2004年武汉大学考博英语真题及详解【圣才出品】

2004年武汉大学考博英语真题及详解

PartⅠReading Comprehension（30%）

Directions:There are4reading passages in this part.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A.,B.,C.,and D.You should decide on the best choice and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets.

Questions1to5are based on the following passage:

All types of stress study,whether under laboratory or real-life situations,study mechanisms for increasing the arousal level of the brain.

The brain blood flow studies show that reciting the days of the week and months of the year increases blood flow in appropriate areas,whereas problem solving which demands intense concentration of a reasoning type produces much larger changes in the distribution of blood in the brain.

Between these basic studies of brain function and real life situations there is still a considerable gap,but reasonable deduction seems possible to try and understand what happens to the brain.Life consists of a series of events which may be related to work or to our so-called leisure time.Work may be relatively automatic—as with typing,for instance,it requires intense concentration and repetition during the learning phase to establish a pattern in the brain.Then the typist’s fingers automatically move to hit the appropriate keys as she reads the

words on the copy.

However,when she gets tired she makes mistakes much more frequently.To overcome this she has to raise her level of arousal and concentration but beyond a certain point the automatic is lost and thinking about hitting the keys leads to more mistakes.

Other jobs involve intense concentration such as holding bottles of wine up to a strong light and turning them upside down to look for particles of dirt falling down.This sounds quite easy but experience teaches that workers can do this for only about thirty minutes before they start making a mistake.This is partly because the number of occasions with dirt in the bottle is low and the arousal level, therefore,fails.Scientists have shown that devices to raise arousal level will increase the accuracy of looking for relatively rare events.A recent study of the effect of loss of sleep in young doctors showed that in tests involving a challenge to their medical judgment when short of sleep they raised their arousal level and became better at tests of grammatical reasoning as well.

1.According to the brain blood flow studies,problem solving_____.

A.increases blood flow in some areas of the brain

B.causes changes in the distribution of blood in the brain

C.demands intense concentration of blood in certain areas

D.is based on the ability to recite the time

2.The author believes that_____.

A.the results obtained in the laboratory exactly reflects the real-life situations

B.the gap between the laboratory studies and real-life situations is too large to fill up

C.the gap between the laboratory studies and real-life situations can be closed

by proper reasoning

D.the difference between the laboratory studies and real-life situations will be

reduced

3.When a typist gets tired,_____.

A.she has to try hard to raise her automatic

B.she can type only automatically

C.she cannot think about what she is doing

D.she can seldom type automatically

4.Examining bottles of wine is hard work because_____.

A.the bottles must be held upside down

B.it is difficult to see the particles of dirt

C.it requires high level of automatic

D.most bottles are all right

5.According to the author,a key factor in the ability to reason is_____.

A.the subject’s knowledge of grammar

B.the amount of sleep the subject has had

C.the level of arousal of the subject

D.the extent to which the subject has been taught to reason

【答案与解析】

1.B第二段中解决问题会使脑部血液的分布produces much larger changes，B项符合

文意。

2.C第三段提到尽管关于大脑功能的基本研究和现实生活有很大的区别，but reasonable

deduction seems possible to try and understand what happens to the brain，合理推断大脑的运行机制似乎是可能的，C为正确答案。

3.A当打字员疲劳时，为了避免频繁犯错误，她必须提高清醒度和注意力，to overcome

this she has to raise her level of arousal and concentration，但是到了一定程度，the automatic is lost，也就是说她提高清醒度和注意力也就提高了automatic，因此A项正确。

4.D根据第五段内容“...is partly because the number of occasions with dirt in the

bottle is low”，即瓶子里带有灰尘的情况是很少的，表明most bottles are all right。

5.C最后一段提到当缺少睡眠时，医生raised their arousal level，并且better at tests of

grammatical reasoning as well，推理能力也有所提高，所以选C项。

【题海拾贝】

1.mechanism手法，技巧，程序

There are no mechanisms for transferring funds from one department to another.基金无法从一部门转移至另一部门。

2.upside down颠倒着，倒转着

They were hanging upside down.他们身体倒挂着。

3.particle微粒，粒子

He choked on a particle of food.他被一小粒食物给噎住了。

Questions6to10are based on the following passage:

Auctions are public sales of goods,conducted by an officially approved auctioneer.He asks the crowd assembled in the auction-room to make offers,or “bids”,for the various items on sale.He encourages buyers to bid higher figures, and finally names the highest bidder as the buyer of the goods.This is called “knocking down”the goods,for the bidding ends when the auctioneer bangs a small hammer on a table at which he stands.This is often set on a raised platform called a rostrum.

The ancient Romans probably invented sales by auction,and the English word comes from the Latin auctio,meaning“increase”.The Romans usually sold in this way the spoils taken in war;these sales were called sub basra,meaning“under the spear”,a spear being stuck in the ground as a signal for a crowd to gather.In England in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries goods were often sold“by the candle”:a short candle was lit by the auctioneer,and bids could be made while it stayed alight.

Practically all goods whose qualities vary are sold by auction.Among these are coffee,hides,skins,wool,tea,cocoa,furs,spices,fruit and vegetables and wines. Auction sales are also usual for land and property,antique furniture,pictures,rare books,old china and similar works of art.The auction rooms at Christie’s and Sotheby’s in London and New York are world famous.

An auction is usually advertised beforehand with full particulars of the articles to be sold and where and when they can be viewed by prospective buyers.If the

advertisement cannot give full details,catalogues are printed,and each group of goods to be sold together,called a“lot”is usually given a number.The auctioneer need not begin with Lot1and continue in numerical order;he may wait until he registers the fact that certain dealers are in the room and then produce the lots they are likely to be interested in.The auctioneer’s services are paid for in the form of a percentage of the price the goods are sold for.The auctioneer therefore has a direct interest in pushing up the bidding as high as possible.

The auctioneer must know fairly accurately the current market values of the goods he is selling,and he should be acquainted with regular buyers of such goods. He will not waste time by starting the bidding too low.He will also play on the rivalries among his buyers and succeed in getting a high price by encouraging two business competitors to bid against each other.It is largely on his advice that a seller will fix a“reserve”price,that is,a price below which the goods cannot be sold.Even the best auctioneers,however,find it difficult to stop a“knock out”, whereby dealers illegally arrange beforehand not to bid against each other,but nominate one of themselves as the only bidder,in the hope of buying goods at extremely low prices.If such a“knock-out”comes off,the real auction sale takes place privately afterwards among the dealers.

6.A candle used to burn at auction sales_____.

A.because they took place at night

B.as a signal for the crowd to gather

C.to keep the auctioneer warm