经济学人读译The sky’s the limit

Women in China

中国女性

The sky’s the limit

天空无限宽广

But it’s not exactly heaven

却不尽然是天堂

Nov 26th 2011 | from the print edition

PULLY CHAU SPENT eight years working for the Chinese office of a big international advertising agency and never got a pay rise; there was always some excuse. “It was stupid of me not to ask,” she says. “If I had been a Caucasian man, I would have done better.”She stuck around because she liked the idea of working for an outfit that was well known in China and hoped to learn something. Eventually she got fed up and took a job with another Western agency, draftfcb, where she is now chairman and CEO for Greater China, based in Shanghai. Just turned 50, glamorous, confident and boundlessly energetic, she could pick and choose from any number of jobs. There are lots of opportunities for women in China, she says—but in business life is still easier for men.

Pully Chau在一家大型国际广告公司的中国办事处工作了八年，但从未有过加薪，总是有这样那样的借口阻挡她的加薪之路。“我不会傻到不提出疑问，”她说，“倘若我是个白人男性，

我应该会做得更好。”Pully迟迟不肯跳槽的原因是她喜欢为这样一家中国知名度很高的公司工作，并且希望学到一些东西。但长此以往，她受够了这样的境遇，最终跳槽到另一家西方广告公司DraftFCB。现在，她成为这家公司大中华区的主席和首席执行官，总部设在上海。Pully刚过五十岁，她富有魅力，充满自信，活力四射，对现在的她来说，对任何一种工作都可以随意挑选，手到擒来。她说，在中国，女性拥有很多的机会，但商业之路走得更顺的，依旧还是男性。

Women make up 49% of China’s population and 46% of its labour force, a higher proportion than in many Western countries. In large part that is because Mao Zedong, who famously said that “women hold up half the sky”, saw them as a resource and launched a campaign to get them to work outside the home. China is generally reckoned to be more open to women than other East Asian countries, with T aiwan somewhat behind, South Korea further back and Japan the worst. And its women expect to be taken seriously; as one Chinese female investment banker in Beijing puts it, “we do not come across as deferential”.

中国总人口中49%为女性，其中女性劳动力占总劳动力的46%，这个比例比人很多西方国家都高。这很大程度上要归功于毛泽东，他曾有一句名言：“妇女能顶半边天。”他把女性看做一种资源，并发起了让女性在外工作的运动。渐渐地，相较其他东亚国家和地区，中国成为众人眼中对女性更加开放的国家，台湾紧随其后，韩国次之，而日本更次。中国的女性希望受到认真的对待，正如在北京的一位中国女投资银行家所言：“中国女性不会给人留下低眉顺眼的印象。”

Young Chinese women have been moving away from the countryside in droves and piling into the electronics factories in the booming coastal belt, leading dreary lives but earning more money than their parents ever dreamed of. Others have been pouring into universities, at home and abroad, and graduating in almost the same numbers as men. And once they have negotiated China’s highly competitive education system, they want to get on a career ladder and start climbing. The opportunities are there. Avivah Wittenberg-Cox, who runs a consultancy, 20-first, that helps companies improve the balance between the sexes in senior jobs, points out that China already has a higher proportion of women in the top layers of management than many Western countries.

大批的年轻中国女性从乡村涌进欣欣向荣的沿海地带，她们在电子工厂中工作，生活枯燥，但所赚的钱却远超出她们父母的梦之所及。还有一些进入了国内外高等学府深造，毕业生男女比例几乎旗鼓相当。一旦通过了中国教育系统竞争激烈的独木桥，她们便希望能找到工作，向职业阶梯的上层攀爬。机遇就摆在那里。20-first是一家帮助平衡高层岗位性别比例的咨询公司，其所有者阿维娃·维滕贝格-考克斯指出，中国企业高管的女性比例已经超过了很多西方国家。

The supply of female talent is abundant, says Jin Yu, a partner with McKinsey in Beijing and their most senior woman in China, but once you start funnelling it the numbers come down. She also concedes that there is room for improvement in the way that Chinese companies nurture potential female leaders. The same goes for the Chinese body politic: only 13 of

the 204 members elected at the most recent meeting of the Chinese Communist Party’s central committee (its top decision-making body) were women.

北京的Jin Yu是麦肯锡咨询公司在中国最资深的女性合伙人，她说，女性人才供应很充足，但是一旦开始进行集中筛选，女性人数就会减少。她同时也承认，中国企业在培养女性领导人方面还有很大的进步空间。而中国政体方面也存在同样的问题：中国共产党中央委员会（中国的最高决策机关）最新选出的204名委员中，只有13名是女性。

Jobs with state-owned companies are popular with Chinese women because at lower levels these are relatively comfortable places to work, with shorter and more predictable hours than in the private sector. But attitudes remain highly conservative and very few women are found in the upper echelons. Wendy (not her real name), a well-qualified woman in her 40s with an MBA, holds down a senior job at China National Petroleum Corporation, the country’s largest integrated oil and gas company, but complains that women suffer from discrimination both in her company and her industry. She has had to do a lot of travelling to places like Libya, Sudan and Pakistan and blames her recent divorce on the demands of the job. “You have to give up a lot” to maintain your position at work in a company like hers, she says. After her divorce she applied for a lower-level post with less punishing hours so she could spend more time with her 12-year-old daughter. But she is already studying for her next qualification and plans to go back on the fast track once her daughter is older so she can send her to study in Britain. “Chinese women have a very difficult life,” she says.国有企业的基层岗位与私营企业相比，工作时间较短也较为固定，这些相对舒适的工作岗位很受中国女性的青睐。但是，国有企业的观念仍旧高度保守，女性高层少之又少。Wendy(化名)是一名出类拔萃的女性，她拥有MBA学位，同时也在中国石油天然气集团公司（中国最大的综合油气企业）担任高层职务。但她还是抱怨道，在她所从事的领域和公司内部，女性仍旧受到歧视。她不得不经常到利比亚、苏丹、巴基斯坦这样的地方出差，同时她也把最近的婚姻破裂归咎于工作的影响。Wendy说，若想在这种公司保住自己的位子，“你必须放弃很多东西”。在离婚后，Wendy申请了超负荷工作时间较短的低层岗位，以便有更多的时间陪伴自己十二岁的女儿。但是，她已经开始为拿到下一个文凭而努力，并计划在女儿长大一点后把她送到英国上学，然后自己回到一线岗位工作。她说：“中国女性的生活都很不容易。”

Many female high-fliers in China find it easier to work for a multinational. Iris Kang, who heads the business unit for emerging markets at Pfizer, a pharmaceutical company, used to be a doctor in a state-owned hospital but switched to the private sector after a visit to Nepal, where she developed a taste for the capitalist system. She says there is less sex discrimination in multinationals than in Chinese companies, and the number of women in senior posts in her firm is rising rapidly.

在中国，许多女性佼佼者都觉得为跨国公司工作更容易些。Iris Kang是瑞辉制药公司的新兴市场业务部门主管，她曾经是一家国有医院的医生，但到尼泊尔访问的经历让她开始对资本主义制度产生兴趣，之后便跳槽到私营企业。她说，与中国公司相比，跨国公司性别歧视情况相对不算严重，她所在的公司也有越来越多的女性担任高层职务。

Hers is another tale of relentless self-improvement. Soon after she joined the private sector she took an executive MBA at the China Europe International Business School (CEIBS) in Shanghai, China’s most highly rated business school, and last year she added a Masters degree in pharmaceutical medicine, all the while heading a team of 120 people in her job with Pfizer. As Ms Kang says, to succeed as a woman in China “you need to be better than a man.”

Kang女士的故事是另一部坚韧不拔自我升华的传奇。进入私企后，在辉瑞的工作岗位上领导着120人团队的同时，她在中欧国际工商学院（中国最高等的商学院）取得了在职工商管理硕士学位，又于去年获得了制药学的硕士学位。正如她所说，中国女性若想成功，“你需要比男人更优秀。”

That goes for female entrepreneurs, too. China has plenty: over 29m of them at the latest count, or a quarter of the national total, according to Meng Xiaosi, vice-president of the All-China Women’s Federation. And some strike it very rich: seven of the 14 women on last year’s Forbes worldwide list of self-made billionaires were from China, with property magnates particularly prominent. China is growing so fast that there are plenty of opportunities for start-ups and less red tape than in more mature economies, and finance is less of a problem than in the West.It is hard to see how these formidable Chinese women can fit any children into their impossibly busy lives, but most of them do. They are entitled to (but don’t always get) three months’ paid maternity leave and mostly return to work afterwards. That is made a little easier by one big advantage they have over most working women in the West: hands-on grandparents. The older generation has traditionally played a large part in bringing up children in China, and still does. A baby is often farmed out to the grandparents for the first few years of its life, or the grandparents come to live in the family home to look after it. If no grandparents are available, nannies are plentiful and affordable.

这对女性企业家来说亦然。中国有相当多的女企业家，据全国妇联副主席孟晓驷的说法，最新统计显示中国有2900万女企业家，占全国企业家总人数的四分之一。其中有些女企业家非常富有：在去年福布斯杂志的国际亿万富豪榜里，榜上有名的14位女性之中有7位来自中国，其中以房产女巨头尤为突出。中国的快速发展为新起步的企业创造了更多的机会，也免去了在许多更成熟经济体中存在的繁文缛节，同时减弱了财政问题对中国企业家的困扰，相较之下，西方企业家对财政问题更加头疼。。然而，看上去这些杰出的中国女性似乎很难在百忙之中抽出空闲来养育子女，但大部分人的确做到了这点。中国女性享有（但并非一定会得到）三个月的产假，大部分人都会在休假结束后返回工作岗位。但是，摩拳擦掌要照看孙辈的祖父母可以为中国的职业女性分忧，这是大部分西方职业女性所没有的一大优势。从中国传统角度来看，从古至今，老一辈人在抚养孙辈方面都扮演着很重要的角色。通常很小的孩子会交由祖父母看管，或者让祖父母住到子女家中来照看孙辈。如果不能得到祖父母的帮助，请保姆也是方便又划算的方法。

Most of these women seem to stop at one offspring, not only because of the one-child policy (which can be quite leaky) but because any more would be just too diffic ult to manage. Even looking after the one-and-only takes up a huge amount of time and

resources. The whole business of child-rearing has become exhaustingly competitive.

似乎大部分女性只育有一个子女，这不仅是由于独生子女政策（因为钻这项政策的空子很简单），而是因为多子女家庭实在是太难经营了，单单养育独生子女就要耗费很多的时间和资源。养育孩子这件事已然成为一项需要耗尽心力来竞争的事业。

Precious in every way

集万千宠爱于一身的小皇帝们

Grooming the little emperors

让“小皇帝”们全副武装

It starts at kindergarten, which may be of the Monday-to-Friday boarding variety, and can get very expensive even at that level: the best ones are vastly oversubscribed, and although they are state-run, you hear stories about parents being asked for “sponsorship”of up to 200,000 yuan ($32,000) to get in. After that the child has to be manoeuvred into the best school, homework needs to be closely supervised and there is a lot of ferrying around for after-school activities. Steering a child through all this almost amounts to a full-time job. The effort culminates in the gaokao, the national college-entrance exam that determines which, if any, university the youngster can get into.

从幼儿园（也许是工作日寄宿制）开始，这一层级教育所需的费用已经非常昂贵了：最好的幼儿园已经被大量超额预订，就算是国家运营的幼儿园，要求家长缴纳最高达20万人民币“择校费”的现象也时有耳闻。即便经过运作进入最好的学校，也需要紧密监督孩子做作业的情况，并且接送孩子参加各种课外活动。带着孩子做以上这些事情几乎就已经是全职岗位的工作量了，而到了孩子高考（高等学校全国统一考试）的时候，也就是决定孩子能否升学以

及进入哪所大学之时，家长更会使出全身解数，付出最大的努力。

What makes life even harder for Chinese women is that most Chinese men still expect them to look after home and family more or less single-handed, whether or not they are holding down a job. That includes caring for elderly parents or relatives, so it does not stop when the children grow up. These are deep-rooted, hard-to-shift attitudes that long pre-date the Mao era. Many Chinese men find it psychologically hard to cope with high-earning wives, and if something has to give it is usually the wife’s job. Women who are too stridently successful may have trouble finding a husband in the first place. Even China’s female high achievers are now beginning to wonder if they are doing the right thing. In their recent book “Winning the War for Talent in Emerging Markets”, Sylvia Ann Hewlett and Ripa Rashid note that “the concept of work-life balance, once foreign…is an increasingly popular topic of conversation.”

然而，不管女性有没有工作，大部分的中国男人仍旧希望他们的妻子可以或多或少独自一人照顾家庭，这让中国女性的生活更加不易。承担家庭工作包括了照顾家中年老的父母，这并不会因子女长大成人而结束。这些根深蒂固的观念在毛泽东时代之前很久就存在了。许多中国男性在心理上很难接受高收入的妻子，如果需要做出让步，那么一般都是妻子放弃自己的工作。过于强势的成功女性往往从一开始就很难嫁出去。现在，甚至连出类拔萃的女性都开始有所疑惑，怀疑自己取得成就是否是正确之举。在《赢得新兴市场的人才之战》一书中，Sylvia Ann Hewlett和Ripa Rashid指出：“平衡工作与生活这个理念曾经离我们很遥远，但现在越来越受到人们的关注。”

It has already become more acceptable for a woman not to be working, says Helene Zhuge, CEO of bon-tv, a private telev ision network broadcasting from China to the world. If her husband has a good job, or she has money of her own, she can now be a stay-at-home wife without incurring social disapproval. According to Ms Zhuge, this is part of a broader movement over the past few years towards greater social liberalism in China. In the big cities it is now fine for a couple to live together without being married; divorce is getting more common; and being gay is no big deal. But having children out of wedlock is still unusual because the bureaucratic complication s are horrendous.

向世界传播中国的私营电视台蓝海电视（Bon-TV）CEO诸葛虹云女士说，现在，不工作的女性反而更加容易受到认同。如果一位女性的丈夫有份好工作，或者她拥有自己的钱，那么她就可以做一名全职太太，外界也不会反对这样的做法。诸葛女士指出，这属于近年来中国向社会自由主义深化发展的广泛活动的一部分。在大城市中，人们现在可以接受未婚同居，离婚更加普遍，同性恋也不再是惊天大事。但是未婚生子仍旧非同寻常，这是因为需要走的后续程序实在是繁杂得可怕。

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经济学人两篇+翻译

Disney Star Wars, Disney and myth-making How one company came to master the business of storytelling FROM a galaxy far, far away to a cinema just down the road: “The Force Awakens”, the newest instalment of the Star Wars saga, is inescapable this Christmas. The first Star Wars title since Lucasfilm, the owner of the franchise, was acquired by Disney in 2012 for $4.1 billion, it represents more than just the revival of a beloved science-fiction series. It is the latest example of the way Disney has prospered over the past decade from a series of shrewd acquisitions (see article). Having bought Pixar, Marvel and Lucasfilm, Disney has skilfullycapitalised on their intellectual property—and in so doing, cemented its position as the market leader in the industrialisation of mythology. Its success rests on its mastery of the three elements of modern myth-making: tropes, technology and toys. From Homer to Han Solo Start with the tropes. Disney properties, which include everything from “Thor” to “Toy Story”, draw on well-worn devices of mythic structure to give their stories cultural resonance. Walt Disney himself had an intuitive grasp of the power of fables. George Lucas, the creator of Star Wars, is an avid student of the work of Joseph Campbell, an American comparative mythologist who outlined the “monomyth” structure in which a hero answers a call, is assisted by a mentor figure, voyages to another world, survives various trials and emerges triumphant. Both film-makers merrily plundered ancient mythology and folklore. The Marvel universe goes even further, directly appropriating chunks of Greco-Roman and Norse mythology. (This makes Disney's enthusiasm for fierce enforcement of intellectual-property laws, and the seemingly perpetual extension of copyright, somewhat ironic.) The internal mechanics of myths may not have changed much over the ages, but the technology used to impart them certainly has. That highlights Disney's second area of expertise. In Homer's day, legends were passed on in the form of dactylic hexameters; modern myth-makers prefer computer graphics, special effects, 3D projection, surround sound and internet video distribution,

经济学人翻译

CONVIVIAL, and not averse to a drink, Nancy Wake could often be found cheering up a cocktail bar. In the late 1940s, and again towards the end of her life, it might have been the American Bar of the Stafford Hotel, just across the road from The Economist’s offices in London. In 1940, when she was living as a newlywed in Vichy France, it could have been another American Bar, this one in the H?tel du Louvre et de la Paix in Marseilles. It was a chance encounter here with an English officer, interned by the French authorities but that day on parole, which led to her membership of the resistance, and then to her role as an agent of the British Special Operations Executive in occupied France. Of the 39 SOE women infiltrated into France, 11 of whom would die in concentration camps, she was perhaps the most redoubtable. 南希?维克性格开朗，能喝善饮，鸡尾酒吧经常可以看到她惬意的身影。上世纪40年代末和生命最后的时光里她常光顾的可能是斯塔福德旅馆里的美国酒吧，这家酒吧就和伦敦《经济学人》办公楼隔路相望。而1940年时，新婚燕尔的维克居住在维希法国，那时候她可能是巴黎卢浮旅馆和马赛和平旅馆内另一家美国酒吧的常客。在这家酒吧，机缘巧合，她和一位被法国当局拘留恰巧在当天假释的英国军官相遇。正是这段偶遇让她加入了反法西斯抵抗组织，后来成为法国占领区内英国特种作战执行队的一名间谍。所有39名渗透到法国境内的间谍中，11名险些死在集中营里。维克恐怕是39名间谍中最厉害的角色了。 From her earliest days, Miss Wake combined opposing qualities. She was disciplined, but at the same time a free spirit. In Sydney, to which her large family had moved after leaving her birthplace in New Zealand, she twice ran away from home. As soon as she could, she made her way to London, then to Paris to work as a freelance journalist. There it was her cheerful independence as much as her good looks that caught the eye of the rich French industrialist, Henri Fiocca, who would take her to Marseilles as his wife. 打从很小起，维克性格中就充满了对立。她一方面严于律己，另一方面却叛逆不羁。一大家人从维克出生地新西兰搬至悉尼后，她曾两度离家出走。条件一允许她就去了伦敦，然后到巴黎当起了自由记者。在巴黎，凭着快乐的天性、独立的精神和美丽的容貌她吸引了腰缠万贯的法国企业家亨利?菲奥卡，随后，两人在马赛市结了婚。 She enjoyed her new life of luxury while it lasted, but she was no flibbertigibbet. Soon after meeting the interned British officer, she was helping to get similar Allied airmen, refugees and escaped prisoners-of-war out of occupied France and into Britain. She took a flat, ostensibly for a lover, in fact for the resistance, sheltered men on the run and became a crucial part of the southern escape line to Spain, travelling all over southern France from Nice to N?mes to Perpignan, with clothing, money and false documents. 虽然尽情享受着豪华奢侈的新生活，但她绝不是那种只贪图享受的轻浮女人。和那位英国军官认识后不久，她就开始为盟军空军、避难人员和从法国被占区逃往英国的战俘提供协助。她租下一幢公寓，以养情人作掩护，供抵抗组织活动所需，为逃难人员提供庇护；她带着衣物、钱和假造的公文，从尼斯到尼姆再到佩里皮昂在法国南部来回奔走，成为法国南部向西班牙逃亡路线的一个关键人物。

2018考研英语：阅读经济学人文章(一)

2018考研英语：阅读经济学人文章（一） German politics 德国政治 Gone boy on the right 消失的极右领袖 How an anti-foreigner, anti-establishment group ischanging German politics 一个反移民、反伊斯兰化组织如何改变德国政治 Bachmann: only joking, honest 巴赫曼：真的只是玩笑罢了 THE march on January 19th in Dresden by Pegida, or “Patriotic Europeans against theIslamisation of the Occident”, would have been its 13th. But it was cancelled because the policehad “concrete”information of plans to assassinate its organiser, Lutz Bachmann. On January21st Mr Bachmann was exposed in German tabloids for posing as Hitler on his Facebook page.He called it a joke, but later resigned his position. Pegida plans to resume its marches nextweek. 1月19日，在德累斯顿爆发了一场由Pegida(或者称作“爱国欧洲人反对西方的伊斯兰化”)发起的游行。本来这次游行应该在13号举行，但是由于警方获知了刺杀该运动领袖卢茨巴赫曼行动的“详细”信息而被取消。1月21日，巴赫曼因为在“脸书”(Facebook)上传其模仿希特勒的照片而被德国小报争相报道。他声称这只是一个玩笑，但是随后他宣布辞职。Pegida计划下周恢复游行。 Among its followers, despite Mr Bachmann's antics, neo-Nazis are a small minority. The typicalmarcher is a middle-aged, middle-class Saxon man who, says Hans V orl?nder at the TechnicalUniversity of Dresden, is alienated from politics and the liberal media, and yearns for ahomogenous fatherland. The marches may have “passed the peak”, adds Dieter Rucht at theBerlin Social Science Centre. Yet there will be political fallout. Nine-tenths of Pegida supportersback the Alternative for Germany (AfD), founded only in 2013 and represented in three easternstate parliaments. 在该运动众多的追随者中，除了巴赫曼这种滑稽行为的人，新纳粹仍是少数。据来自德尔德累斯顿技术大学的汉斯?福尔兰德尔讲，其中有一位的游行示威者是较为典型，他是一个来自于萨克森州的中年中产阶级男性，他对政治和自由媒体漠不关心，却呼唤一个同文同种的父国。柏林社会科学研究中心的Dieter Rucht说到，这支游行队伍可能已经“越过底线”。也许会带来某些政治后果。Pegida运动中有十分之九的支持者拥护德国新选项党(AfD)，该党于2013年刚刚成立，享有东部三个州的议会席位。

2013年9月新经济学人的几篇文章及其翻译

Women managers in Asia. 女性高管在亚洲。 Untapped talent. 尚待开发的人才。 Sexism is rife in Asia. That creates an opportunity for non-chauvinist firms. 性别歧视在亚洲"大行其道"。这为非大男子主义至上的企业创造了机遇。 IN THE West, women typically make up 10-20% of upper management and company boards. They are relatively lucky. A report from McKinsey, a consultancy, shows that Asian women lag far behind. 在西方，女性通常占据10-20%的公司高层和董事会职位。相比之下，她们是幸运的。来自麦肯锡咨询机构（McKinsey）的报告显示在此方面，亚洲女性大大落后了。 There are exceptions. In Australia women's share of board and executive-committee jobs is roughly on a par with that in America and parts of Europe. Singapore too has a large number of women in senior management (see chart). But elsewhere the picture is mostly dire, and not necessarily because the countries concerned are poor. In Japan and South Korea, both rich, women are about as likely to sit on boards as men are to serve tea. 例外也是有的。在澳大利亚，女性在董事会和执行领导层所占份额与美国和欧洲部分水平一致。新加坡也有大量女性工作在高级经理职位上。但在其他地方，女高管的境地就多半是岌岌可危的了，也不一定，都因为相关国家很穷。在日本和韩国这两个富裕国家，女子就很可能只是给坐在董事会里的男人们倒茶端水，而不是一起议事。 One reason why so few women in Asia get plum jobs is that in most countries far fewer of them are in the workforce than in the West, where their labour-force participation rate is usually around 60-70%. In India only about one woman in three has a formal job, though millions sweat on farms and in family businesses. Education is unequal, too. In 2009-10 only 10-15% of students entering the elite Indian Institutes of Management were female. But even in Asian countries where plenty of women leap from college onto the corporate ladder, they do not climb as high as men. 很少有亚细亚女性会得到称心如意的工作，一个原因是多数亚洲国家里，在职场中仅有极少数的女子，而在西方女性参与劳动（工作）率一般大致在60-70%。在印度，三个女子中大约只有一个有正式工作，虽然有数百万的女性在农场和家庭事务上挥洒汗水。教育也是不平等的。09到10年度，进入印度精英管理学院的学生中仅有10-15%是女性。但即使是在那些有众多女性能从大学走上职业之路的国家，她们也没攀登到男性所能达到的高度。The most common reasons given are much the same as in Europe: the double burden of work and domestic responsibilities; the requirement in many senior jobs to be always available and free to travel; women's reluctance to blow their own trumpet; and the scarcity of female role models. In Asia, an additional hurdle is the lack of public services to support families, such as child care. 与在欧洲一样，最为普遍也是肯定的原因是：职场与家庭责任的双重重担；高管职位随时随地的出差要求(受家庭牵连，女性做不到这点）；女性对自卖自夸的不情愿；以及女性榜样的稀缺。而在亚洲，另一个障碍是缺乏诸如孩童看护（Child Care）一类的，援助家庭的公共服务。 So is it just a question of waiting until Asia catches up with the West? The McKinsey report's authors, Claudia Süssmuth-Dyckerhoff, Jin Wang and Josephine Chen, think it is not as simple as that. Having studied 744 large companies and quizzed 1,500 executives in ten Asian countries, they conclude that, unlike their Western counterparts, Asian senior managers are not very interested in the subject. Some 70% of them did not see "gender diversity" as a strategic priority.

2017考研备考英语阅读题源经济学人文章：Black Friday

2017考研备考英语阅读题源经济学人文 章：Black Friday Black Friday 黑色星期五 The long weekend 漫长的周末 A new, earlier discount frenzy grips Christmasshoppers 新一轮提前促销打折狂潮吸引了众多圣诞购物者 THE rhythms of Christmas used to be so simple. Buypresents in December, eat and drink too much, return unwanted gifts, then hunt bargains inthe January sales. Such habits may now be altered by the arrival on British shores of BlackFriday, an American retail phenomenon. 圣诞的节奏一直都很单一。在12月买礼物，尽情吃喝，再退还那些不中意的礼物，然后在一月大减价之际狂购便宜货到手软。而如今这样的习惯，很可能随着“黑色星期五”—美版“双十一”—登陆不列颠海岸而悄然改变。 Black Friday is the day after Thanksgiving. This year it falls on November 28th. As Thanksgivingday revolves around the eating, so Black Friday revolves around the shopping. It has becomethe biggest day of the year for American retailers as they discount thousands of products,kick-starting the Christmas shopping season. According to one story the name thus refers toshops doing such booming trade that they go from the red into the black. It might equally benamed because of the casualty rate. Shoppers get hurt in the stampede for bargains. Somehave even died. “黑色星期五”就是每年感恩节之后的第一天。今年就是11月28日。像感恩节的主题是美食一样，“黑色星期五”的主题便是购物。因在“黑色星期五”商家们会给成千上万的商品大打折扣开启圣诞购物季，由此这一天成了美国零售商们每年最盛大的一天，有一种说法是，这个名字正说明了那些在这天生意异常兴隆的商家大额进账，转亏为盈(红色记录赤字，黑色记录盈利)。还有一种说法是因为在这天的伤亡率。顾客们会在争抢折扣商品的拥堵人群中受伤。有些人甚至会为此丧命。 Since they do not celebrate Thanksgiving, Brits had never taken to Black Friday, until last year.Then, some British retailers joined American-owned companies like Amazon to introduce bigsavings. This year many more have embraced it. Visa Europe predicts that shoppers will spend6,000 per second on the day. John Lewis, a big London department store, is opening for itslongest day ever, from 8am to 10pm. 因为从来不过感恩节，所以去年之前英国人对黑色星期五一直无感。而其后，部分英国零售商加盟了类似亚马逊这种美国公司来引进各种省钱方式。在今年，已有更多的零售商投入到这些公司的怀抱。据维信欧洲(VisaEurope，信用卡集团)预测，在黑色星期五这一天，购物者们将每秒消费6000英镑。英国一家大型零售商店约翰·路易斯，在这天也会迎来其

economist 经济学人词汇整理一

A Bad Week for Mexico: Of Prisons and Petroleum 1.petroleum : n.石油，原油 2.bust : ( bust sb /sth for sth ) (of the police 警方) to suddenly enter a place and search it or arrest sb 突击搜查（或逮捕） 3.sabotage : n. 阻碍，妨碍（为防止敌方利用或为表示抗议而进行的）蓄意破坏，阴谋破坏 4.fling : ( flung flung ) to throw sb /sth with somewhere force, especially because you are angry （尤指生气地）扔，掷，抛，丢 eg. The door was suddenly flung open. 门突然被推开了。 5.oil-exploration right : 石油勘探权 6.in tow : (tow:用绳索拖，拉，牵引，拽) eg. with much of his government in tow 在多名政府官员的陪同下 ①if you have sb. in tow, they are with you and following closely behind 紧随着，陪伴着 ②if a ship is taken in tow, it is pulled by another ship （船）被拖着走 7.monopoly : 垄断，专营服务，被垄断的商品（或服务） 8.flop：n. (a film / movie, play, party, etc that is not successful ) （电影，戏剧，聚会等）失败，不成功 9.consortium: a group of people, countries, companies, etc who are working together on a particular project （合作进行某项工程的）财团，银团，联营企业 10.inflated： ①（尤指价格）过高的，高的不合理的 ②（思想，主张等）夸张的，言过其实的 11.block : a large area of land 一片土地 12.the odds are that ( it is likely that...) 可能 13.with luck如果一切顺利 eg. With (any) luck, we will be home before duck. 如果一切顺利的话，我们可在天黑前回到家。 14.in time (for sth/ to do sth)：not late, with enough time to be able to do sth 来得及，及时eg. Will we be in time for the six o’clock train? 我们来得及赶上六点钟的那趟火车吗？ 15.spectacular : adj 令人惊叹的，壮观的 16.ventilate : v. 使（房间，建筑物等）通风，使通气 eg. a well-ventilated room 通风良好的房间 17.stylish：adj 时髦的，新潮的，高雅的，雅致的 18.extradite：引渡（嫌犯或罪犯） 19.recapture : 抓回，再次捕获；回忆，再体验，重温 20.slip away消失，消亡，死去 21.interior : ①the inside part of sth 内部 eg. the interior of a building 楼房内部 ②内陆，内地，腹地 ③（国家的）内政，内务 eg. the Department /Minister of the Interior 内政部/内政大臣 22.manhunt : n.（对罪犯或逃犯的）追捕，搜捕 https://www.sodocs.net/doc/5317940087.html,munications-blocking technology通信拦截技术 24.a no-fly zone禁飞区

10.3期 经济学人翻译参考-L1 the World Economy-中国高翻团队

Leaders 1 The world economy 世界经济 Dominant and dangerous 统治与危机 As America’s economic supremacy fades, the primacy of the dollar looks unsustainable 随着美国经济霸权的衰落，美元的主导地位似乎难以为继 IF HEGEMONS are good for anything, it is for conferring stability on the systems they dominate. For 70 years the dollar has been the superpower of the financial and monetary system. Despite talk of the yuan’s rise, the primacy of the greenback is unchallenged. As a means of payment, a store of value and a reserve asset, nothing can touch it. Yet the dollar’s rule has brittle foundations, and the system it underpins is unstable. Worse, the alternative reserve currencies are flawed. A transition to a more secure order will be devilishly hard. 霸权的好处，在于能够维持霸权本身主导体系的稳定。过去70年间，美元一直是金融及货币体系中的主导力量。即使有人民币崛起一说，但美元的主导地位还未受挑战。无论作为付酬方式、贮藏手段还是储备资产，美元的地位都无可撼动。然而，美元的主导力薄弱，美元主导的体系也缺乏稳定性。更糟糕的是，目前可取代其储备地位的他国货币都存在缺陷。要使全球市场向一个更为安全的金融秩序过渡极为困难。 When the buck stops 当美元无力维系霸权 For decades, America’s economic might legitimised the dollar’s claims to reign supreme. But, as our special report this week explains, a faultline has opened between America’s economic clout and its financial muscle. The United Stat es accounts for 23% of global GDP and 12% of merchandise trade. Yet about 60% of the world’s output, and a similar share of the planet’s people, lie within a de facto dollar zone, in which currencies are pegged to the dollar or move in some sympathy with it. American firms’ share of the stock of international corporate investment has fallen from 39% in 1999 to 24% today. But Wall Street sets the rhythm of markets globally more than it ever did. American fund managers run 55% of the world’s assets under management, up from 44% a decade ago. 几十年来，美国的经济实力保障着美元的霸权地位。但本刊也在这周的“特别报道”一栏中指出，美国的经济影响力与财政实力已出现脱节。目前，美国在全球GDP总量中占23%，在商品贸易总量中占12%，而实际上，全球约60%的经济产量及人口都位于美元区内——区域内的货币要么直接与美元挂钩，要么与