材料力学中英对照词汇

材料力学中英对照词汇

A

安全因数safety factor

B

半桥接法half bridge

闭口薄壁杆thin-walled tubes

比例极限proportional limit

边界条件boundary conditions

变截面梁beam of variable cross section 变形deformation

变形协调方程compatibility equation 标距gage length

泊松比Poisson’s ratio

补偿块compensating block

C

材料力学mechanics of materials

冲击荷载impact load

初应力，预应力initial stress

纯剪切pure shear

纯弯曲pure bending

脆性材料brittle materials

D

大柔度杆long columns

单位荷载unit load

单位力偶unit couple

单位荷载法unit-load method

单向应力，单向受力uniaxial stress

等强度梁beam of constant strength

低周疲劳low-cycle fatigue

电桥平衡bridge balancing

电阻应变计resistance strain gage

电阻应变仪resistance strain indicator 叠加法superposition method

叠加原理superposition principle 动荷载dynamic load

断面收缩率percentage reduction in area

多余约束redundant restraint

E

二向应力状态state of biaxial stress

F

分布力distributed force

复杂应力状态state of triaxial stress

复合材料composite material

G

杆，杆件bar

刚度stiffness

刚架，构架frame

刚结点rigid joint

高周疲劳high-cycle fatigue

各向同性材料isotropical material

功的互等定理reciprocal-work theorem

工作应变计active strain gage

工作应力working stress

构件structural member

惯性半径radius of gyration of an area

惯性积product of inertia

惯性矩，截面二次轴距moment of inertia

广义胡克定律generalized Hook’s law

H

横向变形lateral deformation

胡克定律Hook’s law

滑移线slip-lines

J

基本系统primary system

畸变能理论distortion energy theory

畸变能密度distortional strain energy

density极惯性矩，截面二次极矩

polar moment of inertia极限应力

ultimate stress

极限荷载limit load

挤压应力bearing stress

剪力shear force

剪力方程equation of shear force

剪力图shear force diagram

剪流shear flow

剪切胡克定律Hook’s law for shear

剪切shear

交变应力，循环应力cyclic stress

截面法method of sections

截面几何性质geometrical properties of

an area

截面核心core of section

静不定次，超静定次数degree of a

statically indeterminate problem

静不定问题，超静定问题statically

indeterminate problem

静定问题statically determinate problem

静荷载static load

静矩，一次矩static moment

颈缩necking

K

开口薄壁杆bar of thin-walled open cross

section

抗拉强度ultimate stress in tension

抗扭截面系数section modulus in torsion

抗扭强度ultimate stress in torsion

抗弯截面系数section modulus in

bending

L

拉压刚度axial rigidity

拉压杆，轴向承载杆axially loaded bar

理想弹塑性假设elastic-perfectly plastic

assumption

力法force method

力学性能mechanical properties

连续梁continuous beam

连续条件continuity condition

梁beams

临界应力critical stress

临界荷载critical load

M

迈因纳定律Miner’s law

名义屈服强度offset yielding stress

莫尔强度理论Mohr theory of failure

敏感栅sensitive grid

N

挠度deflection

挠曲轴deflection curve

挠曲轴方程equation of deflection curve

挠曲轴近似微分方程approximately

differential equation of the deflection

curve

内力internal forces

扭力矩twisting moment

扭矩torsional moment

扭矩图torque diagram

扭转torsion

扭转极限应力ultimate stress in torsion

扭转角angel of twist

扭转屈服强度yielding stress in torsion

扭转刚度torsional rigidity

O

欧拉公式Euler’s formula

P

疲劳极限，条件疲劳极限endurance

limit

疲劳破坏fatigue rupture

疲劳寿命fatigue life

偏心拉伸eccentric tension

偏心压缩eccentric compression

平均应力average stress

平面弯曲plane bending

平面应力状态state of plane stress

平行移轴定理parallel axis theorem

平面假设

plane cross-section assumption

Q

强度strength

强度理论theory of strength

强度条件strength condition

切变模量shear modulus

切应变shear strain

切应力shear stress

切应力互等定理theorem of conjugate shearing stress

屈服yield

屈服强度yield strength

全桥接线法full bridge

R

热应力thermal stress

S

三向应力状态state of triaxial stress

三轴直角应变花three-element rectangular rosette

三轴等角应变花three-element delta rosette

失稳buckling

伸长率elongation

圣维南原理Saint-Venant’s principle

实验应力分析experimental stress analysis

塑性变形，残余变形plastic deformation

ductile materials塑性材料，延性材料

塑性铰plastic hinge

T

弹簧常量spring constant

弹性变形elastic deformation

弹性模量modulus of elasticity

体积力body force

体积改变能密度density of energy of

volume change

体应变volume strain

W

弯矩bending moment

弯矩方程equation of bending moment

弯矩图bending moment diagram

弯曲bending

弯曲刚度flexural rigidity

弯曲正应力normal stress in bending

弯曲切应力shear stress in bending

弯曲中心shear center

位移法displacement method

位移互等定理reciprocal-displacement

theorem

稳定条件stability condition

稳定性stability

稳定安全因数safety factor for stability

X

细长比，柔度slenderness ratio

线性弹性体linear elastic body

约束扭转constraint torsion

相当长度，有效长度equivalent length

相当应力equivalent stress

小柔度杆short columns

形心轴centroidal axis

形状系数shape factor

许用应力allowable stress

许用应力法allowable stress method

许用荷载allowable load

许用荷载法allowable load method

Y

应变花strain rosette

应变计strain gage

应变能strain energy

应变能密度strain energy density

应力stress

应力速率stress ratio

应力比stress ratio

应力幅stress amplitude

应力状态state of stress

应力集中stress concentration

应力集中因数stress concentration factor

应力－寿命曲线，S-N曲线stress-cycle

curve

应力－应变图stress-strain diagram

应力圆，莫尔圆Mohr’s circle for stresses

Z

正应变normal strain

正应力normal stress

中面middle plane

中柔度杆intermediate columns

中性层neutral surface

中性轴neutral axis

轴shaft

轴力axial force

轴力图axial force diagram

轴向变形axial deformation

轴向拉伸axial tension

轴向压缩axial compression

主平面principal planes

主应力principal stress

主应力迹线principal stress trajectory

主轴principal axis

主惯性矩principal moment of inertia

主形心惯性矩principal centroidal

moments of inertia

主形心轴principal centroidal axis

转角angel of rotation

转轴公式transformation equation

自由扭转free torsion

组合变形combined deformation

组合截面composite area

最大切应力理论maximum shear stress

theory

最大拉应变理论maximum tensile strain

theory

最大拉应力理论maximum tensile stress

theory

最大应力maximum stress

最小应力minimum stress

材料力学词汇

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材料力学(双语)Bending弯曲

Chapter 4 Internal Forces in Bending
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS 材料力学（双语）

Content
§4.1 Concept of symmetrical bending and calculation sketch of the beam §4.2 The shearing force and bending moment of the beam §4.3 The shearing-force and bending-moment equations · the shearing-force and bending-moment diagrams §4.4 Relations among the shearing force、the bending moment and the density of the distributed load and their applications §4.5 Plot the bending-moment diagram by the theorem of superposition §4.6 The internal-force diagrams of the planar rigid frames and curved rods
2

目录
§4.1 对称弯曲的概念及梁的计算简图 §4.2 梁的剪力和弯矩 §4.3 剪力方程和弯矩方程 ·剪力图和弯矩图 §4.4 剪力、弯矩与分布荷载集度间的关系及应用 §4.5 按叠加原理作弯矩图 §4.6 平面刚架和曲杆的内力图
3

土木工程专业英语词汇(整理版)

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D 大柔度杆long columns 单位荷载unit load 单位力偶unit couple 单位荷载法unit-load method 单向应力，单向受力uniaxial stress 等强度梁beam of constant strength 低周疲劳low-cycle fatigue 电桥平衡bridge balancing 电阻应变计resistance strain gage 电阻应变仪resistance strain indicator 叠加法superposition method 叠加原理superposition principle 动荷载dynamic load 断面收缩率percentage reduction in area 多余约束redundant restraint E 二向应力状态state of biaxial stress F 分布力distributed force 复杂应力状态state of triaxial stress

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Chapter 7
Stress State and Theory of Strength
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS 材料力学（双语）

Content
§7.1 Introduction §7.2 Analysis of Plane Stress · Principal Stress §7.3 Concept of Triaxial Stress §7.4 Stress- Strain Relation §7.5 Strain Energy Density under Triaxial Stress §7.6 Theory of Strength · Equivalent Stress §7.7 Application of Theories of Strength
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目录
§7.1 概述 §7.2 平面应力状态的应力分析 · 主应力 §7.3 空间应力状态的概念 §7.4 应力应变关系 §7.5 空间应力状态下的应变能密度 §7.6 强度理论 · 相当应力 §7.7 强度理论的应用
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7.1 Introduction
1. Forword
1). Investigation on the tensile, compressive and torsional test of cast iron and low-carbon steel
P M
Low-carbon steel
Cast iron in tension
Cast iron in compression
P
Cast iron
P
2). How will the member rupture in combined deformations?
P
M
4

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