时,如果后面跟着几个单数名词,用between。

如果后面是复数名词,between和among都可以。

He divided his money between Mary, John and Helen.

他把钱分给玛丽、约翰和海伦。

7)across, through, past, over

across强调穿过某一平面或横穿狭长物体,宾语常为the square, the bridge, the mountain, the street等。

He swam across the river.

他游过了河。

Be careful while walking across the street.

过街时务必小心。

through强调从某一空间内穿过或沿着狭长的物体移动。宾语常为the street, the forest, the gate, the valley等。

We walked through the forest.

我们穿过那片森林。

Walk through the gate and you’ll see the rest room.

穿过大门就会看到厕所。

past强调从某事物的一旁经过。

They drove past a big supermarket.

他们开车经过一家大超市。

over强调从一边到另一边或越过某一高度,宾语常为the street, the bridge, the

mountain, the square等。

The dog jumped over the fence and ran away.

狗跳过栅栏跑了。

The plane flew over the Great Wall.

飞机飞过长城。

8)in front of, in the front of

in front of表示在某一空间外部的前面。

In front of my home runs a small river.

在我家门前有一条小河。

We planted some trees in front of our house.

我们在房子前面种了一些树。

in the front of表示在某一空间内部的前面。

Don’t sit in the front of the car.

不要坐在小汽车的前部。

9)to, for, toward(s)

to用在表示来往行动的动词后,如go, come, walk, run, dash, rush, move, fly, return,

lead, take之后,表示行动的方向。

for多用于表示“启程”,“出发”“离开”的动词,如leave, set off, start之后。

to与toward(s)在表示“朝……方向”时,可互换,toward(s)仅表示方向,不表示

到达,而to不仅表方向,还表示到达。

It’s difficult to decide which area the plane is flying to.

很难断定飞机要飞往哪个地区。

My sister is leaving for New Y ork early tomorrow morning.

我妹妹明天上午要动身去纽约。

3.表“工具、手段、方式、材料”的介词

1)with, by, in三者均表示“用”,表示行为的工具、手段或方式。

(1)with多指用有形的工具、身体的某部位或器官,其后的名词多被冠词、物主代词等修饰。

Y ou can see it with your own eyes.

你可以亲自去看看。

I cut the cake with a knife.

我用刀子切蛋糕。

(2)by表示使用方法、手段或用于无形的工具前。

Why don’t you go there by bus instead?

你怎么不坐公交车去那呢?

They can learn what kind of animal it is by touching.

他们可以通过触摸了解它是何等动物。

(3)in指使用某种语言、文字、材料等。

in English, in ink, in capital, letters

注意:其他表方式/方法、情况、手段的表达法。

in this/that, the/same way, by means of, by this/that means,

with this/that method;

by telephone/on the telephone, by/through practice, by/through experience

on foot, live on food

in surprise, in silence, in a low voice, in a hurry, in fun, in joy, in sorrow,

in danger, in safety, in need.

2) by, in, on 三词都可表示旅行的方式。

(1)不涉及交通工具的名词时用by,名词前不用冠词。

by sea, by water, by rail, by air

(2)涉及交通工具的名词前用by,但名词需用单数,其前不加冠词或任何修饰语。

by taxi, by bike, by plane, by ship, by train, by spaceship等。

(3)当旅行方式涉及确定特指的交通工具时,用on或in,名词前应有冠词、物主代词、指示代词等修饰语。

in a plane, on a early train, on my bike等。

注意:步行、骑马、骑骆驼均用on。

on foot, on a horse, on the camel等。

4.表示“排除”的介词

1)except:“除……之外(不再有)”,与but通用,常与不定代词all, every/any+thing/where/body/one,或nobody, nothing等连用。

All of us have been to Shanghai except me.

所有人都去过上海,只有我没去。

None of the films interested me except (but) a cartoon.

除了一部动画片,其他电影我都不感兴趣。

注意:but, except在一般情况下,二者可通用,都可接名词、代词、动名词、动词原形。但except后接副词、介词短语、when从句等时不可用but来替换。

Nobody but/except Mary knows the city well.

只有玛丽非常了解这个城市。

The window is never opened except in summer.

除夏季外,这扇窗户从不打开。

He has always been busy except when it is Sunday.

除星期日外,他总是很忙。

说明:but, except后都可接that从句作宾语,可以互换。

I asked nothing from him but (except) that he should write to me every

other week. 我只要求他每两周给我写一封信。

except for:用于表示对主要部分的肯定和对局部的否定,主要侧重对不同类事物的排除。

The street in the early morning is very quiet except for a few cars.

清晨街道十分安静,只有几辆小汽车。

The composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes.

除几处拼写错误外,这篇作文很好。

All the buildings are excellent except for their location.

除了位置之外,所有的建筑物都相当不错。

注意:当except位于句首时,后面往往要加上for。

Everything is in good order except this.

= Except for this, everything is in good order.

2)besides: 表示“除……之外(其他的也)”,其后的宾语是包括在内的。

All of us have been to Shanghai besides me.

我们所有人都去过上海,我也去过。

The cowboy movie also interested me besides a cartoon.

除了一部动画片,西部片我也感兴趣。

We need three more chairs besides these two.

除了这两把之外我们还需要三把椅子。

注意:besides还可以作副词,意为“另外”。

Let’s stay at home. It is too late; besides, it is raining now.

我们呆在家里吧。天太晚了,而且正下着雨。

4) including强调同类事物中包含具有另外特征的一部分。

There are 20 passengers on the bus, including five children.

公交车上有20名乘客,包括5个孩子。

5.表示“关于”的介词

about侧重于与人或事物有关的事迹或情况,涉及的内容比较详细。

The headmaster told us a story about his student.

校长给我们讲了一个他学生的故事。

I have heard quite a lot about you from others.

我从别人那儿听到不少关于你的情况。

on侧重于阐述或论及相对重大或深奥的理论、学术等问题。

Who made the report on the situation in the Middle East?

这个论述中东形势的报告是谁做的?

He wrote a book on electricity.

他写了一本关于电学方面的书。

of在与tell, read, know, think等动词连用时侧重于粗略涉及。

I know little of our new teacher.

我几乎不了解我们的新老师。

He spoke of the problem at the meeting.

他在会议上谈到了这个问题。

6.表示“像”的介词

表示“像”的介词有as, like, 两词的区别如下:

1)介词as表示“以……身份”或“当作”,后面跟表示身份、职业、地位、人的特征的名词作宾语;

As a teacher, he cares for these children.

作为教师,他关心这些孩子。

表示“像”时,as常构成固定搭配,如:such…as; as…as; not so…as; the same…as

The boy is as tall as his father.

那个男孩长的和他父亲一样高。

2) 两词的侧重点不同:as侧重于同一性,强调属同一类或完全相似。

She spoke of me as her dearest friend.

她谈起我就像我是她最亲密的朋友似的。

like侧重于比较,表示比喻,并不意味着同一类或完全相似。

He spoke like an old friend.

他像老朋友那样讲话。

注意:as和like常与一些动词一起构成固定搭配。

consider…as 认为,视作look (upon)… as 把……看作

regard…as 视作,看作treat…as 看作

seem like 似乎像look like 看起来像

注意:几组近义词

1.It is + adj. + for (of) sb. to do sth.

当形容词说明不定式逻辑主语的特性特征时,即形容词是说明sb.的性质、特征时用of。

It is + adj. + of sb. to do sth. = sb. + be + adj. + to do sth

常见的形容词有:kind, good, nice, clever, stupid, foolish, polite, impolite, cruel.等。

It is kind of you to help the disabled students.

= Y ou are kind to help the disabled students.

当形容词说明不定式的性质时,用for, 常用的形容词有:important, necessary, possible, impossible等。

It is important for you to learn English well.

2.for与to的搭配问题

for与to接后置的间接宾语:1) buy/cook/fetch/find/get/make/order/save/sing…+sth. +for sb.

2)bring/give/leave/lend/offer/pay/pass/read/refuse/return/promi

se/send/show/teach/tell/throw/write…+sth. + to sb.

3. in与of表示比较范围

二者均可引出比较的范围,适用于形容词和副词的最高级,指三者或三者以上人或事物的比较。

in表示限定在某个范围内的最高级。

of表示同一类人或事物中的最高级;也可用于两者之间的比较级,但比较级前须加定冠词the。

The Changjiang River is the longest river in China.

Of all the three students, John is the tallest.

This composition is the better of the two.

4.of, to与一些抽象名词的搭配

1)of + 抽象名词相应的形容词

抽象名词前可以有great, much, no等的修饰词。

It is of great value. =It is very valuable.

It is of no use. = It is not useful. = It is useless.

2) to与情感名词连用,表示“使某人……的是”

to one’s + sorrow (delight, joy, surprise, regret, horror…) = to the sorrow (delight, joy,

surprise, regret, horror…) of sb.

一些常用介词的搭配

1.at的搭配

1)与名词搭配:at dawn 拂晓at dusk 黄昏at first 当初at noon 中午

at night 夜间at last 最终at sunrise/sunset 日出/日落

at home 在家at table 在用餐at school 在上学

at college 在上大学at present 目前at the moment 此刻

at risk 在危险中at rest 静止不动

2)与形容词搭配:angry at sb. 对某人言行生气annoyed at 因……而恼火

good at 擅长clever at 擅长surprised at 感到惊讶

2.in的搭配

1)与名词的搭配:in a hurry 匆忙in a low voice 低声in high/poor spirits 情绪高涨/低落in tears 热泪盈眶in fear 在恐惧中in danger 在危险中

in safety 很安全in silence 静静地in good health 身体好

in public 在公共场所in doubt 有疑问in a whisper 低声说

in time 及时in town 在城里in flower 在开花

2)与形容词搭配:different in 在某方面不同dressed in 穿着engaged in 忙于

faithful in 在……方面忠诚disappointed in/with sb. 对某人感到失望

strict in 在……方面严格weak in 在……方面薄弱

interested in 对……感兴趣

3.from的搭配

1)与名词搭配:from memory 凭记忆from day to day 日复一日

from beginning to end 从头到尾

2)与形容词搭配:far from 远离different from 与……不同

absent from 缺席……free from 没有

4.to的搭配

1)与名词搭配:access to 能够进入key to……的答案(钥匙)

answer to……的答案notes to……的注释

visit to 到……的访问response to 对……的反应

way to 通向……的路attention to 对……的注意

danger to 对……的危险advantage to 对……有利2)与形容词搭配:had to 对……态度不好close to 在……的附近

devoted to 忠于,专心于equal to 和……相等

familiar to 为……所熟悉contrary to 与……相反

due to 由于married to 与……结婚faithful to 对……忠诚

cruel to 对……残忍next to 挨着rude to 对……粗暴

5.with的搭配

1)与名词的搭配:with a sneer 嘲笑地with a laugh 哈哈大笑

with a sigh 唉声叹气地

2)与形容词搭配:annoyed with sb. 对某人恼火careless with 不爱惜

crowed with 挤满了angry with 对……感到生气

careful with 注意、细心familiar with 对……熟悉

strict with 对……严厉busy with 忙于……

patient with 对……有耐心popular with 流行

6.of的搭配

lack of 缺乏…… ashamed of 因为做某事而羞耻aware of 意识到

careful of 注意,珍重conscious of 知道,明白fond of 喜欢

afraid of 对……感到害怕careless of 不在乎composed of 由……组成

7.on的搭配

1)与名词搭配:influence on 对……的影响effect on 对于……的影响

report on 对……的报道attack on 对……的进攻

emphasis on 加强注意congratulations on 对某事祝贺

mercy on 对于……的宽容

2)与形容词的搭配:dependent on 依靠

8. 其他一些常用短语:according to 根据apart from 除……之外as to 关于,至于

as far as 就……而论at the sight of 看到but for 要不是

instead of 代替,而不due to 因为owing to 由于

in addition to 除了……之外(还有)in case of 如果

in search of 寻求at the mercy of 在……掌控之中

at the risk of 冒……的危险in charge of 对……负责

in spite of 尽管,即使in time of 在……时刻

in honor of 为纪念for fear of 唯恐on account of 因为,由于

on behalf of 代表the sake of 为了……的缘故

up to 直到,由……而定thanks to 因为,多亏

in comparison with 和……相比in connection with 与……有关

介词练习

1. The teacher is writing ____ a piece of chalk on the blackboard while the students are writing ____ink in exercise books. A. with, in B. in, with C. in, in D. with, with

2. The worker can make chairs ____ wood, and also can make paper ____ wood.

A. from, of

B. of, from

C. of. of

D. from, from

3. Mary dropped in ____ Mr Smith, but he wasn' t at home, so she went to drop in ____ Mr Smith's office. A. on, on B. at, at C. on. at D. at. on

4. The teacher is not only strict ____ his pupils but also strict ____ his own work.

A. with, with

B.in,in

C. in, with

D. with, in

5. His grandfather died ____ the wound that the enemy soldier had given him .and then his grand- mother died ____ hungry and cold. A.from,of B.of,from C.from,from D.of.of

6. If you run ____ two hares you will catch neither. A.into B.after C.off D. out of

7. This is a common mistake ____ students. A. between B.over C. among D. about

8. My father began to work ____ a bus driver when he was twenty years old.

A.for

B.to

C.at

D.as

9. _____ hearing the news, I was wild ____ joy. A. At, in B. On, with C. After, by D. /,

over

10.I don' t think Xiao Li is ____ the other students ____ mathematics.

A. after, on

B. after, with

C. behind, in

D. behind, at

11. Nobody knows it ____ me. A. except for B. except that C. besides D. but

12. The window is never opened ____ in summer. A. but B. except C. except for D. but for

13. It happened ____ the Long March. A. during B.in C.at D.for

14. We go to school ____ a bike. A.in B.on C.by D.ove

15. It's very kind____ you to repair the bike ____ me.

A.for.for

B.of,of

C.of,for

D.for,of

16. Fresh air is good ____ your health. A.at B.for C.of D.to

17.The boy is waiting ____ his sister and they will go to the hospital to wait ____ their sick mother.

A.for,on

B.on,for

C.for,for

D.on.on

18.The group is made up____five students. And they are studying hard to make up____ the lost time.

A.of,of

B.for,for

C.of,for

D.for,of

19.The PLA man saved the boy ____ death. A. of B.from C.to

D.on

20. He will come ____ three days. A.before B.after C. in D. later

21. He went to Beijing and returned ____ three days.

A. in

B. before

C. later

D. after

22. He will return____ three o'clock. A.after B.in C.on D.at

23. He wrote the article ____ three days. A.at B.in C.on D.by

24.I agree ____ what you said. A.to B.on C.with D.at

25. Do you agree____ this plan (arrangement)? A.at B.with C.on D.to

26. Finally they agreed ____ the terms of the contract. A.on B.to C.with D.at

27. Do you often hear____ your brother? A. of B. from C. out of D. about

28.1 heard ____ the book long ago, but I have never read it.

A. out

B.from

C.of

D.with

29. The plane flew ____ the city. A. across B.past C. through D.over

30. We walked ____ the Tian An Men Square to the Museum of Chinese History.

A. across

B. through

C.by

D.past

31.I was wandering ____ the streets when I caught sight of a tailor's shop.

A. across

B. through

C.by

D.past

32. Our bus drove ____ the Great Hall of the People.

A. across

B. through

C. past

D.over

33. ____ the sun, nothing would grow.

A. For

B.With

C. Under

D. Without

34. The teacher is busy ____ teaching.

A.with

B.for

C.on

D.of

35. The teacher is busy ____ correcting papers.

A. for

B.in

C.on

D.of

36. We left Xi' an _.___ a very hot summer afternoon.

A. on

B.in

C. during

D.by

37. She felt disappointed when she found out they had gone swimming____ her.

A. but

B. except

C. except for

D. without

38. His teacher was angry ____ him ____ his being late.

A.at,with

B.at,for

C.with,for

D.with,about

39. My father was disappointed ____ the news.

A. by

B. about

C. at

D. on

40. Mr Wang went to Nanjing ____ October,1998 and came back home ____ the morning of Nov.

5.

A.at;in

B.on;at

C.in;on

D.by;from

41 .My uncle lives ____ 105 Huanghe Street. His room is ____ the fifth floor.

A.at;on

B.td;at

C.on;in

D.of;to

42. I don't think you can work out the maths problem ____ the teacher's help.

A. since

B. unless

C. because

D. without

43. He is running ____ the wind towards the east of the station ____ Tom is running ____ the right.

A. down; and; on

B. against; while; on

C.for;with;in

D. with; while; to

44. In Hangzhou Mr Green was so struck ____ the beauty of nature that he stayed ____ another night.

A.at;on

B.with;at

C.for;in

D.by;for

45. Many people are still ____ the habit of writing silly things ____ public places.

A.at;at

B.in;in

C.into;of

D.during;at

46. - Do you go there ____ bus? - No, we go there ____ a train.

A. in; on

B.on;on

C.by;in

D.by; with

47. I made the coat ____ my own hands. It was made ____ hand, not with a machine.

A. in; in

B.in; with

C. with; by

D. with; with

48. The trees ____ front of the house are ____ the charge of Old Li.

A. in; in

B. at; in

C. in; by

D. from; in

49. The old man died ____ cold ____ a cold night.

A. from; at

B.of;in

C.of;on

D. for; during

50. Does John know any other foreign languages ____ French?

A. except

B. but

C. besides

D. beside

51. He looked quite healthy ____ he was ____ the age of seventy.

A. when; at

B. because; in

C. if; for

D. though; at

52. - How long has the bookshop been in business? -____1982.

A. After

B.In

C.From

D.Since

53. Did you have any trouble ____ the post office?

A. to have found

B. with finding

C. to find

D. in finding

54.To tell you the truth, I have nothing to do ____ it.

A.about

B.with

C.for

D.of

55. Something must be done to prevent our city ____ by thick smoke.

A. to be polluted

B. from polluting

C. from being polluted

D. pollut ing

56.____ the students likes the paintings. Which is wrong?

A. The teacher as well as

B. Nobody but

C. The teacher besides

D. All except

57. Henry,____ Mary and Tom, is coming to China for a visit. Which is wrong?

A. together with

B. like

C. and not

D. but in addition to

58. Taiwan is ____ the east of Fujian.

A. in

B.at

C.to

D.on

59. His father will be back from London ____ a few days.

A.since

B.in

C.on

D.after

60. We offered him our congratulations ____ his passing the college entrance exams.

A.at

B.on

C.for

D.of

61 .The word "write" has the same pronunciation ____ the word "right".

A. of

B.as

C.to

D.from

62. The train leaves ____ 6: 00 p. m. So I have to be at the station ____ 5:40 p. m. at the latest.

A. at; until

B. for; after

C.at;by

D. before; around

63. Go ____ the gate and you' 11 find the entrance ____ the park ____ the other side.

A. through; to; on

B. along ;of; on

C. down; to; at

D. up; of; by

64. One ____ five will have the chance to join in the game.

A. within

B. among

C. in

D. from

65. Because of her devotion _____ music, she has become friendly with Mr. Zhang.

A. in

B. to

C. with

D. on

66. What idea can a man who is blind from birth have_____ color?

A. in

B. /

C. with

D. of

67. Some people say that we live _____ the age of computers.

A. in

B. at

C. with

D. for

68. ---May I attend your lecture, Mr. Green? ---Welcome _____ open arms.

A. with

B. by

C. in

D. for

69. _____ defeated, they didn't lose heart.

A. In spite of

B. Except for

C. Though

D. Until

70. I saw Jack yesterday. He told me that he would stay here _____ the end of this year.

A. at

B. by

C. for

D. till

71.The train leaves at 6:00 p.m. So I have to be at the station ____5:40p.m.at the latest.

A. until

B. after

C. by

D. around ('97NMET 11)

72. The boy ought to have gone to school ___, but he slept ___noon.

A. in the morning, at

B. that morning, at

C. in that morning, until

D. that morning, until ('93 上海)

73. The doctor will be free ____.

A. 10 minutes later

B. after ten minutes

C. in ten minutes

D. 10 minutes after('92MET. 20)

74. _____most students, she was always well prepared and never came to class late.

A. Like

B. As

C. For

D. To ('98上海高考题

2)

75. Let's walk over ___the shop on the other side of the street.

A. in

B. to

C. under

D. by ('93上海)

76. The number of the employees has grown from 1,000 to 1,200. This means it has risen

____20 percent. A . by B. at C. to D. with ('99 上海高考)

77. ____production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year.

A. . As

B. For

C. With

D. Through (2000NMET. 18)

78. Does John know any other foreign language ___French?

A. except

B. but

C. besides

D. beside ('89MET. 13)

79. I know nothing about the young lady ___she is from Beijing.

A. except

B. except for

C. except that

D. besides (2000 上海高考13)

80. ---You are so lucky. ---What do you mean ____that? (2002年春招)

A. for

B. in

C. of

D. by

常用介词的用法

分考点1 表示时间的介词 Point 1 at, in, on 的用法 (1)at 的用法 At 表示时间点,用于具体的时刻(几点,正午,午夜,黎明,拂晓,日出,日落等),或把某一时间看作某一时刻的词之前以及某些节假日的词之前。 at 6:00 在6点钟 At noon 在中午 At daybreak 在拂晓 At down 在黎明 At Christmas 在圣诞节 【特别注意】在以下的时间短语中,at 表示时间段。 At dinner time 在(吃)晚饭时 At weekends/ the weekend 在周末 (2)in 的用法 ①表示时间段,与表示较长一段时间的词搭配,如年份,月份,季节,世纪,朝代,还可以用于泛指的上午、下午、傍晚等时间段的词前。 In 2009 在2009年 In April 在四月 In the 1990s 在20世纪90年代 In Tang Dynasty 在唐朝 In the morning在上午 ②后接时间段,用于将来时,表示“在一段时间之后”。 The film will begin in an hour. 电影将于一个小时之后开始。 【特别注意】当时间名词前有this,that,last,next,every,each,some等词修饰时,通常不用任何介词。 This morning 今天上午last year 去年 (3)on 的用法 ①表示在特定的日子、具体的日期、星期几、具体的某一天或某些日子。 On September the first 在9月1号 On National Day 在国庆节 We left the dock on a beautiful afternoon. 我们在一个明媚的下午离开了码头。 ②表示在具体的某一天的上午、下午或晚上(常有前置定语或后置定语修饰)。 On Sunday morning 在星期日的早上 On the night of October 1 在10月1号的晚上 【特别注意】“on +名词或动名词”表示“一...就...”. On my arrival home/ arriving home, I discovered they had gone. 我一到家就发现他们已经离开了。 Point 2 in,after 的用法 In 和after都可以接时间段,表示“在...之后”,但in 常与将来时连用,after 常与过去时连用。 We will meet again in two weeks.

英语介词的分类及用法

介词的分类和应用英语介词虽是小词,数量也不多,但它灵活多变,随处可见,功能强大而且难于掌握。在现代英语中,介词的地位非常重要。我们切不可小看这个小角色,不可忽视它的作用。如果你能在英语介词上下一番功夫,那么你的英语水平会有一个飞跃提高。 英语介词分类:按结构英语介词可分为3类: 1.简单介词(约有70个),如:in,at,on,by,with,down,for,beside,along,across等。 2.分词介词(约15个)如:during,following,considering,regarding,speaking,judging,talking等。 3.成语介词(约有500个)如:out of,apart from(除之外:别无、尚有),because of,by means of用、依靠等。 按意义英语介词可分为3类: 1. 时间介词,如:at, on, in, during, over, from, for, until等。 2. 地点介词,如:at, on, in, across, to, over, between, inside, outside等。 3. 其它介词,如:by, with, about, except, instead of, due to, apart from等。 介词-- 从不独立行动的精灵 英语介词不可单独使用,只能与不同的此类构成介词短语来在句子中担当一个成分。常用的五种介词短语 1.介词+名词:at the door, into the bag 2.介词+代词: for me, of others 3.介词+动名词: in doing so, to my saying that 4.介词+连接副词/连接代词/what从句:over what he had better do 5.介词+连接副词/连接代词+不定式:on how to do this 其他类型的介词短语 6.介词+介词短语:from across the street, until after dinner 7.介词+副词:from below 8.介词+复合结构:with the light on 9.介词+不定式(but/except):…did nothing but sleep介词-- 连接词与词纽带 英语经常用介词来表示词与词之间的关系 1. 时间 1)at表示在某一时间点: at 3 o’clock 2)in表示在某一时间段内的某一或某些点:in 2004 in表示在某段时间的结束点:I’ll see you again in a week. 3) during表示某一时间段内自始至终:during the first period 4) on表示在某一day/date或其中的某一段:on Monday, on Sunday morning 5) by表示不迟于某个时间:by now 2. 地点 1)at表示在某处(而非它处):at school 2) in表示在内部或某个范围内:in the office 3) on表示在上面与某平面接触:on the table 4) outside表示在某个范围之外:outside world 5) under表示在比某个位置低的地方或在某表面之下:under a chair 6) by表示靠近或接近:by the window

介词in,on.at,for.with,by,of的基本用法

介词用法知多少 介词是英语中最活跃的词类之一。同一个汉语词汇在英语中可译成不同的英语介词。例如汉语中的“用”可译成:(1)用英语(in English);(2)用小刀(with a knife);(3)用手工(by hand);(4)用墨水(in ink)等。所以,千万不要以为记住介词的一两种意思就掌握了这个介词的用法,其实介词的用法非常广泛,搭配能力很强,越是常用的介词,其含义越多。下面就简单介绍几组近义介词的用法及其搭配方法。 一. in, to, on和off在方位名词前的区别 1. in表示A地在B地范围之内。如: Taiwan is in the southeast of China. 2. to表示A地在B地范围之外,即二者之间有距离间隔。如: Japan lies to the east of China. 3. on表示A地与B地接壤、毗邻。如: North Korea is on the east of China. 4. off表示“离……一些距离或离……不远的海上”。如: They arrived at a house off the main road. New Zealand lies off the eastern coast of Australia. 二. at, in, on, by和through在表示时间上的区别 1. at指时间表示: (1)时间的一点、时刻等。如: They came home at sunrise (at noon, at midnight, at ten o’clock, at daybreak, at dawn). (2)较短暂的一段时间。可指某个节日或被认为是一年中标志大事的日子。如: He went home at Christmas (at New Year, at the Spring Festival, at night). 2. in指时间表示: (1)在某个较长的时间(如世纪、朝代、年、月、季节以及泛指的上午、下午或傍晚等)内。如: in 2004, in March, in spring, in the morning, in the evening, etc (2)在一段时间之后。一般情况下,用于将来时,谓语动词为瞬间动词,意为“在……以后”。如: He will arrive in two hours. 谓语动词为延续性动词时,in意为“在……以内”。如: These products will be produced in a month. 注意:after用于将来时间也指一段时间之后,但其后的时间是“一点”,而不是“一段”。如: He will arrive after two o’clock. 3. on指时间表示: (1)具体的时日和一个特定的时间,如某日、某节日、星期几等。如: On Christmas Day(On May 4th), there will be a celebration. (2)在某个特定的早晨、下午或晚上。如: He arrived at 10 o’clock on the night of the 5th. (3)准时,按时。如: If the train should be on time, I should reach home before dark. 4. by指时间表示: (1)不迟于,在(某时)前。如:

英语介词用法大全

英语介词用法大全 TTA standardization office【TTA 5AB- TTAK 08- TTA 2C】

介词(The Preposition)又叫做前置词,通常置于名词之前。它是一种虚词,不需要重读,在句中不单独作任何句子成分,只表示其后的名词或相当于名词的词语与其他句子成分的关系。中国学生在使用英语进行书面或口头表达时,往往会出现遗漏介词或误用介词的错误,因此各类考试语法的结构部分均有这方面的测试内容。 1. 介词的种类 英语中最常用的介词,按照不同的分类标准可分为以下几类: (1). 简单介词、复合介词和短语介词 ①.简单介词是指单一介词。如: at , in ,of ,by , about , for, from , except , since, near, with 等。②. 复合介词是指由两个简单介词组成的介词。如: Inside, outside , onto, into , throughout, without , as to as for , unpon, except for 等。 ③. 短语介词是指由短语构成的介词。如: In front of , by means o f, on behalf of, in spite of , by way of , in favor of , in regard to 等。 (2). 按词义分类 {1} 表地点(包括动向)的介词。如: About ,above, across, after, along , among, around , at, before, behind, below, beneath, beside, between , beyond ,by, down, from, in, into , near, off, on, over, through, throught, to, towards,, under, up, unpon, with, within , without 等。 {2} 表时间的介词。如: About, after, around , as , at, before , behind , between , by, during, for, from, in, into, of, on, over, past, since, through, throughout, till(until) , to, towards , within 等。 {3} 表除去的介词。如: beside , but, except等。 {4} 表比较的介词。如: As, like, above, over等。 {5} 表反对的介词。如: againt ,with 等。 {6} 表原因、目的的介词。如: for, with, from 等。 {7} 表结果的介词。如: to, with , without 等。 {8} 表手段、方式的介词。如: by, in ,with 等。 {9} 表所属的介词。如: of , with 等。 {10} 表条件的介词。如:

英语介词用法详解

英语常用介词用法与辨析 ■表示方位的介词:in, to, on 1. in 表示在某地范围之内。如: Shanghai is/lies in the east of China. 上海在中国的东部。 2. to 表示在某地范围之外。如: Japan is/lies to the east of China. 日本位于中国的东面。 3. on 表示与某地相邻或接壤。如: Mongolia is/lies on the north of China. 蒙古国位于中国北边。 ■表示计量的介词:at, for, by 1. at表示“以……速度”“以……价格”。如: It flies at about 900 kilometers a hour. 它以每小时900公里的速度飞行。 I sold my car at a high price. 我以高价出售了我的汽车。 2. for表示“用……交换,以……为代价”。如: He sold his car for 500 dollars. 他以五百元把车卖了。 注意:at表示单价(price) ,for表示总钱数。 3. by表示“以……计”,后跟度量单位。如: They paid him by the month. 他们按月给他计酬。 Here eggs are sold by weight. 在这里鸡蛋是按重量卖的。 ■表示材料的介词:of, from, in 1. of成品仍可看出原料。如: This box is made of paper. 这个盒子是纸做的。 2. from成品已看不出原料。如: Wine is made from grapes. 葡萄酒是葡萄酿成的。 3. in表示用某种材料或语言。如: Please fill in the form in pencil first. 请先用铅笔填写这个表格。 They talk in English. 他们用英语交谈(from 。 注意:in指用材料,不用冠词;而with指用工具,要用冠词。请比较:draw in penc il/draw with a pencil。 ■表示工具或手段的介词:by, with, on 1. by用某种方式,多用于交通。如by bus乘公共汽车,by e-mail. 通过电子邮件。

高中英语45个介词的基本用法

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高中常见介词的基本用法

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介词的用法 1.表示地点位置的介词 1)at ,in, on, to,for at (1)表示在小地方; (2)表示“在……附近,旁边” in (1)表示在大地方; (2)表示“在…范围之内”。 on 表示毗邻,接壤,“在……上面”。 to 表示在……范围外,不强调是否接壤;或“到……” 2)above, over, on 在……上 above 指在……上方,不强调是否垂直,与below相对; over指垂直的上方,与under相对,但over与物体有一定的空间,不直接接触。 on表示某物体上面并与之接触。 The bird is flying above my head. There is a bridge over the river. He put his watch on the desk. 3)below, under 在……下面 under表示在…正下方 below表示在……下,不一定在正下方 There is a cat under the table. Please write your name below the line. 4)in front [frant]of, in the front of在……前面 in front of…意思是“在……前面”,指甲物在乙物之前,两者互不包括;其反义词是behind(在……的后面)。There are some flowers in front of the house.(房子前面有些花卉。) in the front of 意思是“在…..的前部”,即甲物在乙物的内部.反义词是at the back of…(在……范围内的后部)。 There is a blackboard in the front of our classroom. 我们的教室前边有一块黑板。 Our teacher stands in the front of the classroom. 我们的老师站在教室前.(老师在教室里) 5)beside,behind beside 表示在……旁边 behind 表示在……后面 2.表示时间的介词 1)in , on,at 在……时 in表示较长时间,如世纪、朝代、时代、年、季节、月及一般(非特指)的早、中、晚等。 如in the 20th century, in the 1950s, in 1989, in summer, in January, in the morning, in one’s life , in one’s thirties等。 on表示具体某一天及其早、中、晚。 如on May 1st, on Monday, on New Year’s Day, on a cold night in January, on a fine morning, on Sunday afternoon等。 at表示某一时刻或较短暂的时间,或泛指圣诞节,复活节等。 如at 3:20, at this time of year, at the beginning of, at the end of …, at the age of …, at Christmas,at night, at noon, at this moment等。 注意:在last, next, this, that, some, every 等词之前一律不用介词。如:We meet every day. 2)in, after 在……之后 “in +段时间”表示将来的一段时间以后; “after+段时间”表示过去的一段时间以后; “after+将来的时间点”表示将来的某一时刻以后。 3)from, since 自从…… from仅说明什么时候开始,不说明某动作或情况持续多久;

图解英语介词的基本用法

AT The ball is at the edge of the table. WITH The black brick is with the ball. FROM The ball is going from the hand. AGAINST The black brick is against the white b rick. TO The ball is going to the hand. ACROSS The black rod is across the white rod. AFTER3is after2. AMONG The ball is among the bricks. BEFORE1is before2. ABOUT The bricks are about the ball. THROUGH The rod is through the board. DOWN The ball is down. BETWEEN The ball is between the bricks. UP The ball is up. UNDER The ball is under the arch. ON The ball is on the table. OVER The arch is over the ball. OFF The ball is off the table. BY The ball is by the arch. IN The ball is in the bucket. OUT The ball is out of the basket.

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