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2018年12月英语四级真题及答案

2018年12月大学英语四级真题及答案

第一部分写作

2018年12月大学英语四级考试写作真题(第1套)

2018年12月英语四级真题写作范文(出国留学的挑战)

【作文一参考范文】

It is well known that due to the booming economy and increasing family income, studying abroad has become an increasingly popular choice for students. Although studying abroad is often praised by people for its advantages, there are still some disadvantages to be noticed.

First of all, to study abroad is expensive. Specifically speaking, those involved have to spend a large amount of money on tuition and living expenses, which is not affordable for everyone. In addition, to study abroad is a great challenge for those students who lack the ability of living independently. If they can not take good care of themselves there, their academic performance will be affected to a large extent. Last but not least, to study abroad may exercise a negative influence on students’ mentality. As we all know, to study abroad equals to stay away from family and friends for a long time, which is likely to produce some psychological problems for those students, such as being solitary and gloomy.

From what has been mentioned above, we can easily come to the conclusion that the disadvantages of studying abroad can not be neglected. What’s more, those students who are planning to study abroad should make enough preparations for these problems mentioned above. Only in this way, can they have a fruitful and successful study life abroad.

【参考译文】

众所周知，随着经济的蓬勃发展和家庭收入的增加，出国留学已经成为越来越受学生欢迎的选择。虽然出国留学的优点经常被人们称赞，但仍有一些缺点需要注意。

首先，出国留学的费用是昂贵的。具体来说，这些人不得不花费一大笔钱在学费和生活费上，而这并不是每个人都负担得起的。此外，对于那些缺乏独立生活能力的学生来说，出国留学是一个巨大的挑战。如果他们不能照顾好自己，他们的学习成绩将在很大程度上受到影响。最后但并非最不重要，出国留学可能会对学生的心理产生负面影响。众所周知，出国留学等于长时间远离家人和朋友，这很可能使留学生产生一些心理问题，如孤僻和沮丧。

综上所述，我们不难得出以下结论：出国留学的缺点是不能忽视的。更重要的是，那些计划出国留学的学生应该为解决这些问题做好充足的准备。只有这样，他们才能有一个丰富多彩且成功的留学生活。

2018年12月英语四级真题作文:大城市生活的挑战

【作文二参考范文】

Recently the phenomenon of living in a big city has been brought into focus. With the population of dwelling in a big city increasing dramatically for its convenient infrastructure and higher wage level, the challenges have also aroused more and more concerns among the society.

First of all, the most obvious problem is the issue of traffic. In a big cities, traffic jam is quite common everywhere, especially in the rush time. Consequently, a large number of people have to spend much time in commuting. In the second place, with the growth of cars and buses in big cities, air pollution has become another disadvantage, which may do harm to the health of people. Last but not least, people living in a big city tend to endure more pressure of work and life, which may, directly or indirectly, influence their mental health.

So what will be the possible tendency of this situation in the following decades? From my

perspective, the number of people living in a big city will keep increasing owing to the truth that people prefer to enjoy the advantage of big city, however,the disadvantages of it should not be ignored.It would be advisable to prepare yourselves well to meet any challenges in the future.

【参考范文译文】

近年住在大城市的现象已经引起人们的广泛关注，越来越多得人选择住在大城市是因为大城市基础设施健全且工资水平较高，除了好处，住在大城市的挑战也成为人们关注话题。

首先，最明显的问题是交通。在大城市里，到处交通堵塞是很常见的现象，尤其是高峰期。很多人不得不花费大量的时间在通勤上。其次，随着大城市的汽车和公交车数量的增加，空气污染已成为在大城市生活的另一个劣势，这些污染很有可能会危及人们的健康。最后，生活在大城市的人会有承担更多的生活和工作压力，这对他们的心理健康也很不利。

在接下来几年这种现象会保持什么样的趋势呢?在我看来，住在大城市的人口会因享受大城市的便利而不断增加，然而人们也应该注意到生活在大城市的弊端，想要应对各种挑战最好是自己时刻保持状态良好。

以上就关于四级作文的范文及解析，今年的作文话题依旧是围绕社会热点展开，从难度上看，没有超出同学们熟悉的话题，建议同学们在今后的学习中也要注意对热点话题的关注，并且记忆常用表达结构，轻松输出高分作文。

2018年12月四级真题作文范文(毕业后的创业挑战)

【作文三参考范文】

The Challenges of Starting a Career after Graduation

Facing the rising employment pressure, a host of college graduates choose to start a career instead of looking for a regular job in a company. As we all know that, starting a career is beneficial to realize one’s own dreams and value. However, it is also widely acknowle dged that stating a career will be inevitably confronted with numerous challenges.

When it comes to the challenges that we may meet in the process of staring a career, the main ones can be listed as follows. First of all, as freshmen who have just entered into the society, it is obvious that college graduates lack related experience, which will increase the rate of failure they may encounter during starting a career. Being short of entrepreneurial experience is one of difficulties that college graduates need to overcome. In addition, the collection of money is another problem they should solve urgently. Otherwise, there is no possibility of starting a career. Although starting a career after graduation has so many challenges to be solved, college graduates still need take a positive attitude towards it. Moreover, prudent consideration and entrepreneurial spirit are also necessary for graduates to start a career.

【四级写作范文译文】

面对日益增加的竞争压力，众多大学生选择自己创业，而非选择一家公司过朝九晚六的生活。尽管创业有助于个人实现自我价值和梦想，但众所周知的是，创业同样不可避免地会面临很多挑战。

提及刚毕业大学生创业可能面临的困难，主要的挑战如下所述。首先，作为刚步入社会的新人，大学生在工作经验方面显然很是欠缺，这就增加了他们在创业过程中失败的几率。缺乏经验只是挑战之一。此外，资金的筹措是刚毕业大学生创业过程中另一个需要亟待解决的问题，缺乏资金则创业无门。

尽管刚毕业就创业面临着众多困难，但是大学生仍旧需要对创业保持积极乐观的态度，而且，审慎的态度和创业的精神也是刚毕业大学生创业必不可少的品质。

第二部分听力

News 1

A device that weighs less than one kilogram is part of a mission that will allow scientists to deliver fourth generation or 4G mobile coverage to the moon in 2019. If successful, the tiny device will provide the moon with its first ever mobile phone network. The lunar network will support high definition streaming of video and data between the moon and earth. The network is part of a mission to the moon. This is a project with the goal of landing the first privately paid for mission to the moon. The 4G mission is set to launch from Cape Canaveral in the United States on a space X Falcon 9 rocket in 2019. Mission to the moon intends to establish and test the first elements of a communications network on the moon. The scientists working on the project opted to build a 4G rather than a fifth generation or 5G network. This is because fifth generation networks are still in testing and trial phases. This means that a 5G network may not yet be stable enough to work on the moon’s surface.

Question 1: What are scientists planning to do?

Question 2: Why did scientists choose to set up a 4G network in their mission?

News 2

It’s responded to a fire Wednesday night at an abandoned mall in Heywood. The fire was reported at 9:26 pm at an old shopping center on Michigan Avenue near St. Mary’s Church. Six fire e ngines, two trucks and two chiefs responded to the scene. Crews had the fire under control in about 45 minutes and managed to contain the fire to its point of origin. There were some people inside the building when the fire broke out but there were no reports of any injuries. Fire investigators have responded to the scene but have not yet determined the cause of the fire. Firefighters will remain on the scene until later this morning to ensure that the fire doesn’t start up again. The shopping mall had not been in use since 2002. In 2014 City Hall developed a plan to knock down the building and replace it with affordable housing. However the plan was dropped due to lack of funds.

Question 3: What does the news item say about the fire?

Question 4: What had City Hall planned to do?

News 3

Potato chips in Japan are being sold for 6X their normal price. This is after the country’s main manufacturer stopped sales due to a potato shortage. Storms and floods and its main potato growing region last year caused the worst harvest and more than 3 decades. Local media reports suggest Calbee and its main rival Koike-ya are halting almost 50 products.

“We don’t know when we’ll be able to restart”, a company spokesman said. Snack lovers are panic buying and many supermarket shelves are bare. Japanese laws limit the amount of imported potatoes that can be used in Japanese made products. Japan says fear of disease is its main reason to block fresh imports. It still only allows potatoes from selected US states. This is only at certain times and on condition that they are processed at factories based near Japanese ports.

But global warming has raised the possibility that domestic produce could be seriously affected by rare weather events more often.

Question 5: What problem is Japan facing?

Question 6: Why does Japan limit the import of potatoes?

Question 7: What might affect Japanese domestic produce?

Conversation 1

M: Mr. Brown’s lectures are so boring.

W: Yes, he is not a very exciting speaker. But the subject is interesting.

M: During every one of his lectures, I try to listen I really try. But after about 10 minutes my mind begins to wander and I lose concentration. But I see that you seem to be OK. How do you stay focused through the entire hour?

W: Well, what I do is keep my pen moving.

M: What do you mean?

W: It’s a method of active concentration I read about. One of the most effective ways to concentrate is to write things down. But it has to be done by hand, not typing on a keyboard. You see writing by hand forces you to ac tually engage with what you’re learning in a more physical way.

M: Do you review your notes afterwards then?

W: Sometimes but that’s not important. My notes may or may not be useful but the point is that by writing down what Mr. Brand says I can follow his line of thinking more easily. In fact, sometimes I draw a little too.

M: You draw in class and that helps me pay attention?

W: Yes, honestly it works for me. I just draw little lines and nonsense really. It was also in that article I read. It can keep the mind active, prevent getting bored and help to concentrate. Again the point is to listen hard while keeping the pen moving. If I’m at home and I need to study what I do is read out loud. It has a similar effect to writing by hand. It helps memorize information in a physical way.

Question 8: What does the man think of Mr. Brown’s lectures?

Question 9: What does the woman do during Mr. Brown’s lectures?

Question 10: Why does the woman draw in class?

Question 11: What does the woman say about reading out loud?

Conversation 2

M: And where is this?

F: These photos are from the Taj Mahal in India. We went there about ten years ago for our honeymoon.

M: Was it romantic.

F: Yeah. The Taj Mahal was a very romantic place. The guide told us there is a famous love story behind this building that all Indians learn in school. I think it was during the 1600 and the princess at that time died while giving birth to her 14th child. The Emperor loved the princess so much and was so sad when she died that he ordered the palace to be built in her honor.

M: Wow! That sounds very romantic. It looks amazing.

F: Yes it’s gorgeous. It’s also larger in real life than it looks in the photos. The building is very tall and there are gardens in a wall around it all. It’s all built in this white stone and some walls of the building are decorated with jewels.

M: It must have been very crowded when you were there.

F: Yes it’s a very famous tourist destination. So there are thousands of visitors every day.

M: Was the rest of India crowded?

F: Yes, very crowded in many cities. It was sometimes so crowded that it was difficult to walk along the streets especially through busy markets. And there are so many cars. Traffic was terrible but the people were friendly. The culture is amazing and we had a great time.

M: What about the food?

F: the Indian food is great. There are lots of different dishes to try and every region has its own special food.

Question 12: For what purpose did the woman go to India?

Question 13: Why was the Taj Mahal built?

Question 14: What does the woman say about the Taj Mahal?

Question 15: What is the woman‘s impression of Indian cities?

Passage 1

A Pew Research Center survey of more than 1000 Americans conducted in April 2016 finds that Americans continue to express largely positive views about the current state of their local public libraries. For instance around three quarters say that public libraries provide them with the resources they need and 66 percent say the closing of their local public library would have a major impact on their community. Although notably just 33 percent say this would have a major impact on them personally or on their family. A majority of Americans feel libraries are doing a good job of providing a safe place for people to hang out or spend time as well as opening up educational opportunities for people of all ages and roughly half think their libraries contribute a lot to their communities in terms of helping spark creativity among young people and providing a trusted place for people to learn about new technologies. As in past Pew Research Center surveys of library use the April 2016 survey also measured Americans usage of and engagement with libraries. Overall, 53 percent of Americans ages 16 and older have had some interaction with the puppet library in the past year either through an in person visit or using a library Web site some 48 percent of adults specifically visited a library in the past 12 months. A modest increase from the 44 percent who said that in late 2015.

Question 16: What do most Americans say about local public libraries?

Question 17: How can local public libraries benefit young people?

Question 18：What does the 2016 survey show about adult library users?

Passage 2

A Savannah cat is a crossbreed between a domestic cat and a medium-sized wild African cat called the Serval. The unusual cross became popular among breeders at the end of the 1990s. And in 2001, the International Cat Association accepted it as a new registered breed. The savannahs are tall and slim and can weigh up to nine point one kilograms, making them one of the largest breeds of cats that people can own. They have a spotted code similar to that of many types of wild cats and their ears are very large. They are also commonly compared to dogs in their loyalty and can be trained to walk on a lead and to fetch, and often noted characteristic of the Savannah is its jumping ability. They are known to jump on top of doors and high cabinets. Some can leap about 2.5 metres high from a standing position. Cats are typically known for being very inquisitive and so are the Savannahs. They often learn how to open doors and cupboards. Many Savannah cats do not fear water and will play with or even dive into water. Some owners even shower with their Savannah Cats, presenting a water bowl to Savannah may also prove a challenge, as some will promptly begin to bat all the water out of the bowl until it is empty using their front paws. Question 19: What do we learn about the savannah cat?

Question 20: What is characteristic of Savannah cats?

Question 21: What do some people do with their Savannah cats?

Passage 3

When children start school for the very 1st time parents often feel a sense of excitement coupled with a touch of sadness at the end of an era. This is the start of a new adventure for children playing and interacting with new friends sharing, taking turns and settling into a new routine.

But of course, this is not the start of your child’s education which in fact began at birth. Back then, you would have been your child’s most influ ential teachers. During this time at home, your child would have learnt more than at any other period in their life. During your child’s first year in school much time will be spent in learning to read and they need to know that this is fun and worthwhile. Your child will naturally copy you so it is important that you are seen reading and enjoying books newspapers and magazines rather than just absorbed in screens. Ultimately an excellent education should be a close partnership between parents and teachers. A child’s year splits fairly neatly into thirds: a 3rd at school, a 3rd asleep and a third awake at home or on holiday.

Irrespective of the quality of a school a child‘s home life is of key importance. It is the determining factor of their academic success. Your child may have started on a new journey but your work is far from finished.

Question 22: How do parents feel when their children start going to school?

Question 23: What does the passage say about children’s education?

Question 24: What should pare nts do for the success of their children’s education?

Question 25: What does the passage say is the key factor of loinbo’s academic success?

听力答案

News report 1:

1. C) Set up a mobile phone network on the moon.

2. A) It is stable.

News report 2:

3. B) No injuries were yet reported.

4. B) Pull down the deserted shopping mall.

News report 3:

5. D) Insufficient potato supply.

6. C) It is afraid of the spread of disease.

Section B

Conversation 1:

8. C) Dull.

9. D) She takes notes.

10. A) It keeps her mind active.

11. B) It helps her better remember what she learns.

Conversation 2:

12. A) To spend her honeymoon.

13. A) In memory of a princess.

14. D) It has walls decorated with jewels.

15. B) They are mostly crowded.

Section C

Passage 1

16. C) They provide residents with the resources needed.

17. B) By inspiring their creativity.

18. D) Their number increased modestly

Passage 2

19. C) It is an unusual cross breed.

20. A) They are as loyal as dogs.

21. C) They shower with them.

Passage 3

22. D) Excited but somewhat sad.

23. A) It starts the moment they are born.

24. D) Set a good example for them to follow.

25. B) Their home life.

第三部分阅读理解

匹配题1

Food-as-Medicine Movement is witnessing progress.

36-40 DBGFI 41-45 FCJEG

36. More than half of the food Americans eat is factory-produced.

37. There is a special program that assigns doctors to give advice to shoppers in food stores.

38. There is growing evidence from research that food helps patients recover from various illnesses.

39. A healthy breakfast can be prepared quickly and easily.

40. Training a patient to prepare healthy food can change their life.

41. One food-as-medicine program not only prescribes food for treatment but teaches patients how to cook it.

42. Scott is not keen on cooking food herself thinking it would simply be a waste of time.

43. Diabetes patients are advised to eat more plant-based food.

44. Using food as medicine is no novel idea but the movement is making headway these days.

45. Americans’ high rates of vario us illnesses result from the way they eat.

2018年12月大学英语四级考试真题(第2套)

匹配题2

Is it really OK to eat food that’s fallen on the floor?

36-40 FCLEA 41-45 NMDKH

36. A research project found bacteria made their way to the food on the floor in five seconds.

37. Whether food is contaminated depends much on the number of bacteria that get onto it.

38. Food contamination may result from various factors other than food dropping on the floor.

39. Males are less likely than females to eat food that may have been contaminated.

40. The author’s research centers around how food gets contaminated.

41. Keeping everything clean is the best way to stay healthy.

42. Chances are you will not fall sick because of eating food picked up from the floor.

43. For a long time people have had the experience of deciding whether or not to eat food picked up from the floor.

44. Some strains of bacteria are so harmful that a tiny few can have deadly consequences.

45. Researchers found how many bacteria got into the food did not have much to do with how long the food stayed on a contaminated floor.

2018年12月大学英语四级考试真题(第3套)

匹配题3

How a poor abandoned Parisian boy became a top chef?

36-40 GMFCE DAHKB

36.Careme was among the first chefs who stressed both the appearance and flavor of dishes.

37.Careme wanted to show to later generations that French chefs of his time were most world.

38.Careme benefited greatly from serving a French diplomat and his connections.

39.Careme learned his trade from a famous dessert chef in Paris.

40.Careme’s creative works wer e exhibited in the shop windows by his master.

41.Careme’s knowledge of art and architecture helped him create extraordinary desserts out of ordinary ingredient.

42.Many people in Paris were eager to have a look at the latest sweet food made by Careme.

43.Careme became extremely wealthy by cooking for rich and socially ambitious families.

44.Careme’s writing dealt with fundamental cooking principles in a systematic way.

45.Careme’s contribution to French cooking was revolutionary.

第四部分深度阅读

Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension ( 40 minutes)

Section B

Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

Food-as-Medicine Movement Is Witnessing Progress

[A] Several times a month, you can find a doctor in the aisles of Ralph’s market in Huntington Beach, California, wearing a white coat and helping people learn about food. On one recent day, this doctor was Daniel Nadeau, wandering the cereal aisle with Allison Scott, giving her some idea on how t o feed kids who persistently avoid anything that is healthy. “Have you thought about trying fresh juices in the morning?” he asks her. “The frozen oranges and apples are a little cheaper, and fruits are really good for the brain. Juices are quick and easy to prepare, you can take the frozen fruit out the night before and have it ready the next morning.”

[B] Scott is delighted to get food advice from a physician who is program director of the nearby Mary and Dick Allen Diabetes Center, part of the St. Joseph Hoag Health alliance. The center’s ‘Shop with Your Doc’ program sends doctors to the grocery store to meet with any patients who sign up for the service, plus any other shoppers who happen to be around with questions.

[C] Nadeau notices the pre-made macaroni (通心粉)-and-cheese boxes in Scott’s shopping cart and suggests she switch to whole grain macaroni and real cheese. “So I’d have to make it?”she asks, her enthusiasm fading at the thought of how long that might take, just to have her kids reject it. “I’m not sure they’d eat it. They just won’t eat it.”

[D] Nadeau says sugar and processed foods are big contributors to the rising diabetes rates among children. “In America, over 50 percent of our food is processed food,” Nadeau tells her. “And only 5 percent of our food is plant-based food. I think we should try to reverse that.” Scott agrees to try more fruit juices for the kids and to make real macaroni and cheese. Score one point for the doctor,

zero for diabetes.

[E] Nadeau is part of a small revolution developing across California. The food-as-medicine movement has been around for decades, but it’s making progress as physicians and medical institutions make food a formal part of treatment, rather than relying solely on medications (药物). By prescribing nutr itional changes or launching programs such as ‘Shop with your Doc’, they are trying to prevent, limit or even reverse disease by changing what patients eat. “There’s no question people can take things a long way toward reversing diabetes, reversing high blood pressure, even preventing cancer by food choices,” Nadeau says.

[F] In the big picture, says Dr. Richard Afable, CEO and president of ST. Joseph Hoag Health, medical institutions across the state are starting to make a philosophical switch to becoming a health organization, not just a health care organization. That feeling echoes the beliefs of the Therapeutic Food Pantry program at Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, which completed its pilot phase and is about to expand on an ongoing basis to five clinic sites throughout the city. The program will offer patients several bags of food prescribed for their condition, along with intensive training in how to cook it. “We really want to link food and medicine, and not just give away food,” says Dr. Rita Nguyen, the hospital’s medical director of Healthy Food Initiatives. “We want people to understand what they’re eating, how to prepare it, the role food plays in their lives.”

[G] In Southern California, Loma Linda University School of Medicine is offering specialized training for its resident physicians in Lifestyle Medicine — that is a formal specialty in using food to treat disease. Research findings increasingly show the power of food to treat or reverse diseases, but that does not mean that diet alone is always the solution, or that every illness can benefit substantially from dietary changes. Nonetheless, physicians say that they look at the collective data and a clear picture emerges: that the salt, sugar, fat and processed foods in the American diet contribute to the nation’s high rates of obesity, diabetes and heart disease. According to the World Health Organization, 80 percent of deaths from heart disease and stroke are caused by high blood pressure, tobacco use, elevated cholesterol and low consumption of fruits and vegetables.

[H] “It’s a different paradigm(范式) of how to treat disease,” says Dr. Brenda Rea, who helps run the family and preventive medicine residency program at Loma Linda University School of Medicine. The lifestyle medicine specialty is designed to train doctors in how to prevent and treat disease, in part, by changing patients’ nutritional habits. The medical center and school at Loma Linda also has a food cupboard and kitchen for patients. This way, patients not only learn about which foods to buy, but also how to prepare them at home.

[I] Many people don’t know how to cook, Rea says, and they only know how to heat things up. That means depending on packaged food with high salt and sugar content. So teaching people about which foods are healthy and how to prepare them, she says, can actually transform a patient’s life. And beyond that, it might transform the health and lives of that patient’s family. “What people eat can be medicine or poison,” Rea says. “As a physician, nutritio n is one of the most powerful things you can change to reverse the effects of long-term disease.”

[J] Studies have explored evidence that dietary changes can slow inflammation(炎症), for example, or make the body inhospitable to cancer cells. In general, many lifestyle medicine physicians recommend a plant-based diet —particularly for people with diabetes or other inflammatory conditions.

[K] “As what happened with tobacco, this will require a cultural shift, but that can happen,” says

Nguyen. “In the same w ay physicians used to smoke, and then stopped smoking and were able to talk to patients about it, I think physicians can have a bigger voice in it.”

36. More than half of the food Americans eat is factory-produced.

37. There is a special program that assigns doctors to give advice to shoppers in food stores.

38. There is growing evidence from research that food helps patients recover from various illnesses.

39. A healthy breakfast can be prepared quickly and easily.

40. Training a patient to prepare healthy food can change their life.

41. One food-as-medicine program not only prescribes food for treatment but teaches patients how to cook it.

42. Scott is not keen on cooking food herself, thinking it would simply be a waste of time.

43. Diabetes patients are advised to eat more plant-based food.

44. Using food as medicine is no novel idea, but the movement is making headway these days.

45. Americans’ high rates of various illnesses result from the way they eat.

2018年12月英语四级阅读真题选词填空(第一套)

Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension ( 40 minutes)

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.

Millions die early from air pollution each year. Air pollution costs the global economy more than $5 trillion annually in welfare costs, with the most serious 26 occurring in the developing world. The figures include a number of costs 27 with air pollution. Lost income alone amounts to $225 billion a year.

The report includes both indoor and outdoor air pollution. Indoor pollution, which includes

28 like home heating and cooking, has remained 29 over the past several decades despite advances in the area. Levels of outdoor pollution have grown rapidly along with rapid growth in industry and transportation.

Director of Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation Chris Murray 30 it as an “urgent call to action.”“One of the risk factors for premature deaths is the air we breathe, over which individuals have little 31 ,”he said.

The effects of air pollution are worst in the developing world, where in some places lost-labor income 32 nearly 1% of GDP. Around 9 in 10 people in low-and middle-income countries live in places where they 33 experience dangerous levels of outdoor air pollution.

But the problem is not limited 34 to the developing world. Thousands die prematurely in the U.S. as a result of related illnesses. In many European countries, where diesel(柴油) 35 have become more common in recent years, that number reaches tens of thousands.

2018年12月英语四级选词填空题目：

Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.

The report includes both indoor and outdoor air pollution. Indoor pollution, which includes

Direc tor of Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation Chris Murray 30 it as an “urgent call to action.”“One of the risk factors for premature deaths is the air we breathe, over which individuals have little 31 ,”he said.

A)ability I)exclusively

B)associated J)innovated

C)consciously K)regularly

D)constant L)relates

E)control M)sources

F)damage N)undermine

G)described O)vehicles

H)equals

2018年12月英语四级选词填空答案：

26. F damage (损害)

27. B associated (与……有联系)

28. M sources (来源)

29. D constant (不断的，常存在的)

30. G described (描述)

31. E control (控制)

32. H equals (等同于)

33. K regularly (经常地)

34. I exclusively (仅仅，唯一地)

35. O vehicles (车辆)

2018年12月英语四级选词填空答案解析：

26. F damage

空格所在句子的含义为：空气污染每年在福利费用方面给全球经济造成5万多亿损失，最大的... ...发生在发展中国家。根据上下文可知这里应该填入一个跟损失有关联的词汇，另外在语法上这里应该填入一个名词被devastating，“具有破坏力的”修饰，所以我们应该可以确定答案为damage，“损害”n.

27. B associated

空格所在句子的含义为：这个福利数字包含许多与空气污染... ...的福利费用，比如健康与消费。根据语法上判断，这里应该填入一个过去分词做costs 的后置定语，另外从语义上判断，associated with air pollution做cost的后置定语，表示与空气污染相关的费用，语义上也符合上下文语境。

28. M sources

空格所在的句子的含义为：室内污染，包括像暖气和做饭一样的... ...。从语法上判断这里应该填入名词，并且这个名词是一个大范围的词可以包括暖气和做饭，另外从语义上判断sources like home heating and cooking 表示像暖气和做饭一样的来源也符合上下文语境。29. D constant

空格所在句子的句子，是28空所在句子的下半句，含义为：室内污染，包括像暖气和做饭一样的来源，在过去的几十年间... ...，尽管室内污染这个区域取得了一些进步。从语法上判断，这里应该填入一个形容词，另外从语义上判断，constant“不断的，常存在的”，符合上下文语境。

30. G described

空格所在句子的含义为：Chris Murray 参与了这次报告，她把这次报告...为对行动的紧急呼吁。从语法上，这里应该填入一个谓语动词，另外从语义上看，describe表示描述，符合上下文语境。

31. E control

空格所在句子的含义为：在所有造成过早死的不同危险因素当中，我们所呼吸的空气是一个领域，对于这一点个人无法... ...。从语法上判断，本空应该填入一个名词，从语义上看，control 表示控制，符合上下文语境。

32. H equals

空格所词组的含义为：收入几乎... ... GDP的1%。从语法上判断，本空应该填入一个动词，从语义上看equal表示等同于，符合上下文语境。

33. K regularly

空格所在句子的含义为：低中收入国家当约十分之九的人住在有空气污染的地区，在这些地区他们... ... 经受达到危险水平的室外空气污染。从语法上判断，本空应该填入一个副词，

来修饰动词experience，“经受”，从语义上看regularly experience，表示经常经受，符合上下文语境。

34. I exclusively

空格所在句子的含义为：但是这个问题不... ...局限于发展中国家。从语法上判断，本空应该填入一个副词，修饰动词limited，“局限”，从语义上看exclusively“唯一的，仅仅”，符合上下文语境。

35. O vehicles

空格所在句子的含义为：在许多欧洲国家，柴油车辆在近几年变得更加普遍。从语法上判断，本空应该填入一个名词，来被diesel修饰，，从语义上看diesel vehicles表示柴油车辆，复合上下文语境。

Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

California has been facing a drought for many years now, with certain areas even having to pump freshwater hundreds of miles to their distribution system. The problem is growing as the population of the state continues to expand. New research has found deep water reserves under the state which could help solve their drought crisis. Previous drilling of wells could only reach depths of 1,000 feet, but due to new pumping practices, water deeper than this can now be extracted （抽取）. The team at Stanford investigated the aquifers（地下蓄水层）below this depth and found that reserves may be triple what was previously thought.

It is profitable to drill to depths more than 1,000 feet for oil and gas extraction, but only recently in California has it become profitable to pump water from this depth. The aquifers range from 1,000 to 3,000 feet below the ground, which means that pumping will be expensive and there are other concerns. The biggest concern of pumping out water from this deep in the gradual settling down of the land surface. As the water is pumped out, the vacant space left is compacted by the weight of the earth above.

Even though pumping from these depths is expensive, it is still cheaper than desalinating（脱盐）the ocean water in the largely coastal state. Some desalination plants exist where feasible, but they are costly to run and can need constant repairs. Wells are much more reliable sources of freshwater, and California is hoping that these deep wells may be the answer to their severe water shortage. One problem with these sources is that the deep water also has a higher level of salt than shallower aquifers. This means that some wells may even need to undergo desalination after extraction, thus increasing the cost. Research from the exhaustive study of groundwater from over 950 drilling logs has just been published. New estimates of the water reserves now go up to 2,700 billion cubic meters of freshwater.

46.How could California’s drought crisis be solved according to some researchers?

A) By building more reserves of groundwater.

B) By drawing water from the depths of the earth.

C) By developing more advanced drilling devices.

D) By upgrading its water distribution system.

47.What can be inferred about extracting water from deep aquifers?

A) It was deemed vital to solving the water problem.

B) It was not considered worth the expense.

C) It may not provide quality freshwater.

D) It is bound to gain support from the local people.

48. What is mentioned as a consequence of extracting water from deep underground？

A) The sinking of land surface. C) The damage to aquifers.

B) The harm to the ecosystem. D) The change of the climate.

49. What does the author say about deep wells?

A) They run without any need for repairs.

B) They are entirely free from pollutants.

C) They are the ultimate solution to droughts.

D) They provide a steady supply of freshwater.

50. What may happen when deep aquifers are used as water sources?

A) People’s health may improve with cleaner water.

B) People’s water bills may be lowered considerably.

C) The cost may go up due to desalination.

D) They may be exhausted sooner or later.

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

The AlphaGo program’s victory is an example of how smart computers have become.

But can artificial intelligence (AI) machines act ethically, meaning can they be honest and fair? One example of AI is driverless cars. They are already on California roads, so it is not too soon to ask whether we can program a machine to act ethically. As driverless cars improve, they will save lives. They will make fewer mistakes than human drivers do. Sometimes, however, they will face a choice between lives. Should the cars be programmed to avoid hitting a child running across the road, even if that will put their passengers at risk? What about making a sudden turn to avoid a dog? What if the only risk is damage to the car itself, not to the passengers?

Perhaps there will be lessons to learn from driverless cars, but they are not super-intelligent beings. Teaching ethics to a machine even more intelligent than we are will be the bigger challenge. About the same time as AlphaGo’s triumph, Microsoft’s ‘chatbot’ took a bad turn. The software, named Taylor, was designed to answer messages from people aged 18-24. Taylor was supposed to be able to learn from the messages she received. She was designed to slowly improve her ability to handle conversations, but some people were teaching Taylor racist ideas. When she started saying nice things about Hitler, Microsoft turned her off and deleted her ugliest messages.

AlphaGo’s victory and Taylor’s defeat happened at about the same time. This should be a warning to us. It is one thing to use AI within a game with clear rules and clear goals. It is something very different to use AI in the real world. The unpredictability of the real world may bring to the surface a troubling software problem.

Eric Schmidt is one of the bosses of Google, which own AlphoGo. He thinks AI will be positive for humans. He said people will be the winner, whatever the outcome. Advances in AI will make human beings smarter, more able and “just better human beings.”

51.What does the author want to show with the example of AlphaGo’s victory?

A)Computers will prevail over human beings.

B)Computers have unmatched potential.

C)Computers a re man’s potential rivals.

D)Computers can become highly intelligent.

52.What does the author mean by AI machines acting ethically?

A)They are capable of predicting possible risks.

B)They weigh the gains and losses before reaching a decision.

C)They make sensible decisions when facing moral dilemmas.

D)They sacrifice everything to save human lives.

53.What is said to be the bigger challenge facing humans in the AI age?

A)How to make super-intelligent AI machines share human feelings.

B)How to ensure that super-intelligent AI machines act ethically.

C)How to prevent AI machines doing harm to humans.

D)How to avoid being over-dependent on AI machines.

54.What do we learn about Microsoft’s ‘chatbot’ Taylor?

A)She could not distinguish good from bad.

B)She could turn herself off when necessary.

C)She was not made to handle novel situations.

D)She was good at performing routine tasks.

55. What does Eric Schmidt think of artificial intelligence?

A) It will be far superior to human beings.

B) It will keep improving as time goes by.

C) It will prove to be an asset to human beings.

D) It will be here to stay whatever the outcome.

Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension ( 40 minutes)

Section C

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

46.How could California’s drought crisis be solved accor ding to some researchers?

A) By building more reserves of groundwater.

B) By drawing water from the depths of the earth.

C) By developing more advanced drilling devices.

D) By upgrading its water distribution system.

47.What can be inferred about extracting water from deep aquifers?

A) It was deemed vital to solving the water problem.

B) It was not considered worth the expense.

C) It may not provide quality freshwater.

D) It is bound to gain support from the local people.

48. What is mentioned as a consequence of extracting water from deep underground？

A) The sinking of land surface. C) The damage to aquifers.

B) The harm to the ecosystem. D) The change of the climate.

49. What does the author say about deep wells?

A) They run without any need for repairs.

B) They are entirely free from pollutants.

C) They are the ultimate solution to droughts.

D) They provide a steady supply of freshwater.

50. What may happen when deep aquifers are used as water sources?

A) People’s health may improve with c leaner water.

B) People’s water bills may be lowered considerably.

C) The cost may go up due to desalination.

D) They may be exhausted sooner or later.

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

The AlphaGo program’s victory is an e xample of how smart computers have become.

Perhaps there will be lessons to learn from driverless cars, but they are not super-intelligent beings. Teaching ethics to a machine even more intelligent than we are will be the bigger challenge.

About the same time as AlphaGo’s triumph, Microsoft’s ‘chatbot’ took a bad turn. The software, named Taylor, was designed to answer messages from people aged 18-24. Taylor was supposed to be able to learn from the messages she received. She was designed to slowly improve her ability to handle conversations, but some people were teaching Taylor racist ideas. When she started saying nice things about Hitler, Microsoft turned her off and deleted her ugliest messages.

51.What does the author want to show with the example of AlphaGo’s victory?

A)Computers will prevail over human beings.

B)Computers have unmatched potential.

C)Computers are man’s potential rivals.

D)Computers can become highly intelligent.

52.What does the author mean by AI machines acting ethically?

A)They are capable of predicting possible risks.

B)They weigh the gains and losses before reaching a decision.

C)They make sensible decisions when facing moral dilemmas.

D)They sacrifice everything to save human lives.

53.What is said to be the bigger challenge facing humans in the AI age?

A)How to make super-intelligent AI machines share human feelings.

B)How to ensure that super-intelligent AI machines act ethically.

C)How to prevent AI machines doing harm to humans.

D)How to avoid being over-dependent on AI machines.

54.What do we learn about Mic rosoft’s ‘chatbot’ Taylor?

A)She could not distinguish good from bad.

B)She could turn herself off when necessary.

C)She was not made to handle novel situations.

D)She was good at performing routine tasks.

55. What does Eric Schmidt think of artificial intelligence?

A) It will be far superior to human beings.

B) It will keep improving as time goes by.

C) It will prove to be an asset to human beings.

D) It will be here to stay whatever the outcome.

2018年12月四级阅读理解真题答案(美国加州获取地下水)

【四级仔细阅读第一篇参考答案】

46. 【B】By drawing water from the depths of the earth。

答案解析：根据题干中的“California’s drought crisis”、“researchers”定位到文章第一段第三句“New research has found deep water reserves under the state which could help solve their drought crisis”意为“最新的研究表明，位于州地下的深水储量可以帮助解决干旱危机”，B选项意为“通过获取地表下深处的水源...”与原文意义相同，且“drawing water”、“depth of the earth”可

以和“deep water reserves”、“under the state” 进行同义替换，因此B选项正确。

47. 【B】It was not considered worth the expense.

答案解析：根据题干，“从地下提取水源”可以得出哪些结论，定位到原文第二段的内容，前两句主要说从深水层提取水花费会很高，尤其是第二句后半句“...,which means that pum ping will be expensive and there are other concerns”意为“抽水将会很贵并且还会有其他问题”。对比四个选项，只有B选项，“认为这笔花费不值得”可以对应，为正确选项。A选项“By building more reserves of groundwater”原文没有提及建立更多储水空间，为错误选项;C选项“建立更多的钻口设备”，原文没有提及可以排除;D选项“升级分配系统”原文也未提及，排除。

48. 【A】The sinking of land surface.

答案解析：题干意为“提取地下水的结果是什么?”，根据关键词定位到原文第二段第三句“The biggest concern of pumping out water from this deep in the gradual settling down of the land surface”意为“从这个深度提取水源最大的问题就是地表会逐渐下移”后面一句又进一步解释“As the water is pumped out, the vacant space left is compacted by the w eight of the earth above.”“提取水源后，留下的空隙会被地表的重量压缩”。A选项意为“地表下沉”，符合原意，为正确选项，其他三个选项原文均未提及。

49. 【D】They provide a steady supply of freshwater.

答案解析：题干问作者关于深井的观点。根据“deep well”定位到原文第三段最后一句话的前半句“Wells are much more reliable sources of freshwater，...”意为“这些深井是非常稳定的淡水资源”，对应四个选项，只有D选项“他们提供了一种稳定的淡水供给”符合，“reliable”和“steady”为近义词可替换，且有原词“freshwater”复现，因此为正确选项。

50. 【C】The cost may go up due to desalination.

答案解析：题干问“当深水层被用于淡水资源来源地，可能会出现什么现象”，根据题干要求定位到第四段第二句“ This means that some wells may even need to undergo desalination a fter extraction, thus increasing the cost”意为“有些井可能在提取后需要进行脱盐，因此会增加成本”，注意结果词“thus”，对比四个选项，只有C选项提及成本可能会因为脱盐上升，为正确选项。

2018年12月四级阅读真题答案解析(人工智能)

51.What does the author want to show with the example of Alpha Go`s victory?

https://www.sodocs.net/doc/5217701502.html,puters can become highly intelligent.

解析：首先按照题文同序原则以及关键词定位到文章第一段The Alpha Go program’s victory is an example of how smart computers have become.该句为段落中心句，阿尔法狗这一科研项目的成功，是计算机变得聪明和智能化的一个例证。smart同义替换intelligent，故D选项为本题正确答案。

52. What does the author mean by AI machines acting ethically?

B.They weigh the gains and losses before reaching a decision.

解析：通过acting ethically定位至文章第二段，第二段写到Sometimes, however, they will face a choice between lives. Should the cars be programmed to avoid hitting a child running across the road, even if that will put their passengers at risk? 作者在该段发问，是否机器人在面临选择时，可以通过判断、权衡得失、做出合理性选择?并举例：人工智能无人驾驶车在路上行驶时，能否去避免撞到儿童，并且这样会使乘客陷入危险，在这样两难的选择中，如何权衡得失，做出最合理的行为。所以该题选择B选项。

53. What is said to be the bigger challenge facing humans in the AI age?

B.How to ensure that super-intelligent Al machines act ethically.

解析：根据关键词bigger challenge回文定位至文章第3段Teaching ethics to a machine even

more intelligent than we are will be the bigger challenge.使得机器人具有道德判断意识甚至比人类更加智能，这或将成为人类所面临的更大的挑战。故B选项为正选。

54. What do we learn from Microsoft’s “chat bot” Taylor?

A.She could not distinguish good from bad.

解析：通过关键词“chat bot” Taylor可定位至文章第四段，尾句but转折处but some people were teaching Taylor racist ideas. When she started saying nice things about Hitler, Microsoft turned her off and deleted her ugliest messages.该句句意为：一些人教泰勒种族主义的思想，但她却表达了关于希特勒积极的言论。可见泰勒不能区分善恶与好坏。故此题A选项为正确选项。

55. What does Eric Schmidt think of artificial intelligence?

C.It will prove to be an asset to human beings.

解析：本题为态度题，通过专有名词Eric Schmidt定位至文章最后一段Eric Schmidt is one of the bosses of Google, which own Alpha Go. He thinks AI will be positive for humans. 说AI对人类是积极的，也就是说，可以作为人类的一种资产。故选择C。

由题可知，今年的四级阅读的选材和时下的热门话题和社会发展的趋势紧密相关。在选材语料上同样具有鲜活性、科学性和社会性。从阅读理解的难以程度来看，虽然是一片科学性比较强的科普类文章，但在本质上同样是在考查阅读理解基本的解题能力。在此，建议在今后备战四级阅读的各位考生，要以真题阅读为基础，逐步培养自己深度阅读理解的能力，学会总结解题思路和方法，进而在阅读理解这一项取得高分。

第五部分翻译

【四级翻译真题原文】

由于通信网络的快速发展，中国智能手机用户数量近年来以惊人的速度增长。这极大地改变了许多人的阅读方式。他们现在经常智能手机上看新闻和文章，而不买传统报刊。大量移动应用程序的开发使人们能用手机读小说和其他形式的文学作品。因此，纸质书籍的销售受到了影响。但调查显示，尽管能手机阅读市场稳步增长，超半数成年人仍喜欢读纸质书。【四级翻译参考译文】

Due to the rapid development of communication network, the number of Chinese smartphone users has grown at an alarming rate in recent years. This has dramatically changed the ways of reading for many people. They now often read news and articles on their smartphones instead of buying traditional newspapers. The development of a large number of mobile applications enables people to read novels and other forms of literature works on their mobile phones. Therefore, the sale of paper books has been affected. But the survey shows that despite the steady growth of the mobile phones’ reading market, more than half of adults still like to read paper books.

【四级翻译答案解析】

2018年12月四级翻译真题一共包含5句话，读完整个段落，我们发现其描述的是现如今一种普遍存在的现象，所以，在翻译的过程中，广大考生选取一般现在时便可。确定完时态后，接下来我们要做的便是精简结构，具体如下：①由于......的......发展，......数量......增长。②这......改变了......的......方式。③他们......，而不......。④......使人们能......⑤因此，......的......受到了影响。⑥但......，尽管......，......仍......。掌握了上述结构之后，广大考生需要做的便是将段落中涉及的词汇进行翻译，再结合具体实际采用不同的结构进行表述，最终呈现出完整的文章。“由于”一词的翻译我们通常采用“due to”比较地道，“通信网络”一词是计算机科学技术领域的专有名词，译为“communication network”，“以惊人的速度增长”的常用表达是“at an alarming rate”。掌握了以上这些关键点后，权衡好语句的表述重心，完整地译出整句话便不成难题。接下来的几句话中涉及的词汇并不是很难，只要大家平时广泛阅读，勤奋积累，完

全可以应对上述词汇的翻译。文都教育要给大家强调的是，接下来几句话的翻译中，大家尤其要注意的是句子中、句与句之间逻辑关系的翻译，比如“而不”“因此”“但”等的翻译，广大考生一定要在自己的译文中有所体现，避免因为逻辑关系词的翻译缺失导致失分。

2018年12月四级英语翻译真题(完整版)

2018年12月大学英语四级真题翻译(第1套)

Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

由于通信网络的快速发展，中国智能手机用户数量近年来以惊人度增长。这极大地改变了许多人的阅读方式。他们现在经常智能手机上看新闻和文章，而不买传统报刊。大量移动应用程序的开发使人们能用手机读小说和其他形式的文学作品。因此，纸质书籍的销售受到了影响。但调查显示，尽管能手机阅读市场稳步增长，超半数成年人仍喜欢读纸质书。

2018年12月大学英语四级真题翻译(第2套)

Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

过去几年里，移动支付市场在中国蓬勃发展，随着移动互联网得出现，手机购物逐渐成为一种趋势。18到30岁的年轻人构成了移动支付市场的最大群体。由于现在用手机付款极容易，许多消费者在购物时宁愿用手机付款，而不愿用现金或信用卡。为了鼓励人们多消费，许多商店给使用移动支付的顾客打折。专家预测，中国移动支付市场未来仍有很大发展潜力。2018年12月大学英语四级真题翻译(第3套)

Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

越来越多的中国人现在的确离不开手机了。他们中的许多人，包括老年人，都使用手机应用程序保持联系并拓宽朋友圈。他们也用手机购物，查找信息，因为手机便于携带。此外，使用手机应用程序通信比传统电话便宜。然而，这种新趋势导致人们在社交时过度依赖手机。事实上，一些年轻人已经变得十分上瘾，以至于忽略了家人和朋友面对的交能。

2018年12月四级英语翻译真题参考答案(过度依赖手机)

【翻译重点词汇总结】

拓宽朋友圈：broaden circle of friends

手机购物：shopping online

过度依赖：be over-reliant on

上瘾：be addicted to

面对面的交流：face-to-face communication

从以上词汇中我们可以看出，本次考试并不难，都是在平时的学习中或者是练习中学过的，并且遇到的词汇，这就告诉我们，在备考四级的过程中，只要掌握好基础的词汇和语法，就能在考试中获得较为理想的成绩。

【原文】

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

越来越多的中国人现在的确离不开手机了。他们中的许多人，包括老年人，都使用手机应用程序保持联系并拓宽朋友圈。他们也用手机购物，查找信息，因为手机便于携带。此外，使用手机应用程序通信比传统电话便宜。然而，这种新趋势导致人们在社交时过度依赖手机。

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