外研版名词性从句精讲精练

名词性从句

英语五种基本句型列式如下：

一：ＳＶ（主＋谓）

二：ＳＶＰ（主＋谓＋表）

三：ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾）

四：ＳＶＯＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）

五：ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）

名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句厅分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位从句。

注意：

1、连接代词与连接副词在句中不再是疑问句，因而从句中谓语不用疑问式。连接代词与连接副词在从句充当句子成分，连接词whether 和if（是否），as if（好象）在从句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用。根据句义，如果连接代词与连接副词，whether、if 和as if 都用不上时，才用that作连接词（that本身无任何含义）。

2、不可省略的连词：

（1）介词后的连词

（2）引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。

That she was chosen made us very happy. We heard the news that our team had won. （二）主语从句作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。引导主语从句的关联词有三类：(1) 从属连词that

That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them.

(2)从属连词whether

Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear.

(3)连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever ...

(4)连接副词where, when, how, why ...

What she did is not yet known.

How this happened is not clear to anyone.

Whoever comes is welcome. Wherever you are is my home ---- my only home.

1、主语从句在复合句作主语。Who will go is not important.

2、用it作形式主语，主语从句放在句末。

It doesn’t matter so much whether you will come or not.主要句型有：

（1）It+be+形容词+that从句It is probable that he told her everything. （2）It+be+名词词组(no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.)+that从句

It’s no surprise that our team should have won the game. （3）It+be+过去分词+that从句It is said that Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing. （4）It+seem, happen等不及物动词及短语+that从句

It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all. Alice （5）It+doesn’t matter (makes no difference, etc.)+连接代词或连接副词引起的主语从句

It doesn’t matter whether she will come or not.

It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting. 注意：在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do”，常用的句型有：

It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that …

It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that…

It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that…

3、that引导主语从句时，不能省略。That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised.

4、当主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用第三人称单数，下面这个句型例外。

What we need is more time and money.

What we need are many more books.

5、if不能用在主语从句中，而是用whether Whether he left (or not) is unknown （三）表语从句

1、表语从句在复合句中作表语，位于系动词之后。

The question was who could go there. 注意：连系动词“appear, look, seem”的两个常用句型

It seems/appears that….

It looks/seems as if/as though……(与事实相符用陈述语气，与事实相反用虚拟语气)

2、引导表语从句的连接词that有时可省去。

My idea is (that) we can get more comrades to help in the work.

3、引导表语从句的关联词的种类：

(1)从属连词that

The trouble is that I have lost his address.

(2)从属连词whether, as, as if

He looked just as he had looked ten years before.

The question is whether they will be able to help us. 注意：从属连词if一般不用来引导表语从句，但as if却可引导表语从句

All this was over twenty years ago, but it\'s as if it was only yesterday.

能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词be, seem, look等。如：

It looked as if it was going to rain. 看起来天要下雨了。

(3)连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever

(4)连接副词where, when, how, why

The problem is who we can get to replace her.

The question is how he did it.

That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic.

注意：1.连词because可引导表语从句。

because 与why在引导表语从句的区别：

I think it is because you are doing too much. 我想这是因为你做得太多。（because后面加原因）

I think it is the reason why he was so angry. 我想这就是他如此生气的原因。（why后面加结果）

2.当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。

The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning

（四）宾语从句

1、宾语从句在复合句中作宾语。引导宾语从句的连词that一般可省略。

I hope (that) everything is all right.

2、介词宾语从句：介词之后的宾语从句，不可用which或if连接，要分别用what或whether

I’m interested in whether you’ve finished the work..

I’m interested in what you’ve said.

Your success will largely depend upon what you do and how you do it.

3、引导宾语从句的关联词有三类：

(1)从属连词that

He told us that he felt ill. 注:that在引导宾语从句时也并不是任何情况下都可以省略。在以下情况下，that不能省略。

①and或but连接两个或多个宾语从句时，可以省略第一个连词that，放在an或者but的后面的that不能省略。

Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened.

②that引导的宾语从句作介词宾语时，that不能省略

I know nothing about him except that he is from the south

③ that从句位于句首时，that不可省略

That he ever said such a thing I simply don’t believe.

④主句谓语动词与that从句之间有插入语，that不可省略

We decided, in view of his special circumstances, that

we would admit him for a probationary period.

鉴于他的特殊情况，我们决定应允他一段试用期。

⑤当宾语从句后带宾补时，要用“主语+谓语+it +宾补+that-clause, that不可省略

I think it certain that she will do well in her exam.

(2)从属连词if/whether

I doubt whether he will succeed.

I don’t know if you can help me.

(3)连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever

(4)连接副词 where, when, how, why

Who or what he was, Martin never learned.

I wonder what he’s writing to me about.

I’ll tell you why I asked you to come.

You may do what you will.

4、whether与if都可以引导宾语从句，常可互换。但下面情况不能互换。

①宾语从句是否定句时，只用if，不用whether

I wonder if it doesn’t rain.

②用if 会引起误解，就要用whether。

Please let me know whether you want to go.（此句如果把whether改成if，容易当成条件句理解）

③从句后有“or not”时I don’t know whether or not the repor t is true.

④介词后的宾语从句要用whether引导

whether 可与不定式连用。whether也可引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，还可引导让步状语从句，以上均不能换成if。但引导条件从句时，只能用if，而不能用whether。

It depends on whether we have enough time.

They don’t know whether to go there.

Please come to see me if you have time. 注意：区别if引导的宾语从句和条件状语从句

I don’t know if he will come.

If he comes, I’ll let you know.

5、宾语从句的时态变化规律：

宾语从句时态与主句相呼应，但宾语从句表示的是客观真理或普遍现象除外

(1)当主句是一般现在时态时，从句可根据需要用任何时态。

(2)当主句是一般过去时态时，从句只能使用过去范围内的任何时态。但客观真理除外。

The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.

6、当主语是I, we ，主句用think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine五个动词时，用否定转移

I think he will win the game.

（否定句）I don’t think he will win the game.

对应的反义疑问句：I don’t think he will win the game, will he?（五）同位语从句

1、同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，一般位于该名词（如：news, fact, idea, suggestion, promise，thought, question, reply, report, remark等）之后，说明该名词的具体内容。

I have no idea when he will be back.

The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.

2、引导宾语从句的关联词有三类：

（1）关联词多用从属连词that

Where did you get the idea that I could not come? 你在哪儿听说我不能来？（2）同位语从句偶尔由从属连词whether引导

I have no idea whether he’ll come or not. 注意：There is no doubt that he will come.

There is doubt whether he will come.

There is no possibility that….

（3）连接代词who, which, what和连接副词where, when, why, how亦可引导同位语从句

The question who should do the work requires consideration.

We haven't yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.

It is a question how he did it.

3、that引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别：

在同位语从句中：that不可以省略，不作成分;定语从句的关系代词that在定语从句作成分，作宾语时可以省略

We are interested in the news that some foreigners would visit our school.

We are interested in the news that he told us.

4、when, where引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别：

在定语从句中，when, where前有分别表示时间、地点的先行词；而在同位语从句中无此对应关系They have no idea at all where he has gone.(同位语从句)

Go and get your coat. It’s in the place where you left it.(定语从句)

名词性从句考点

1，that 何时可以省略

A.that 在宾语从句大多数情况可以省略

(1)We regret (that) you did not find our prouct satisfactory.

(2)We told the driver（that）we were in a hurry. 特别注意：在宾语从句中，不能省略that的情况：

(1)同一动词支配两个宾语从句时，第二个宾语从句的that 不能省略。

He said he came from Wuhan and that he had decided to settle in Chengdu.

(2) it 作形式宾语时，一般不能省略that

We think it our duty that we should help the poor.

(3) 有插入语时

We decided, in view of his special circumstances, that we would give him another chance.

I don’t doubt, in any case, that he will on my side.

(4) 作介词宾语时不能省略。The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.

B.that引导主语从句,同位语从句时，不能省略。

(1) That you want to be inependent is only natural.

(2)We should make people face the fact that a lot of people die from smoking every year. 小试身手：改错练习：

1),He expressed the hope he would come to China again.

2),The truth is he has never been abroad.

3),It is reported he studied abroad last year.

4),I think it necessary we should learn English well.

5),He said he couldn’t tell it to you right away and you wouldn’t understand.

6),We decided, in view of his special circumstances, we would give him another chance.

7), He shouted it was not his fault

2，if和whether 的区别：

1）在宾语从句中，if 和whether一般都可以使用.

(1)I wonder whetherr/if he will come today.

(2)I am not sure wether/if he is fit for the jo b.

(3)She asked me wether/if he would come or not

特别注意：

在宾语从句中，只能使用whether的情况：

(1) 介词之后

Your success or failure depends on whether you work hard.

(2) 紧跟or not 时

She asked me whether or not he would come.

(3)某些动词如discuss, consider 之后

They are discussing whether he is fit for the job.

They are considering whether they will go there.

(4)接不定式

Can you tell me whether to go or to stay ?

1)主语从句，表语从句，同位语从句只能用whether.

Whether I will come depends on a number of things.

The question is wether he will come to help.

The question whether we will take further action has not been discussed

2)状语从句只能用if(此时if翻译为”如果”)。

I won’t come if it rains tomorrow.

I will go now if you will excuse me

小试身手：请用whether 和if 填空：

1),I asked him __________he would come.

2), I asked him ___________or not he would come.

3),Your success or failure depends on _________ you work hard.

4)_________ we will go there is not decided.

5), I have no idea _________ he will come.

6), ______ you will excuse me, I will go now.

7),The question is ________ we can finish our work by tomorrow morning. 8), I am not certain_______ he will come.

9) It is not dcided ________ he will be sent there .

3，that 和what的区别

“that”在名词性从句不作任何句子成分；what 在名词性成句中要作句子成分，并且what从句常常可以换成(the)适合的n+that引导定语从句

1)It is feared that many lives have been lost in the earthquake.

2)I don’t know what he is thinking about.

3)What we we can’t get seems better than what we have.

=T hings that we can’t get seem better than things we have.

4)I am not what I used to be ten years ago.

= I am not the person that I used to be ten years ago.

请用that和what填空

1),My idea is________ you should make good use of your time.

2),_______ he will come to the discussion is certain.

3),_________ he knows about it is out of date and inaccurate.

4),After ________ was about five minutes , the teacher gave the students the correct answer to the question.

5), Knowing _____it was just a difference in custom, the foreigner smiled .

6), The other day, my brother drove his car at______ I thought was a dangerous speed.

7)，It is pretty well understood_______ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out of the

atmosphere today .

8),It is only natural _____ you want to be independent.

4, what(ever) 和which(ever) 的区别:

which(ever)说话者心中有一定的范围；用what(ever)说话者心中没有范围

请用what(ever)和which(ever)填空

1)，________ team wins on Saturday will go through to the next national championships.

2)，He is ready to accept ________help he can get.

3), I take back ______ I said just now.

4), They are all good books. I really don’t know______ one I should choose.

5，其它连接代词或副词的考查，常常根据句意即可选出。

１)，---- I went to attend the lecture yesterday.

----- Is that _____ you had a day off ?

A why

B because

C that

D what

2)，John, go and get your backpack. It is just________ you left it.

A in which

B there

C what

D where

3), -----Do you know ______ he will come here ?

----- By bike.

A why

B when

C how

D what

4)，He said that everyone should get equal pay. That is________ I disagree.

A what

B where B that D which

6，名词性从句都要用陈述语序；感叹句充当从句，其语序不变。

They want to know when the lecture is.

Peter is wondering who we have invited.

He asked me who was the best player or who the best player was.

He asked what was the matter or what the matter was.

He asked what the time was.

1）,These shoes look very good. I wonder___________.

A how much did they cost

B how much they cost

C how much were they cost

D how much they were cost

2）, You can’t imagine________________!

A what a hard life Mr. lan is living

B how a hard life is Mr. Lan living

C what Mr. Lan is living a hard life

D how Mr. Lan is living a hard life

7，若主句动词是过去式，宾语从句一般要用相应过去形式; 但客观真理时态最好不变，仍然用一般现在时。

1, He told me that Mr. Lan was going to buy a car soon.

2,When I was in junior middle school, my geography teacher often told me the sun rises in the east..

8，区别：whoever, whatever, whichever ,wherever, whenever, howeve引导的从句no matter who, no matter what, no matter which, no matter where…引导的从句Whatever等既可以引导让步状语从句，又可以引导名词性从句。

No matter what 等只能引导让步状语从句。

1)I won’t change my mind , whatever you say.

=I won’t change my mind , no matter what you say.

2)Whatever has a beginning also has an end.

=Anything that has a beginning also has an end.

3)Whoever comes ,I won’t go to the concert.

4)=No matter who comes, I won’t go to the concert.

5)I would like to talk to whoever respects me. =I would like to talk to anyone who respects me.

6)You can borrow my car whenever you want.

= You can borrow my car on matter when you want.

Whenever you want to come is fine with me.

温馨提示：

如果去掉whatever 等引导的从句，剩下部分是完整的句子，whatever引导的是让步状语从句。此时whatever可以由no matter what替换。

如果去掉whatever 等引导的从句，剩下部分不是完整的句子，whatever引导的是名词性从句。此时whatever不能用no matter what替换。

小试身手：

１)，______ breaks the law deserves a fine.

A Whomever

B Anyone

C Whoever

D No matter who ２)______ has a beginning also has an end..

A Whatever

B No matter what

C Whichever

D Anything

3), _______ team wins on Saturday will go through to the next game.

A Whatever

B Whichever

C Any

D No matter which

4)，The journey takes ages, ___________ route you take.

A whatever

B either

C no matter which

D any

5)___________ has finished their homework may go now.

A Whoever

B Those who

C No matter who

D Anyone

6), Give the book to______ wants it.

A who

B anyone

C whomever

D whoever

7)，________designed this building ought to be shot.

A Who

B Whoever

C Anyone

D No matter who

9，注意从句夹从句的情况

1, Make him make a promise _______ he has will be yours when he dies.

A that

B whatever

C that whatever

D what

10，be sure/certain about/of be afraid of be happy about be aware of

be doubtful about等动词短语，后接t hat宾语从句时,要省略介词。

改错：

I was afraid of that I might hurt his feelings.

The girl was sure of that she would be able to recognize her attacker.

I am happy about that my father will come back home tomorrow.

11，同位语从句和定语从句的区别：

1)同位语从句是前面名词的具体内容；定语从句对前面名词起修饰，限定作用。

2) 同位语从句中that不在从句中作任何成分；定语从句中that要充当句子成分。

He made a promise that he would buy me a laptop if I passed all the examinations.

He made a promise (that/which made us excited)

The news that he had got he first place quickly spread throughout the whole school.

The news( that/which I heard just now) is true.

.—It’s thirty years since we last met.

—But I still remember the story, believe it or not, we got lost on a rainy night.

A. which

B. that

C. what

D. when

Such is human nature, ________people are more willing t work in cities than in the country.

A. which

B. that

C. what

D. why

12.名词性从句中虚拟语气的使用情况

1、在表示“命令、建议、坚持、要求”的名词性从句中，要用“should+动词原形”形式，should可以省略。

e.g. I made a suggestion that he (should) go there at once.

I suggested that he (should) go there at once.

The suggestion was that he (should) go there at once.

2、wish引导的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气，分与现在、过去、将来相反三种情况。

e.g. I wish I were ten years younger.

I wish you had posted the letter yesterday.

I wish I would try again.

3、在句型“It + is/was + adj.+主语从句”中，如果形容词是important, strange, natural, necessary 等，从句谓语部分要用“should+动词原形”形式，should可以省略。

e.g. It’s strange that he (should) think so.

It is necessary that he (should) go there at once.

1. I advised that he _____ to the hospital at once, but he insisted that he _____ quite well then.

A. be sent; was feeling

B. was sent; sent

C. be sent; feel

D. should be sent; should feel

2. It is necessary that a college student _______at least a foreign language

A. masters

B. should master

C. mastered

D. will master

13、注意区分it 作形式主语的主语从句与强调句

强调句句型It is/was+被强调部分+that, 去掉It is/was, that，句子仍然成立。

It is natural that they should have different views. 主语从句It is only lately that he had had a family himself. 强调句

What was it that he wanted? I don’t know what it was that he wanted.

It was in the hotel where he stayed that we discussed the serious problem

高考英语陷阱题总结归纳——名词性从句

1. She was so angry and spoke so fast that none of us understood _______ he said meant.

A. that

B. what

C. that that

D. what what

2. After _______ had happened he could not continue to work there.

A. which

B. how

C. what

D. having

He pointed to ______ looked like a tomb and said, “Ghost.”

A. that

B. what

C. which

D. as

3.“Is ______ you want to say？” asked the teacher.

A. this

B. that

C. all that

D. that all

4. “When ______ leave for Japan？” “When ______ leave for Japan is kept secret.”

A. they will, will they

B. will they, they will

C. they will, they will

D. will they, will they （1）None knows if _______ that boy, but if _______ him, her parents will be disappointed.

A. she will marry, she will marry

B. she marries, she marries

C. she will marry, she marries

D. she marries, she will marry

（2）“Where _______ go to work？” “Where _______ go to work is not known.”

A. we shall, we shall

B. shall we, shall we

C. shall we, we shall

D. we shall, shall we

5. Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see ______.

A. who is he

B. who he is

C. who is it

D. who it is

6. Don’t you know, my dear friend, ______ it is your money not you that she loves？

A. who

B. which

C. that

D. What

（1）Everyone knows, perhaps except you, _______ your girl-friend is a cheat.

A. who

B. which

C. that

D. What

（2）I think, though I could be mistaken, ______ she liked me.

A. who

B. which

C. that

D. What

（3）He told me the news, believe it or not, ______ he had earned $1 000 in a single day.

A. that

B. which

C. as

D. Because

标准答案：

1)，在hope后加that 2),在is后加that 3), 在reported后加that

4)，在necessary后加that 5), 在and后加that 6), 在we前加that

7), shouted后加that

标准答案：

1)，wether/if 2), wether 3), wether 4), Wether

5), wether 6), If 7), wether 8), Wehter 9) wether

标准答案：

1)，that 2), That 3), What 4), what

5), that 6), what 7), what 8), that

标准答案：

1)，whichever 2), whatever 3) what 4), which

标准答案：

1）-4）, A D C B

标准答案：1）-2） B A

标准答案：1-6 C A B C A D B

难题分析：6）7）题都不能选who, 因为现代英语中who不能代替先行词+who.

Whover则可以代替先行词+who.

标准答案： C

1, 去掉of 2, 去掉of 3 去掉about

【陷阱】可能误选B.许多同学一看选项首先就排除了C和D，认为这样两个“引导词”叠用的情况不太可能。在A和B两个选项中，选项A肯定不行，因为它引导宾语从句时不能充当句子成分，所以便选择了B.

【分析】正确答案选D.第一个what 用作动词meant 的宾语，第二个what 用作动词said 的宾语，即在none of us understood what what he said meant 中，none of us understood 为主句，what what he said meant 为宾语从句，而在此宾语从句中又包括有what he said 这样一个主语从句。

【陷阱】可能误选A.

【分析】最佳答案选C.有的同学误选A，是因为认为介词后应接关系代词which，但实际上，若填关系代词，其前没有先行词，这根据不是一个定语从句。另外，由于had happened 缺主语，所以B和D也不能选。请再做下面一题（答案选B）：

【陷阱】根据中文字面意思误选A或B.

【分析】最佳答案选D.假若选A或B，那么转换成陈述句即为：This is you want to say. / That is you want to say. 显然句中的两个谓语动词is与want相冲突。选D组成的句子是Is that all you want to say？其中的that 为句子主语，all 为表语，you want to say 为定语从句，用以修饰all.

【陷阱】可能误选D，认为when 后应用疑问句词序。

【分析】最佳答案选B.第一个when引出的是一个特殊疑问句，故用疑问词序；第二个when 引出的是主语从句，故其后用陈述句词序。请做以下试题（答案选C）：

【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。

【分析】此题最佳答案为D.首先可以排除A和C，因为空格处实为一个宾语从句，所以不能用疑问句词序。另一方面，但按英语习惯，当用于指代身份不明的人时，要用代词it，而不用he 或she等。比较以下两句：

Mr Smith is at the door. He wants to see you. 史密斯先生在门口，他想见你。

Someone is at the door. It may be the postman. 有个人在门口，可能是邮递员。

第一句因前面指明了是Mr Smith，所以后面用代词he；而第二句因前面用的是不定代词someone，说明此人身份尚不明确，故其后用了代词it 来指代。

【陷阱】此题容易误选A或B：选A 的同学认为这是指人的，故用who；选B的同学认为这是非限制性定语从句，两者都是误认为这是定语从句（注意没有先行词）。

【分析】其实答案应选C.that引导的是一个宾语从句，用作动词know 的宾语，它只是被句中的插入语my dear friend 隔开罢了。请做以下试题（答案均为C）：

（

前面两题that 引导宾语从句，后面一题that同位语从句（修饰the news）。

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