2003—2013年英语CATTI三级《笔译实务》全部试题真题及答案汇总【整理打印版】

2013年5月英语CATTI三级《笔译实务》真题

试题部分：

Section 1: English-Chinese Translation (英译汉) (60 points)

Translate the following passage into Chinese. The time for this section is 120 minutes.

One of the biggest decisions Andy Blevins has ever made, and one of the few he now

The Money Ran Out; Then the Villagers Stepped In

HIGUERA DE LA SERENA, Spain —It didn’t take long for Manuel García Murillo, a bricklayer who took over as mayor here last June, to realize that his town was in trouble. It was 800,000 euros, a little more than $1 million, in the red. There was no cash on hand to pay for anything — and there was work that needed to be done.

But then an amazing thing happened, he said. Just as the health department was about to close down the day care center because it did n’t have a proper kitchen, Bernardo Benítez, a construction worker, offered to put up the walls and the tiles free. Then, Maria José Carmona, an adult education teacher, stepped in to clean the place up.

And somehow, the volunteers just kept coming. Every Sunday now, the residents of this town in southwest Spain — young and old — do what needs to be done, whether it is cleaning the streets, raking the leaves, unclogging culverts or planting trees in the park.

“It was an initiative from them,” said Mr. García. “Day to day we talked to people and we told them there was no money. Of course, they could see it. The grass in between the sidewalks was up to my thigh. “

Higuera de la Serena is in many ways a microcosm of Spain’s troubles. Just as Spain’s national and regional governments are struggling with the collapse of the construction industry, overspending on huge capital projects and a pileup of unpaid bills, the same problems afflict many of its small towns.

But what has brought Higuera de la Serena a measure of fame in Spain is that the residents have stepped up where their government has failed. Mr. García says his phone rings regularly from other town officials who want to know how to do the same thing. He is serving without pay, as are the town’s two other elected officials. They are also forgoing the cars and phones that usually come with the job.

“We lived beyond our means,” Mr. García said. “We invested in public works that weren’t sensible. We are in technical bankruptcy.” Even some money from the Europ ean Union that was supposed to be used for routine operating expenses and last until 2013 has already been spent, he said.

Higuera de la Serena, a cluster of about 900 houses surrounded by farmland, and traditionally dependent on pig farming and olives, got swept up in the giddy days of the construction boom. It built a cultural center and invested in a small nursing home. But the projects were plagued by delays and cost overruns.

The cultural center still has no bathrooms. The nursing home, a whitewashed building sits on the edge of town, still unopened. Together, they account for some $470,000 of debt owed to the bank. But the rest of the debt is mostly the unpaid bills of a town that was not keeping up with its expenses. It owes for medical supplies, for diesel fuel, for road repair, for electrical work, for musicians who played during holidays.

Higuera de la Serena is not completely without workers. It still has a half-time librarian, two half-time street cleaners, someone part-time for the sports complex, a secretary and an administrator, all of whom are paid through various financing streams apart from the town. But the town once had a work force twice the size. And when someone is ill, volunteers have to step in or the gym and sports complex — open four hours a day — must close.

Section 2: Chinese-English Translation (汉译英) (40 points)

Translate the following passage into English. The time for this section is 60 minutes.

10年来，中国经济持续快速发展，经济实力、综合国力、人民生活水平迈上新的台阶，国家面貌发生举世瞩目的历史性变化，为促进亚洲和世界经济增长作出了重要贡献。

中国虽然取得了举世瞩目的发展成就，但仍然是世界上最大的发展中国家，经济社会发展面临巨大的人口、资源、环境压力，发展中不平衡、不协调、不可持续问题依然突出。

2011年，中国开始实施国民经济和社会发展第十二个五年规划纲要，提出了今后５年中国经济社会发展的总体任务。

未来５年，中国将着力实施扩大内需特别是消费需求的战略，建立长效机制，释放消费潜力，着力促进经济增长向依靠消费、投资、出口协调拉动转变。

中国将着力实施“走出去”战略，引导各类所有制企业有序到境外投资，积极开展有利于改善当地基础设施和人民生活的项目合作。中国将着力参与全球经济治理和区域合作，推动国际经济金融体系改革，推动建立均衡、普惠、共赢的多边贸易体制，反对各种形式的保护主义，促进国际经济秩序朝着更加公正合理的方向发展。

答案部分：

Section 1: 英译汉

2012年11月英语CATTI三级《笔译实务》真题

试题部分：

Section 1: English-Chinese Translation (英译汉) (60 points)

Translate the following passage into Chinese. The time for this section is 120 minutes.

FOR MORE than 30 years, I have been wondering about L.R. Generson. On one of our first Christmases together, my husband gave me a complete set of Dickens. There were 20 volumes, bound in gray cloth with black corners, old but in good condition. Stamped on the flyleaf of each volume, in faded block letters, was the name of the previous owner: “L.R. Generson, M.D., Bronx, NY.”

That Dickens set is one of the best presents anyone has ever given me. A couple of the books are still pristine, but others - “Bleak House,’’ “David Copperfield,’’ and especially “Great Expectations’’ - have been read and re-read almost to pieces. Over the years, Pip and Estella and Magwitch have kept me company. So have Lady Dedlock, Steerforth and Peggotty, the Cratchits and the Pecksniffs and the Veneerings. And so, in his silent enigmatic way, has L.R. Generson.

Did he love the books as much as I do? Who was he? On a whim, I Googled him. There wasn’t much - a single mention on a veterans’ website of a World War II captain named Leonard Generson. But I did find a Dr. Richard Generson, an oral surgeon living in New Jersey. Since Generson is not a common name, I decided to write to him.

Dr. Generson was kind enough to write back. He told me that his father, Leonard Richard Generson, was born in 1909. He lived in New York City but went to medical school in Basel, Switzerland. He spoke 10 languages fluently. As an obstetrician and gynecologist, he opened a practice in the Bronx shortly before World War II. His son described him as “an extremely patriotic individual’’; right after Pearl Harbor he closed his practice and enlisted. He served throughout the war as a general surgeon with an airborne special forces unit in Europe, where he became one of the war’s most highly decorated physicians.

The list of his decorations reflects his ordeals and his courage: multiple Purple Hearts, the Bronze Star with “V’’ for valor, the Silver Star, and also the Cross of War, an extremely high honor from the government of France. After the war, he remained in the Army Reserve and attained the rank of full colonel, while also continuing his medical practice in New York. “He was a very dedicated physician who had a large patient following,’’ his son wrote.

Leonard Generson’s son didn’t remember the Dickens set, though he told me that there were always a lot of novels in the house. His mother probably “cleaned house’’ after his father’s death in 1977 - the same year my husband bought the set in a used book store.

I found this letter very moving, with its brief portrait of an intelligent, brave man and his life of service. At the same time, it made me question my presumption that somehow L.R. Generson and I were connected because we’d owned the same set of books. The letter b oth told me a little about him, and told me that I would never really know anything about him - and why should I? His son must have been startled to hear from a stranger on such a fragile pretext. What had I been thinking?

One possible, and only somewhat facetious, answer is that I’ve read too much Dickens. In the world of a Dickens novel, everything is connected to everything else. Orphans find families. Lovers are joined (or parted and morally strengthened). Ancient mysteries are solved and old scores are settled. Questions are answered. Stories end.

Dickens’s cluttered network of connected lives brilliantly exaggerates something that is true of all of us. We want to impose order through telling stories, maybe because there is so much we don’t know abo ut our own stories and the stories of those around us.

Leonard Generson’s life touched mine only lightly, through the coincidence of a set of books. But there are other lives he touched more deeply. The next time I read a Dickens novel, I will think of him and his military service and his 10 languages. And I will think of the hundreds of babies he must have delivered, who are now in the middle of their own lives and their own stories.

Section 2: Chinese-English Translation (汉译英) (40 points)

Translate the following passage into English. The time for this section is 60 minutes.

总部位于美国印第安纳州的得而达（Delta）水龙头公司是美国一家上市公司Masco 集团的核心企业。MASCO集团是世界五百强，家居及装饰行业的领导者，在美国乃至世界有70多家子公司，在全球有超过61,000名雇员，年销售额超过121亿美元。

自从得而达的创始人Alex Manoogian先生在1954年发明了具有划时代意义的单柄水龙头之后，得而达就一直是水龙头制造行业的领导者。德尔达公司是全美水龙头行业中首家成功获得ISO9001质量标准认证的企业。五十多年来一直行业领先，已经成为品质可靠、精巧耐用、物有所值产品的象征。

现在，得而达在美国、加拿大及中国拥有5家大型工厂，年产量超过XXX。在美国乃至全球，美国得而达公司的产品正被越来越多的家庭使用。目前，在全球已经安装了超过2亿个得而达水龙头，是全球水暖专家首选品牌。

得而达作为水龙头和相关产品的全球专家，能够全方位满足全球顾客对设计、功能、质量、外观方面的每一个要求。

答案部分：

Section 1: 英译汉

2012年5月英语CATTI三级《笔译实务》真题

试题部分：

Section 1: English-Chinese Translation (英译汉) (60 points)

Translate the following passage into Chinese. The time for this section is 120 minutes.

PALOS DE LA FRONTERA, Spain — Back home in Gambia, Amadou Jallow was, at 22, a lover of reggae who had just finished college and had landed a job teaching science in a high school. But Europe beckoned.

In his West African homeland, Mr. Jallow’s salary was the equivalent of just 50 euros a month, barely enough for the necessities, he said. And everywhere in his neighborhood in Serekunda, Gambia’s largest city, there was talk of easy money to be made in Europe.

Now he laughs bitterly about all that talk. He lives in a patch of woods here in southern Spain, just outside the village of Palos de la Frontera, with hundreds of other immigrants. They have built their homes out of plastic sheeting and cardboard, unsure if the water they drink from an open pipe is safe. After six years on the continent, Mr. Jallow is rail thin, and his eyes have a yellow tinge. “We are not bush people,” he said recently as he gathered twigs to start a fire. “You think you are civilized. But this is how we live here. We suffer here.”

The political upheaval in Libya and elsewhere in North Africa has opened the way for thousands of new migrants to make their way to Europe across the Mediterranean. Already some 25,000 have reached the island of Lampedusa, Italy, and hundreds more have arrived at Malta.

The boats, at first, brought mostly Tunisians. But lately there have been more sub-Saharans.

Experts say thousands more — many of whom have been moving around North Africa trying to get to Europe for years, including Somalis, Eritreans, Senegalese and Nigerians — are likely to follow, sure that a better life awaits them.

But for Mr. Jallow and for many others who arrived before them, often after days at sea without food or water, Europe has offered hardships they never imagined. These days Mr. Jallow survives on two meals a day, mostly a leaden paste made from flour and oil, which he stirs with a branch.

“It keeps the hunger away,” he said.

The authorities estimate that there are perhaps 10,000 immigrants living in the woods in the southern Spanish province of Andalusia, a region known for its crops of strawberries, raspberries and blueberries, and there are thousands more migrants in areas that produce olives, oranges and vegetables. Most of them have stories that echo Mr. Jallow’s.

From the road, their encampments look like igloos tucked among the trees. Up close, the squalor is clear. Piles of garbage and flies are everywhere. Old clothes, stiff from dirt and rain, hang from branches.

“There is everything in there,” said Diego Ca?amero, the leader of the farm workers’ union in Andalusia, which tries t o advocate for the men. “You have rats and snakes and mice and fleas.”

The men in the woods do not call home with the truth, though. They send pictures of themselves posing next to Mercedes cars parked on the street, the kind of pictures that Mr. Jallow says he fell for so many years ago. Now he shakes his head toward his neighbors, who will not talk to reporters.

“So many lies,” he said. “It is terrible what they are doing. But they are embarrassed.”

Even now, though, Mr. Jallow will not consider going back to Gambia. “I would prefer to die here,” he said. “I cannot go home empty-handed. If I went home, they would be saying, “What have you been doing with yourself, Amadou?’ They think in Europe there is money all over.”

The immigrants — virtually all of them are men — cluster by nationality and look for work on the farms. But Mr. Ca?amero says they are offered only the least desirable work, like handling pesticides, and little of it at that. Most have no working papers.

Occasionally, the police bring bulldozers to tear down the shelters. But the men, who have usually used their family’s life savings to get here, are mostly left alone — the conditions they live under are an open secret in the nearby villages.

Section 2: Chinese-English Translation (汉译英) (40 points)

Translate the following passage into English. The time for this section is 60 minutes.

今年是中国加入世贸组织10周年。10年来，中国经济发展实现了新的跨越，对世界经济增长的贡献日益增大。10年来，中国平均关税水平从15.3%降至9.8%，达到并超过了世贸组织对发展中国家的要求。10年来，中国总计从海外进口达8.5万亿美元，为各国发展提供了广阔市场。

中国经济社会发展的总体形势是好的。在世界经济形势依然复杂多变的情况下，中国有针对性地加强和改善宏观调控，着力稳物价、调结构、保民生、促和谐，经济增长由政策刺激向自主增长有序转变，国民经济继续朝着宏观调控的预期方向发展。

为了巩固经济社会发展良好势头，我们将坚持以科学发展为主题、以加快转变经济发展方式为主线，继续加强和改善宏观调控，继续处理好保持经济平稳较快发展、调整经济结构、管理通胀预期的关系，更加注重以人为本，更加注重全面协调可持续发展，更加注重统筹兼顾，更加注重改革开放，更加注重保障和改善民生。中国经济发展的前景是光明的。中国经济保持平稳较快发展，对世界经济发展无疑将是有利的。

答案部分：

Section 1: 英译汉

西班牙帕洛斯德拉弗龙特拉--在冈比亚国内时，阿玛窦﹒雅罗（Amadou Jallow）曾是个雷鬼乐迷，22岁那年他刚刚大学毕业，在国内一所高中还谋得了科学教职。不过，他最终还是选择了到欧洲寻梦。

他说，在冈比亚国内，他的月薪仅合50欧元，基本生活费都不够。他来自冈比亚第一大城市萨拉昆达，周围的人都纷纷表示欧洲的钱比较好赚。

现在，他对人们的这种论调只能报以苦笑。他与其他数百名移民就住在西班牙南部帕洛斯德拉弗龙特拉村外的一片树林里。他们的安身之所是用塑料膜和纸板搭建起

来的，饮用水取自一个露天水管，不过他们并不确信这水真的适合饮用。雅罗到欧洲已有六个年头了，现在的他骨瘦如柴，眼睛泛着淡黄色。

最近见他时，他边捡拾柴火边向我倾诉，?我们不是生活在树林里的野人。你们以为自己是个文明的国家，但是我们这里的生活状况却是这样，我们是在这里受罪。?北非的利比亚等国爆发了政治动乱后，数千人借机穿越地中海抵达欧洲，加入了移民大军。现在，已有25,000人抵达了意属蓝佩杜萨岛，另有数百人抵达了马耳他。

最开始移民的主要是突尼斯人，但最近撒哈拉以南非洲地区的移民占了多数。

许多索马里、厄立特里亚、塞内加尔和尼日利亚等国家的人多年来一直在北非地区游荡，试图寻找机会移往欧洲。专家们称，现在很可能还有数千人将加入移民阵营，这些人确信欧洲美好的生活正等待着他们。

但是，对于雅罗等许许多多的老非洲移民而言，他们在海上一连几天都没吃没喝，而抵达欧洲后，等待他们的往往是难以想象的苦难。这几天，雅罗一天只吃两顿饭，主食就是用树枝搅拌面粉和油做成的面团，这种食物难以消化。

?吃这种食物就不饿了，?他说道。

当局估计，在西班牙南部安达卢西亚省的这片树林里生活着约1万名移民。这一地区以生产草莓、树莓和蓝莓闻名。而在盛产橄榄油、橙子和蔬菜的地区也有数千名移民。他们中大部分人的境遇都与雅罗相似。从公路上远远望去，他们的简易居所看起来就像是掩藏在树林里的圆顶冰屋，可等走近再看，则是一片狼藉，肮脏不堪：垃圾堆积如山，苍蝇到处乱飞，树枝上挂着破旧的衣服，经过泥土和雨水的浸泡，衣服都硬邦邦的。

迪亚哥﹒卡纳梅洛（Diego Cañamero）是安达安达卢西亚的农场工会领袖，该工会也在为这些移民工人争取权益。卡纳梅洛说，?他们住的地方各种害虫应有尽有：大鼠、蛇、小耗子和跳蚤。?

即便如此，生活在这里的人们在给国内的家人打电话时也都不会实情以告。他们寄回家的光鲜照片都是站在街上停着的梅赛德斯车旁拍的，就连雅罗自己若干年前也曾对这样的照片信以为真。现在，他冲住在这里的邻居直摇头，因为他们不愿接受记者采访。

?太多的谎言！?他说道，?他们这样做很不好，但是他们自己的情况也确实令人尴尬。?

但即便如此，雅罗也不会考虑回国。他说，?我宁愿死在这里，也不愿空手回去，如果就这样回去了，人们就会说，…阿玛窦，你怎么混成这样了？?他们都以为欧洲遍地是黄金。?

移民几乎清一色都是男子，他们按照国籍抱团，到农场找工作。但是，卡纳梅洛说，他们能找到的工作都是喷洒农药等一些苦差事，报酬也微不足道。大部分移民工人都没有雇用证明。

警察偶尔会动用推土机拆除这些简易居所。不过，这些靠家里人毕生的积蓄才来到欧洲的移民其生活条件之恶劣在周边村庄早已是公开的秘密，所以，警察通常也不会找他们麻烦。

Section 2: 汉译英

In the past ten years, China's economy has made significant advance and its contribution to world economic growth has been growing. China's average tariff level has dropped from 15.3 percent to 9.8 percent, which is lower than the WTO requirement for developing countries.

Its total imports in this period have reached 8.5 trillion U.S. dollars, creating a huge market for other countries. In the face of the complex and volatile global economic environment, China has taken targeted measures this year to strengthen and improve macro control, with focus on stabilizing prices, adjusting the economic structure, ensuring people's well-being, and promoting harmony. The Chinese economy is driven more by its internal dynamism than policy stimulus. And it is moving in the direction consistent with the objectives of macro control.

To sustain the sound momentum of China's economic and social development, we will continue to pursue development in a scientific way and redouble efforts to shift the growth model. We will continue to strengthen and improve macro control, and maintain a balance between achieving steady and fast economic growth, adjusting the economic structure and managing inflation expectation. Putting people's interests first and taking a holistic approach to development, we will work harder to achieve all-round, balanced and sustainable development, deepen reform and opening-up, and improve people's well-being. We will have a bright prospect for the Chinese economy. And continued steady and fast economic growth in China will serve the interest of global economic growth.

Translate the following passage into Chinese. The time for this section is 120 minutes.

This month, the United Nations Development Program made water and sanitation the centerpiece of its flagship publication, the Human Development Report.

Claims of a "water apartheid," where poor people pay more for water than the rich, are bound to attract attention. But what are the economics behind the problem, and how can it be fixed? In countries that have trouble delivering clean water to their people, a lack of infrastructure is often the culprit. People in areas that are not served by public utilities have to rely on costlier ways of getting water, such as itinerant water trucks and treks to wells. Paradoxically, as the water sources get costlier, the water itself tends to be more dangerous. Water piped by utilities - to the rich and the poor alike - is usually cleaner than water trucked in or collected from an outdoor tank.

The problem exists not only in rural areas but even in big cities like Manila and Jakarta, said Hakan Bjorkman, program director of the UN agency in Thailand. Further, subsidies made to local water systems often end up benefiting people other than the poor, he added.

The agency proposes a three-step solution. First, make access to 20 liters, or 5 gallons, of clean water a day a human right. Next, make local governments accountable for delivering this service. Last, invest in infrastructure to link people to water mains. The report says governments, especially in developing countries, should spend at least 1 percent of gross domestic product on water and sanitation. It also recommends that foreign aid be more directed toward these problems. Clearly, this approach relies heavily on government intervention, something Bjorkman readily acknowledged. But there are some market-based approaches as well.

By offering cut-rate connections to poor people to the water mainline, the private water utility in Abidjan, Ivory Coast, has steadily increased access to clean water, according to the agency’s report. A subsidy may not even be necessary, despite the agency’s proposals, if a country can harness the economic benefits of providing clean water.

People who receive clean water are much less likely to die from water-borne diseases - a common malady in the developing world - and much more likely to enjoy long, productive, taxpaying lives that can benefit their host countries. So if a government is trying to raise financing to invest in new infrastructure, it might find receptive ears in private credit markets - as long as it can harness the return. Similarly, private companies may calculate that it is worth bringing clean water to an area if its residents are willing to pay back the investment over many years.

In the meantime, some local solutions are being found. In Thailand, Bjorkman said, some small communities are taking challenges like water access upon themselves. "People organize themselves in groups to leverage what little resources they have to help their communities," he said. "That’s especially true out in the rural areas. They invest their money in revolving funds and saving schemes, and they invest themselves to improve their villages. "It is not always easy Translate the following passage into English. The time for this section is 60 minutes.

即使遇到丰收年景，对中国来说，要用世界百分之七的耕地养活全球五分之一的人口仍是一项艰巨的任务。

中国政府面临许多挑战，最严峻的挑战之一就是耕地流失。过去几年中，平均每年有66.7万公顷耕地被城市扩建、工业发展以及公路建设工程占用，另有1万平方公里的耕地被沙漠吞噬。

中国北方地区地下水位下降，农民不得不改种耐旱、地产作物，甚至撂荒。同时，农业基础设施损耗严重，三分之二的灌溉设施需要整修。

由于农民为增加收入而改种经济作物，农业生产方式正在转变。过去十几年，全国水果和蔬菜种植面积平均每年增加130万公顷。因此，水稻、玉米及小麦产量急剧下降。中国已由粮食净出口国变为粮食净进口国。

中国政府把农业改革视为头等大事，投入大量资金用于提高小麦和稻米的收购价以及改进农田灌溉基础设施。近年来，农产品的价格稳步上升，中国政府采取此项措施以提高农民种粮的积极性。

答案部分：

Section 1: 英译汉

本月，联合国发展规划将水利和公共设施列为其高端出版物――人类发展报告的核心内容。

在一些地方穷人比富人支付的水费要多，因此关于?水隔离制度?的主张应当引起关注。但是问题背后的经济如何？怎么解决这一问题？一些国家不能为人们提供纯净水，究其原因常常是缺乏基础设施。在不能依靠公共设施供水的地方，人们需要需要通过昂贵的方式来获取水资源，例如卡车循环运送水或者长途跋涉到水井取水。水资源越昂贵，水质似乎越劣质，这是自相矛盾的。由公共设施运送到千家万户的水（穷人和富人同等对待）常常比从户外蓄水池中得来的水要干净。

哈坎〃比约克曼是联合国泰国事务处的计划主管，他说，这一问题不仅仅存在于乡村地区，甚至是在大城市也是如此。此外，他补充道，当地水利机构提供的补助最终受益人是除了穷人以外的人民群众。

该事务处提出了一项三步走解决方案。第一步是使每天获得 20 升（或者 5 加仑）纯净水成为一项公民权利。第二步是促使地方政府义务提供这项服务。第三步是在人们和水路总线之间引进基础设施进行联接。该项报告称，政府，尤其是在发展中国家，应当至少花费GDP 的1%用于水源和公共设施。它同时强调，外国援助要更直接用于解决这些问题。很明显，这一方法主要依靠政府干预，比约克曼很认同这一点。当然也存在一些基于市场的举措。

据事务处的报告，科特迪瓦的首都阿比让提供打了折扣的管道联系穷人和水路总线，其民间水利设施逐渐增加了纯净水供应。如果国家能利用供给纯净水的经济益处，甚至可能不再需要补助，尽管这是事务处的提议。

获得纯净水的人们更不容易死于由水传播的疾病，因而更长寿、更富足，并且所纳税款有利于他们的国家，然而在发展中国家存在这样一个普遍的弊端。因此如果政府尽力提高资金引进新基础设施，那么它将在民间信贷市场获得良好声誉，前提是它能充分利用这一回报。同样的，私营企业可能会估算，如果当地居民乐意长期回报这一投资，将纯净水引入某一地区这一举措是很有价值的。

获得纯净水的人们更不容易死于由水传播的疾病，因而更长寿、更富足，并且所纳税款有利于他们的国家，然而在发展中国家存在这样一个普遍的弊端。因此如果政府尽力提高资金引进新基础设施，那么它将在民间信贷市场获得良好声誉，前提是它能充分利用这一回报。同样的，私营企业可能会估算，如果当地居民乐意长期回报这一投资，将纯净水引入某一地区这一举措是很有价值的。

Section 2: 汉译英

For China, it is still an arduous task to feed one-fifth population of the world with seven percents field on the earth, even in a good harvest year.

The Chinese government is faced with many challenges, one of the most serious is the cultivated area loses. In the past several years, 0.667 million hectares cultivated areas were averagely used to expand the city, develop industries and road construction programs every year, and other one billion square metres were swallowed by the desert.

The level of water in the northern China has fallen, so that the farmers had no choice but to plant crops that are drought-enduring and grown in the earth , even plant nothing in the field. In the meantime, the agricultural infrastructure was caused loss seriously and two-thirds irrigation facilities needed to be fixed.

The pattern of the agricultural production is undergoing transformation because the farmers have planted industrial crops instead to increase incomes. In the last decades of years, the area under fruit and vegetables averagely increased 1.3 million hectares year by year. So the yield of rice, corn and wheat decreased rapidly. China became a net export country instead of a net import country.

The Chinese government has given the greatest priority to the agricultural reform and invested a large amount of money to raise the prices of wheat and rice, as well as improved irrigation infrastructure for fields. In recent years, the price of agricultural products has increased steadily and the Chinese government has taken the measure to raise the activity of farmers to plant grains.

2011年5月英语CATTI三级《笔译实务》真题

试题部分：

Section 1: English-Chinese Translation (英译汉) (60 points)

Translate the following passage into Chinese. The time for this section is 120 minutes.

TONEHENGE, England — The prehistoric monument of Stonehenge stands tall in the British countryside as one of the last remnants of the Neolithic Age. Recently it has also become the latest symbol of another era: the new fiscal austerity.

Renovations —including a plan to replace the site’s run-down visitors center with one almost five times bigger and to close a busy road that runs along the 5,000-year-old monument — had to be mothballed in June. The British government had suddenly withdrawn ￡10 million, or $16 million, in financing for the project as part of a budget squeeze.

Stonehenge, once a temple with giant stone slabs aligned in a circle to mark the passage of the sun, is among the most prominent victims of the government’s spending cut s. The decision was heavily criticized by local lawmakers, especially because Stonehenge, a Unesco World Heritage site, was part of London’s successful bid to host the 2012 Olympic Games. The shabby visitors center there now is already too small for the 950,000 people who visit Stonehenge each year, let alone the additional onslaught of tourists expected for the Games, the lawmakers say.

Stonehenge is the busiest tourist attraction in Britain’s southwest, topping even Windsor Castle. But no major improvements have been made to the facilities there since they were built 40 years ago. For now, portable toilets lead from a crammed parking lot, via a makeshift souvenir shop in a tent, to a ticket office opposite a small kiosk that sells coffee and snacks.

The overhaul was scheduled for next spring. Plans by the architectural firm Denton Corker Marshall would keep the stone monument itself unchanged. But the current ticket office and shop would be demolished and a new visitors center would be built on the other side of the monument, about two and a half kilometers, or 1.5 miles, from the stones. The center would include a shop almost five times the size of the current one, a proper restaurant, three times as many parking spots and an exhibition space to provide more information about Stonehenge’s history.

A transit system would shuttle visitors between the center and the stones while footpaths would encourage tourists to walk to the monument and explore the surrounding burial hills. The closed road would be grassed over to improve the surrounding landscape.

Last year, the ￡27 million project won the backing of former Prime Minister Gordon Brown. After more than 25 years of bickering with local communities about how and where to build the new center, planning permission was granted in January. Construction was supposed to start next year and be completed in time for the Olympics — but the economic downturn has changed those plans.

The new prime minister, David Cameron, has reversed many of his predecessor’s promises as part of a program to cut more than ￡99 billion annually over the next five years to help close a gaping budget deficit. The financing for Stonehenge fell in the first round of cuts,

worth about ￡6.2 billion, from the budget for the current year, along with support for a hospital and the British Film Institute.

English Heritage, a partly government-financed organization that owns Stonehenge and more than 400 other historic sites in the country, is now aggressively looking for private donations. But the economic downturn has made the endeavor more difficult.

Hunched over architectural renderings of the new cen ter, Loraine Knowles, Stonehenge’s project director, said she was disappointed that the government had withdrawn money while continuing to support museums in London, like the Tate and the British Museum. But Ms. Knowles said she was hopeful that English Heritage could raise the money elsewhere. Stonehenge, she said, could then also become “a shining example of how philanthropy could work.”

Section 2: Chinese-English Translation (汉译英) (40 points)

Translate the following passage into English. The time for this section is 60 minutes.

2010年9月7日国家副主席习近平在联合国贸发会的发言

坚持对外开放基本国策，坚定不移地发展开放型经济、奉行互利共赢的开放战略，是改革开放30多年来中国经济持续快速发展的一条成功经验。招商引资、择优选资，促进“引资”与“引智”相结合，是中国对外开放的重要内容。

截至2010年7月，中国累计设立外商投资企业69.8万家，实际使用外资1.05万亿美元。目前中国22%的税收、28%的工业增加值、55%的进出口、50%的技术引进、约4500万人的就业，都来自外商投资企业的贡献。对外开放、吸引外资是互利共赢的。对中国来说，通过持续吸引外资为国家现代化建设提供了必要的资金、先进的技术和宝贵的管理经验以及众多国际化人才。对外商投资企业来说，则赢得了可观的投资回报，不少在华外商投资企业成为其母公司全球业务的增长亮点和利润中心。联合国贸发会议最新调查显示，目前中国依然是全球最具吸引力的投资东道国。

近年来，中国全面把握对外开放阶段性特点，按照完善内外联动、互利共赢、安全高效的开放型经济体系的要求，总结实践中的成功经验，把“引进来”和“走出去”更好地结合起来，创新对外投资和合作方式，支持企业在研发、生产、销售等方面开展国际化经营。

截至2009年底，中国共在境外设立企业1.3万家，境外企业资产总额超过1万亿美元，对外投资存量已达2457亿美元，投资区域遍布全球177个国家和地区。目前，中国正在加快推进各种形式的对外投资合作，培育发展中国的跨国公司，支持有实力的企业建立国际营销网络，加强境外基础设施建设合作，规范发展对外劳务合作，积极推动境外经贸合作区建设，缓解我国生产能力过剩、内需不足的矛盾，推动国内产业转型，带动相关产品和服务出口。

答案部分： Section 1: 英译汉 英国的巨石柱群——史前的巨石柱群遗址高高地矗立在英国郊外作为新石器时代最后的遗迹之一。最近，它又成为另一个时代的最新标志：新财政紧缩。 务必在六月份完成翻新，该举措的一项计划是用扩大了近五倍的会场来替代该遗址破旧的游客中心，并且要封闭一条沿着这座五千年之久的遗址伸展着的繁忙街道。为紧缩预算，英国政府要在项目资金上立即撤回1000万英镑或者1600万美元。 巨石柱群曾是一座圣堂，内有巨大的石板围成的一个圈来表示太阳的运行轨迹，它首当其冲成为政府缩减开支的突出对象。当地立法者激烈批判了该项决议，这是因为巨石柱群是联合国教科文组织评定的遗产，是伦敦成功申报举办2012年奥运会功不可没的一部分。立法者称，巨石柱群里简陋的游客中心太小了，不能应对其每年多达95万参观人次这一情况，更谈不上容纳奥运会期间数量猛增的游客了。

巨石柱群是英国西南部最繁忙的游客观光点，其名气甚至超过了温莎城堡。但是自从40年前该景观修建以来，没有进行过较大改善。现在，移动式公厕从拥挤的停车空地，穿过临时搭建的帐篷里的纪念品商店，一直延伸到售卖咖啡和零食的小亭子对面的售票处。

此次检修按日程于明年春天进行。按照建筑公司DCM 的计划，巨石遗址本身不会

大约距离巨石2.5公里(1.5英里)远。游客中心内设有一家规模扩大近五倍的商店，一家正规的饭店，停车点数量增加了两倍，还设有一个展览馆，提供了更多关于巨石柱群历史的信息。运送系统将在游客中心和巨石之间往返运送游客，而人行小径会引导者游客走去遗址，探索周围的墓地山坡。封闭的街道将会铺满草坪，以美化周围的风景。

去年，一项耗资2700万美元的计划得到前首相戈登〃布朗的支持。经过25年多与当地委员会就如何1月份得以通过。据推测修建将于明年开始，能在奥运会时及时竣工，但是受经济下滑的影响，该计划被迫更改。 新首相大卫〃卡梅伦撤消了其前任的很多项许诺，以实现在未来的五年内每年削减990，巨石柱群的资金在第一轮削减中就减少了，第一轮削减了约62亿美元，此外同样减少了对一家医院和英国电影学院的支持。

英国文物委员会是一家由部分政府资助的组织，它拥有巨石柱群和国内400多处其他遗址，目前正大力寻求民间资助。但是经济下滑使得这一努力难以有收获。

洛兰〃诺尔斯是巨石柱群计划的领导者，她躬身趴在新游客中心的建筑示意图上，类，这一举措感到很失望。但诺尔斯女士称其希望英国文物委员会在其他地方能提高资金。她认为巨石柱群也可以成为?慈善效应?的一个华丽典型。 Section 2: 汉译英

It is a piece of successful experience to maintain the basic policy of opening to the

outside world, strive to develop open economy and follow the open strategy of mutual benefit and win-win for China's constant and rapid development of more than 30 years

since the reform and opening up. China's reform and opening up mainly consists of attracting investments from overseas, choosing investments from the superior ones, and

promoting the attracting investments and attracting wisdom to combine with each other.

China has totally set 0.698 million foreign-owned enterprises, utilized foreign capital totals 1.05 trillion dollars actually by July, 2010. For now the foreign-owned enterprises have made contributions to 22 percents of China's revenue, 28 percents of China's industrial value-add tax, 55 percents of import and export, 50 percents of introduced technologies and employment of 45 million people. For China, it has provided necessary capital, advanced technologies, precious administrative experience and many international talents by constantly attracting foreign capital for modernization. For the foreign-owned enterprises, it has brought considerable return of investment, a number of foreign-owned enterprises in China have become the increasing shining point and profit center. The latest survey of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development(UNCTAD) shows that China is still the most attractive investment host country of the world.

Recently, China has comprehensively grasped the gradual characteristics of reform and opening up, followed the opening economic system's requirements of improving internal and external linkage, persisting mutually benefit and win-win and safety and high-efficiency, summarizing successful experience in practice, integrating bringing in and going out preferably, achieving innovations in the patterns of investment and cooperation, and supporting the enterprises to implement international management in research and development, production, sales and so on.

By the end of 2009, China has totally set 13 thousand enterprises overseas, the overseas investment has totaled more than one trillion dollars, the total stock of foreign investment has reached 245.7 billion dollars, the investment areas have spread 177 countries and areas over the world. Now, China is accelerating various foreign investment and cooperation, developing Chinese multinational corporations, supporting strong enterprises to build international marking nets, enhancing overseas cooperation in infrastructure construction, standardizing and developing foreign cooperation in the field of labor services, proactively making progress in construction of overseas economy and trade cooperation areas, alleviating the conflicts of excess production capacity and inadequate domestic demand, promoting the transformation of domestic industries, and spurring on the export of related productions.

2010年11月英语CATTI三级《笔译实务》真题

试题部分：

Section 1: English-Chinese Translation (英译汉) (60 points)

Translate the following passage into Chinese. The time for this section is 120 minutes.

When night falls in remote parts of Africa and the Indian subcontinent, hundreds of millions of people without access to electricity turn to candles or kerosene lamps for illumination.

Slowly through small loans for solar powered devices, microfinance is bringing light to these rural regions where a lack of electricity has stemmed economic development, held down literacy rates and damaged health.

“Earlier, they could not do much once the sun set. Now, the sun is used differently. They have increased their productivity, improved their health and socio-e conomic status,” said Pinal Shah from SEWA Bank, a micro-lending institution.

Vegetable seller Ramiben Waghri took out a loan to buy a solar lantern which she uses to light up her stall at night. The lantern costs between $66-$112, about a week’s income fo r Waghri. “The vegetables look better by this light, and it’s cheaper than kerosene and doesn’t smell,” said Waghri, who estimates she makes about 300 rupees ($6) more each evening with her lantern. “If we can use the sun to save some money, why not?”

In India, solar power projects, often funded by micro credit institutions, are helping the country reduce carbon emissions and achieve its goal to double the contribution of renewable energy to 6%, or 25,000 megawatts, within the next four years.

Off-grid applications such as solar cookers and lanterns, which can provide several hours of light at night after being charged by the sun during the day, will help cut dependence on fossil fuels and reduce the fourth biggest emitter’s carbon footprint, said Pradeep Da dhich, a senior fellow at energy research institute TERI in India “They are reaching people who otherwise have limited or no access to electricity and depend on kerosene, diesel or firewood for their energy need,” he said. “The appliances not only satisfy these needs, they also improve the quality of life and reduce the carbon emissions.”

SEWA, or the Self-Employed Women’s Association, is among a growing number of microfinance institutions in India focused on providing affordable renewable energy sources to poor people, who otherwise would have had to stand for hours to buy kerosene for lamps or trudge kilometers to collect firewood for cooking.

SKS, Microfinance, the largest such institution in India, offers solar lamps to its 5 million customers, while the Rural Solar Electricity Foundation helps pay for lamps and systems for homes and street lighting for villagers in India, Nepal and Bangladesh.

In neighboring Bangladesh, the state-owned and private-sector power plants can generate 3,700 to 4,300 megawatts of electricity a day against a demand of 5,500 megawatts, according to the state-run power development board. With only 40 percent of the country’s people having access to electricity, microfinance institutions like Grameen Bank have made a major push toward expanding the use of solar power. Since 2001, 350,000 solar home systems have been

installed in Bangladesh and 550,000 solar lanterns have been distributed, bringing solar power to about 4 million people.

“Right now 2.5million people are benefiting fro m solar energy, and we have a plan to reach 10 million people by the end of 2012,” said Dipal Chandra Barua, managing director of Grameen Shakti, an offshoot of the 2006 Nobel Peace Prize winner Grameen Bank, which encourages the use of alternative energy.

Section 2: Chinese-English Translation (汉译英) (40 points)

Translate the following passage into English. The time for this section is 60 minutes.

互联网推进了中国经济社会发展。在经济领域，互联网加速向传统产业渗透，产业边界日益交融，新型商务模式和服务经济加速兴起，衍生了新的业态。互联网在促进经济结构调整、转变经济发展方式等方面发挥着越来越重要的作用。

互联网成为推动中国经济发展的重要引擎。包括互联网在内的信息技术与产业，对中国经济高速增长作出了重要贡献。

互联网与实体经济不断融合，利用互联网改造和提升传统产业，带动了传统产业结构调整和经济发展方式的转变调整。互联网发展与运用还催生了一批新兴产业，工业咨询、软件服务、外包服务等工业服务业蓬勃兴起。信息技术在加快自主创新和节能降耗，推动减排治污等方面的作用日益凸显，互联网已经成为中国发展低碳经济的新型战略性产业。

中国政府将大力推动电子商务类、教育类网站发展，积极推进电子政务建设，支持发展网络广播、网络电视等新兴媒体，倡导提供形式多样、内容丰富的互联网信息服务，以满足人们多样化、多层次的信息消费需求。

答案部分：

Section 1: 英译汉

在印度次大陆的边远地区，当夜幕降临的时候，数亿人用不上电，靠蜡烛或煤油灯照明。用小额短期贷款购买太阳能装臵，小额借贷渐渐地给这些农村地区带来了光明。缺点一直阻碍着那些地方的经济发展，限制了识字率的提高，损害了人们的健康。

赛瓦银行是一家小额信贷机构，其工作人员皮纳〃沙赫说，?早先，太阳一落山，人们就干不了多少事了。现在，采取不同的方法来利用太阳，人们提高了生产力，改善了健康状况，提高了社会经济地位。?

拉米本〃瓦格里是一个菜贩，她贷款购买了一盏太阳能灯，夜晚挂在菜摊上照明。一盏太阳能灯标价66至112美元，大约是瓦格里女士这样的人一周的收入。瓦格里女士说：?这盏灯一照，蔬菜显得更新鲜了，而且这还比用煤油便宜，也没什么气味。?她估计，有了这盏灯，她每晚可多挣300卢比，合6美元。她说：?要是能用太阳省点钱，干嘛不呢??

在印度，太阳能项目往往能得到小额信贷机构的资助，这些项目正帮助这个国家减少碳排放，并在未来4年内实现使可再生能源的贡献率翻一番的目标，即6%，合25,000兆瓦。

印度能源资源研究所（简称TERI）高级研究员普拉迪普〃达迪奇称，不靠电网供电的电器，如太阳能灶和在白天吸收太阳能后可在夜间照明数小时之久的太阳能灯，将有助于减少对化石燃料的依赖。他还说：?许多人用不上电，或只能用少量的电，而用煤油、柴油或柴火满足其能源需求，现在他们也能用上这些电器了。这些电器不仅能满足他们的需求，还能提高他们的生活质量，减少碳排放量。?个体经营妇女协会（简称SEWA）是印度日益增多的小额信贷机构之一，其工作重点是向穷人提供廉价的可再生能源，否则这些穷人只得排数小时的队去买煤油点灯，或跋涉几公里路去拾柴做饭。

SKS小额借贷公司是印度此类机构中最大的，它向500万客户提供太阳能灯，而农村太阳能电力基金会则为印度、尼泊尔和孟加拉国村民购买此类家庭用灯和街道照明系统付款。

国家电力发展局提供的数据，在邻国孟加拉，国营和私营发电厂每天能生产3700至4300兆瓦的电力，而每天的电需求量则是5500兆瓦。由于仅有40%的人能用上电，小额借贷机构如格拉民银行就大力推广利用太阳能。自2001年以来，已在孟加拉国安装了35万套家用太阳能设备，提供了55万盏太阳能灯，使约400万人用上了太阳能。

格拉民银行曾因提倡使用替代能源而荣获2006年诺贝尔和平奖，其分支机构格拉民沙克蒂公司总裁迪帕.钱德拉.巴鲁亚说，?目前有250万人受益于太阳能，我们还有一个计划，到2012年底前要把太阳能推广至1000万人。?

Section 2: 汉译英

The Internet is helping promote the economic and social development of China. In the economic sector, the Internet has spread its influence into traditional industry which leads to the emergence of new business models and service economy generating new types of industries. The Internet is playing an increasingly important role in promoting economic restructuring and transforming the pattern of economic development.

The Internet has become an engine promoting the economic development of China. IT including the Internet and its industry has made significant contributions to the rapid growth of the Chinese economy.

The combination of the Internet and the real economy the reform and enhancement of traditional industry through IT have given an impetus to the restructuring of traditional industry and changing of the pattern of its development. The development and application of the Internet has given rise to the emergence of many new industries. Services for the development of industries such as industrial counseling software service and outsourcing are mushrooming. The role of IT in promoting independent innovation energy conservation emission reduction and environmental protection has become ever more prominent. The Inter-net has emerged as a new strategic industry in China’s development of low-carbon economy.

The Chinese government will vigorously promote the development of websites featuring e-commerce and education give impetus to the building of e-government advocate the development of emerging media such as online radio and online television and call for the provision of varied and rich Internet information services to satisfy the diversified multi-leveled needs of information consumption.

2010年5月英语CATTI三级《笔译实务》真题

试题部分：

Section 1: English-Chinese Translation (英译汉) (60 points)

Translate the following passage into Chinese. The time for this section is 120 minutes.

LECCO, Italy — Each morning, about 450 students travel along 17 school bus routes to 10 elementary schools in this lakeside city at the southern tip of Lake Como. There are zero school buses.

In 2003, to confront the triple threats of childhood obesity, local traffic jams and — most important — a rise in global greenhouse gases abetted by car emissions, an environmental group here proposed a retro-radical concept: children should walk to school.

They set up a piedibus (literally foot-bus in Italian) — a bus route with a driver but no vehicle. Each morning a mix of paid staff members and parental volunteers in fluorescent yellow vests lead lines of walking students along Lecco’s twisting streets to the schools’ gates, Pied Piper-style, stopping here and there as their flock expands.

At the Carducci School, 100 children, or more than half of the students, now take walking buses. Many of them were previously driven in cars. Giulio Greppi, a 9-year-old with shaggy blond hair, said he had been driven about a third of a mile each way until he started taking the piedibus. “I get to see my friends and we feel special because we know it’s good for the environment,” he said.

Although the routes are each generally less than a mile, the town’s piedibuses have so far eliminated more than 100,000 miles of car travel and, in principle, prevented thousands of tons of greenhouse gases from entering the air, Dario Pesenti, the town’s environment auditor, estimates.

The number of children who are driven to school over all is rising in the United States and Europe, experts on both continents say, making up a sizable chunk of transportation’s contribution to greenhouse-gas emissions.

The “school run” made up 18 percent of car trips by urban residents of Britain last year, a national survey showed.

In 1969, 40 percent of students in the United States walked to school; in 2001, the most recent year data was collected, 13 percent did, according to the federal government’s National Household Travel Survey.

Lecco’s walking bus was the first in Italy, but hundre ds have cropped up elsewhere in Europe and, more recently, in North America to combat the trend.

Towns in France, Britain and elsewhere in Italy have created such routes, although few are as extensive and long-lasting as Lecco’s.

Section 2: Chinese-English Translation (汉译英) (40 points)

Translate the following passage into English. The time for this section is 60 minutes.

全球气候变化深刻影响着人类生存和发展，是各国共同面临的重大挑战。气候变化是人类发展进程中出现的问题，既受自然因素影响，也受人类活动影响，既是环境问题，更是发展问题，同各国发展阶段、生活方式、人口规模、资源禀赋以及国际产业分工等因素密切相关。

归根到底，应对气候变化问题应该也只能在发展过程中推进，应该也只能靠共同发展来解决。中国已经制定和实施了《应对气候变化国家方案》，明确提出2005 年到2010 年降低单位国内生产总值能耗和主要污染物排放、提高森林覆盖率和可再生能源比重等有约束力的国家指标。

中国高度重视和积极推动以人为本、全面协调可持续的科学发展，明确提出了建设生态文明的重大战略任务，强调要坚持节约资源和保护环境的基本国策，坚持走可持续发展道路，在加快建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会和建设创新型国家的进程中不断为应对气候变化做出贡献。

今后，中国将进一步把应对气候变化纳入经济社会发展规划，并继续采取强有力的措施。一是加强节能、提高能效工作，争取到2020 年单位国内生产总值二氧化碳排放比2005 年有显著下降。二是大力发展可再生能源和核能。三是大力增加森林碳汇。四是大力发展绿色经济，积极发展低碳经济和循环经济，研发和推广气候友好技术。

答案部分：

Section 1: 英译汉

在意大利的莱科，每天早晨有450名左右的学生乘坐17条校车线路到位于科莫湖南端湖边城市的十所小学上学。这座城市没有任何校车。

儿童肥胖症增多，当地交通拥堵，特别是汽车尾气使得全球温室气体排放量不断攀升，面对这三大问题，当地一个环保组织于2003年提出了回归自然的大胆建议：让孩子们步行上学。

该环保组织制定了一个名为?piedibus?的步行上学计划：学生沿着校车线路步行上学，没有校车但有专职负责护送的?司机?。?piedibus?在意大利语中的意思就是?步行公交车?。每天早上，孩子们排成一队，在身穿荧光黄色背心的专职工作人员和家长志愿者们的带领下，沿着蜿蜒曲折的街道去上学。途中队伍不时停下来，沿途的学生陆续加入，队伍也随之壮大。整个情形与魔笛的故事十分相似。

卡多西小学学生人数不到200人，而现在超过一半的学生都选择步行上学，这些孩子之前都是车接车送。朱利奥﹒格雷皮现年九岁，一头浓密金发。他说，上学就三分之一英里的路程，此前他上学都是车接车送。他说，?步行上学能见到好朋友，而且感觉很有意义，因为这对环境有好处。?

每一条校车线路通常都不超过一英里，但是，莱科市的环境审核员达里奥﹒裴森迪（Pesenti）估计，通过实施步行上学计划，汽车出行总里程减少了10多万英里，从理论上讲相当于温室气体减排数千吨。

欧美专家称，上学需车接车送的小学生数量总体仍在上升，由此产生的温室气体排放占整个交通领域的很大比重。一项国家调查显示，去年校车总里程数占英国市民汽车出行总里程数的18%。

根据联邦政府国家家庭旅行调查部门的统计，在1969年，美国步行上学的小学生比例为40%，在数据统计的最后一年，也就是2001年，这一比例下降至13%。

针对这一趋势，莱科市在意大利率先启动了步行上学计划，欧洲其他国家和地区也纷纷启动了数百个类似计划，北美最近也步欧洲后尘，鼓励学生步行上学。

法国和英国的一些城市以及意大利的其他城市也实施了步行上学计划，只不过大多数城市启动比莱科要晚，规模也小。

Section 2: 汉译英

Global climate change has a profound impact on the existence and development of mankind, and is a major challenge facing all countries. Climate change is an issue arising in the course of human development. It is associated with both natural factors and human activities. It is an environmental issue, but also, and more importantly, a development issue, as it is closely connected with the development stage, way of life, size of population and resource endowment of different countries and their places in the international division of labor.

In the final analysis, we should and can only advance efforts to address climate change in the course of development and meet the challenge through common development. China has adopted and is implementing the National Climate Change Program, which includes mandatory national targets for reducing energy intensity and the discharge of major pollutants, and increasing forest coverage and the share of renewable energy for the period of 2005 through 2010.

China attaches great importance to and has actively promoted scientific development, that is, comprehensive, balanced and sustainable development which puts people's interests first. We have set the building of a conservation culture as a major strategic task. We will adhere to the basic state policy of conserving resources and protecting the environment and follow the path of sustainable development. We will make fresh contributions to tackling climate change as we accelerate transition to a resource-conserving and environment-friendly society and make China a country of innovation.

In the years ahead, China will further integrate actions on climate change into its economic and social development plan and take the following measures: First, we will intensify effort to conserve energy and improve energy efficiency. We will endeavor to cut carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP by a notable margin by 2020 from the 2005 level. Second, we will vigorously develop renewable energy and nuclear energy. Third, we will energetically increase forest carbon sink. Fourth, we will step up effort to develop green economy, low-carbon economy and circular economy, and enhance research, development and dissemination of climate-friendly technologies.

2009年11月英语CATTI三级《笔译实务》真题

试题部分：

Section 1: English-Chinese Translation (英译汉) (60 points)

Translate the following passage into Chinese. The time for this section is 120 minutes.

Plans are well under way for a year of celebrations to mark the upcoming bicentennial of one of Poland's favorite native sons-Frédéric, Chopin.

The prestigious International Chopin Competition for pianists will mark its 16th edition in October 2010. Held every five years, the competition draws scores of young musicians from all over the world. In addition, Warsaw's Chopin Museum, with the world's largest collection of Chopin documents and other artifacts, will undergo a total redesign, modernization and expansion.

A lavishly illustrated new guidebook called "Chopin's Poland" was already published this year. It leads visitors to dozens of sites in Warsaw and elsewhere around the country where the composer lived, ate, studied, performed, visited or even partied.

"Actually, Chopin doesn't need to be promoted, but we hope that Poland and Polish culture can be promoted through Chopin," said Monika Strugala, who is coordinating the Chopin 2010 program under the aegis of theFryderyk Chopin Institute, a body set up by the Sejm in 2001 to promote and protect Chopin's work and image.

"We want to confirm to all that he is a very, very important Polish symbol," she said. Indeed, it's not much of an exaggeration to say that Chopin's music flows through the Polish national consciousness like some sort of cultural lifeblood.

The son of a Polish mother and a French émigréfather, Chopin was born in a manor house at Zelazowa Wola, about 50 kilometers, or 30 miles, west of Warsaw, and moved to Warsaw as an infant.

The manor is something of a Chopin shrine-since the 1930 s it has been a museum and center for concerts. Like the Chopin Museum in Warsaw, it, too, is undergoing extensive renovation as part of bicentennial preparations.

Chopin spent his first 20 years in and around Warsaw. He was already a noted pianist as a boy and composed concertos and other important works as a teenager. He carried Polish soil with him when he left Warsaw on a concert tour in 1830, just a few weeks before the outbreak of the November Uprising, an abortive Polish revolt against Czarist Russia, which then ruled Warsaw and a broad swath of Polish territory.

Chopin remained in exile in France after the uprising was crushed. But so attached was he to his native land that after his death in Paris in 1849 his heart-on his own instructions-was brought back to Warsaw for interment. The rest of his body is buried in the Père Lachaise cemetery in Paris.

"For where your treasure is, there your heart will be also," reads the Biblical inscription on a plaque where his heart is kept today, preserved in an urn and concealed in a pillar of the Holy Cross Church in central Warsaw. Mozart's "Requiem" will be performed here as part of Bicentennial events.

Exile and patriotism, as well as extraordinary genius, have long made Chopin's appeal transcend all manner of social and political divides.

Polish folk motifs thread through some of his finest pieces, and patriotic fervor, as well as homesick longing, infuse some of his best-known works.

Section 2: Chinese-English Translation (汉译英) (40 points)

Translate the following passage into English. The time for this section is 60 minutes.

国际金融危机给中国带来了前所未有的困难和挑战。主要表现在：经济增长压力明显加大，进出口继续下滑，工业生产明显放缓，部分企业生产经营困难，就业难度加大。这场国际金融危机与中国发展方式转变、经济结构调整的关键时期不期而遇，新的挑战与既有矛盾相互交织，加大了我们解决问题的难度。

为应对国际金融危机冲击、保持经济平稳较快发展，中国及时调整宏观经济政策，果断实施积极的财政政策和适度宽松的货币政策，形成了进一步扩大内需、促进经济增长的一揽子计划。

中国政府大规模增加政府支出，实施总额４万亿元人民币的两年投资计划，实行结构性减税政策，多次降息和增加银行体系流动性，大范围实施产业调整振兴规划，大力推进科技创新和技术改造，大力加强节能减排和生态环境保护，继续调整国民收入分配格局，大力拓展国内市场特别是农村市场，大幅度提高社会保障水平。这些措施已取得初步成效。国内消费需求比较旺盛，投资需求稳步提高，社会大局保持稳定。

答案部分：

Section 1: 英译汉

为期一年的纪念活动正在按部就班地筹划着，以纪念弗雷德里克〃肖邦，这位深受波兰人民喜爱的儿子即将到来的二百周年诞辰。

为钢琴家们举办的负有盛名的肖邦国际钢琴比赛在 2010 年十月将迎来其第 16 届赛事。这项每五年举办一届的赛事吸引了众多来自全球的年轻音乐家。此外，华沙肖邦博物馆将进行全面的重新设计，将更现代化、规模更大。该博物馆收藏有世界最全的肖邦作品集及其他文物。

一份名为《肖邦的波兰》的配图丰富的手册今年已付梓刊行。它引导游客们游览这位伟大的作曲家生活、饮食、学习、演出、驻足甚至聚会过的地方，这些地点遍布华沙及波兰的其他地方。

莫妮卡〃斯特鲁盖拉说：?实际上，肖邦的盛名并不需要我们再去传扬，但我们希望通过传扬肖邦来提升波兰和波兰文化。?她在弗雷德里克〃肖邦研究所的支持下负责协调肖邦2010 项目。该研究所由波兰国会于2001 年设立，旨在传扬和维护肖邦的作品和形象。

她说道：?我们想告诉世人的是，他的确是波兰的重要象征。?诚然，说肖邦的音乐就像某种文化生命血液一样流入了波兰人的民族意识，这一点也不为过。

肖邦的母亲是波兰人，父亲则是法国移民，他出生于热拉佐瓦沃拉的庄园中，在华沙西约50公里（或30 英里），他在婴儿时就搬到了华沙。

这所庄园在某种意义上可以说是肖邦的圣地——自20 世纪30 年代起它就成了一家博物馆和举办音乐会的中心。像华沙的肖邦博物馆一样，作为肖邦诞辰二百周年纪念的筹备活动，它也要扩大翻新。

肖邦在华沙及其周边生活到20岁。还是小男孩的他就已成为著名的钢琴家，并在少年时期创作多部协奏曲及其他重要作品。1830 年在一次音乐会的行程中，他离开华沙时把波兰的土带在了身边，仅仅几周后，爆发了十一月起义。这次波兰反抗沙皇俄国的起义以失败告终，当时沙俄正统治着大片的波兰国土。

起义爆发后，肖邦继续滞留在法国。但他一直深爱着自己的国家，1949年客死巴黎之后，遵照他的遗愿，他的心脏被送回华沙安葬，他的身体则被埋葬在巴黎的拉雪兹神父公墓。

?珍爱所系，心亦随之。?肖邦心脏现在安息的地方，一块木牌上镌刻着《圣经》里的这句箴言。他的心脏安葬在华沙中央的圣十字教堂立柱下面，尘封在一个瓮里。作为其诞辰二百周年纪念的活动之一，这里将奏响莫扎特的《安魂曲》。

长期背井离乡但赤心爱国，并且天资迥异，使得肖邦对世人的吸引力超出了形形色色人等的差异，不论何种社会、何种政见。

他最卓越非凡的作品描绘着波兰的乡村图景，最广为流传的作品饱含着炽热的爱国情怀与永恒的乡愁眷恋。

Section 2: 汉译英

The international financial crisis has brought unprecedented difficulties and challenges to China. All these are mainly reflected in the following: the obviously increasing economic growth pressure, the persistent decline in import and export, the distinct slowing down of industrial production, some companies’ p roduction operation is faced up with difficulties, as well as the enlarged employment difficulties. The international financial crisis runs across the critical period of transformation of China's development pattern, economic structural adjustment，which has combined new challenges with existing contradictions, making us more difficult to solve problems.

In order to cope with the impact of the financial crisis and maintain fast and steady development of economic, China has adjusted the macroeconomic policies in time and implemented proactive fiscal policy and moderately easy monetary policies decidedly, which develop the package plan of further expanding domestic demand and promoting economic growth.

The Chinese government has increased the government spending in large-scale, implemented a two-year investment plan that is a total of 4 trillion yuan, has made interest rate cut repeatedly and increased the banking system liquidity and carried out the industrial adjustment as well as revitalization plan in large-scale, has carried forward science and technology innovation and technological transformation vigorously, has strengthened energy conservation and ecological environment protection significantly, has adjusted national income distribution pattern continuously, has expanded the domestic market especially rural markets at full blast and raised the level of social security substantially. All the measures

Translate the following passage into Chinese. The time for this section is 120 minutes.

Business of Green: An appeal to slow down on biofuel.

Last Friday an advisory panel to the European Environment Agency issued an extraordinary scientific opinion: The European Union should suspend its goal of having 10 percent of transportation fuel made from biofuel by 2020.

The European Union's biofuel targets were increased and extended from 5.75 percent by 2010 to 10 percent by 2020 just last year. Still, Europe's well-meaning rush to biofuels, the scientists concluded, had produced a slew of harmful ripple effects - from deforestation in Southeast Asia to higher prices for grains.

In a recommendation released last weekend, the 20-member panel, made up of some of Europe's most distinguished climate scientists, called the 10 percent target "overambitious" and an "experiment" whose "unintended effects are difficult to predict and difficult to control."

"The idea was that we felt we needed to slow down, to analyze the issue carefully and then come back at the problem," Laszlo Somlyody, the panel's chairman and a professor at the Budapest University of Technology and Economics, said in a telephone interview.

He said that part of the problem was that when it set the targets, the European Union was trying desperately to solve the problem of rising transportation emissions "in isolation," without adequately studying the effects of other sectors like land use and food supply.

"The starting point was correct: I'm happy that the European Union took the lead in cutting greenhouse gasses and we need to control traffic emissions," Somlyody said. "But the basic problem is it thought of transport alone, without considering all these other effects. And we don't understand those very well yet."

The panel's advice is not binding and it is not clear whether the European Commission will follow the recommendation.

It has become increasingly clear that the global pursuit of biofuels - encouraged by a rash of targets and subsides in both Europe and the United States - has not produced the desired effect.

Investigations have shown, for example, rain forests and peat swamp are being cleared to make way for biofuel plantations, a process that produces more emissions than the biofuels can save. Equally concerning, land needed to produce food for people to eat is planted with more profitable biofuel crops, and water is diverted from the drinking supply.

In Europe and the United States, food prices for items like pizza and bread have increased significantly as grain stores shrink and wheat prices rise.

The price of wheat and rice are double those of a year ago, and corn is a third higher, the UN Food and Agriculture Organization said this week.

"Food price inflation hits the poor hardest, as the share of food in their total expenditures is much higher than that of wealthier populations," said Henri Josserand of the Food and Agriculture Organization.

Biofuels are not, of course, the only reason for high food prices. Fuel to transport food is more expensive with oil more than $100 a barrel. There have been unexpected droughts this year as well.

Should we conclude that all biofuels are bad?

No. But motivated by the obvious problems now emerging, scientists have begun to take a harder look at their benefits

For example, the European Environment Agency advisory panel suggests that the best use of plant biomass is not for transport fuel but to heat homes and generate electricity.

To be useful for vehicles, plant matter must be distilled to a fuel and often transported long distances. To heat a home, it can often be used raw or with minimal processing, and moved just a short distance away.

Section 2: Chinese-English Translation (汉译英) (40 points)

Translate the following passage into English. The time for this section is 60 minutes.

作为一个国际商业中心，上海拥有繁忙的港口，亚洲最重要的证券交易所之一，以及世界500强都不能忽视的巨大市场。

上海已建成全国顶级的博物馆和歌剧院，还将举办2010年世界博览会，向人们展示其商业和文化中心的地位。在世博会153年的历史中，拥有1700万人口的上海将成为发展中国家的首个东道主。

预计在2010年5月至10月的世博会期间，参观人数将达到创纪录的7000万人次。世博会的主题为：城市，让生活更美好。上海希望通过举办世博会盈利的同事，能够吸引资金流向其服务业。从长远来看，世博会将有利于城市改造并全面提升上海的国际形象。

上海计划为世博会投资30亿美元。为确保世博会举办期间交通顺畅，还将投入更多资金用于改造道路和地铁。

根据世博会规划，所有会展建筑将建在黄浦江两岸，包括众多高科技展厅和一个会议中心。上海市政府决心通过举办世博会，不断改善城市生活。世博会结束后，大部分场址将被改造成生活、办公和休闲设施。

答案部分：

Section 1: 英译汉

上周五，欧洲环保署的顾问组提出了一个不同寻常科学观点：欧盟要推迟这样一个目标：到2020 年，欧盟要将让10%的交通运输来源于生物燃料。

欧盟在去年，将这一使用生物燃料的目标从2010 年的5.75%扩大到2020 年的10%。欧洲快速扩大生物能源的使用，本意是好的，但是，科学家们却认为，这样做已经产生了许多有害的连锁效应，比如乱伐东南亚的森林，及谷物价格上涨越来越快。

上周末，由二十名著名的欧洲气候专家所组成的小组提出建议，他们认为，10%的目标未免?过于自信?了，并且这种?试验所造成的后果将难以预知、难以控制?。

顾问小组组长布达佩斯技术与经济大学教授，拉兹洛.索姆利德在接收电话采访时说：?我们认为，要放缓达成这个目标的速度，仔细分析，然后再来谈这个问题。?他认为，其中一个问题是，欧盟设定这一目标时，正一心要解决汽车尾气排放量上升的问题，但是，这是孤立的行为，因为缺少研究对于其他诸如土地使用和食物供应的因素所造成的影响。

欧盟的出发点是好的，他们能带头削减温室气体，我很高兴，并且我们也需要解决汽车尾气排放的问题。?索姆利德说：?但是，根本问题是他们只考虑到了交通方面的问题，而没有全面考虑对其他方面的影响，并且，我们还未能很好的了解这些影响。?

专家组的建议没有任何约束力，并且，我们也不清楚欧盟是否会听取他们的意见。

有一点越来越清楚，全世界都在推广生物能源，这是由于受到一系列欧美的目标和支持的影响，但是，这样做并未受到预期的效果。

例如，有调查显示，人们砍伐雨林和侵占湿地来获取制造生物燃料的植物，这一过程所排放的污染物，比生物燃料能够控制的污染还多。

在欧洲和美国，粮食由于储量减少、小麦价格上涨，所以，象披萨、面包这样的食品价格也大幅上涨。

世界粮农组织本周公布：与去年相比，小麦、水稻价格上涨一倍，玉米上涨三分之一。

世界粮农组织的赫利.朱瑟兰德说：?粮食价格的浮动对贫穷人们打击巨大，贫困人口在食品上的消费占他们总消费的比重，要比富人的这一消费比重大的多。?例如，欧洲环保署专家组认为，最利于人们使用生物燃料的方法并不是将其用作交通运输燃料，而是用在家庭采暖中或者用于发电。

生物燃料如果用在汽车上，植物就必须将进行蒸馏才能得到燃料，并且远距离运输。生物燃料如果用在采暖上，通常只要有原料就可以使用了，或者通过简单的加工就可以得到燃料，而且也无需远距离运输。

Section 2: 汉译英

As an international commercial center, Shanghai boasts a bustling port, one of Asia’s most important stock exchanges and a big market that the world’s To p 500 companies cannot ignore.

Shanghai has built the country’s best museum and opera house. It will host the World Expo in 2010, showcasing its status as a business and cultural center. Shanghai, a city of 17 million people, will become the first host city in a developing country in the 153-year history of the World Expo.

During the World Expo from May to October 2010, Shanghai expects a record-breaking number of 70 million visitors. The theme of the World Expo is “Better City, Better Life”. While hoping to make a profit from the World Expo, Shanghai wishes to channel investment to its service sector. In the long run, the World Expo will be conducive to renovating the city and improving its international image.

Shanghai plans to spend US$3 billion on the World Expo. It will increase funding to improve roads and subways to ensure smooth transportation during the World Expo.

According to the plan, the World Expo venues will include high-tech pavilions and a convention center, and they will stretch along both banks of the Huangpu River. The Shanghai municipal government is determined to constantly improve its city life through the World Expo. Construction of many important infrastructure facilities will be completed by 2010. Following the World Expo, most of the sites will be converted into residential, office and recreational facilities.

2008年11月英语CATTI三级《笔译实务》真题

试题部分：

Section 1: English-Chinese Translation (英译汉) (60 points)

Translate the following passage into Chinese. The time for this section is 120 minutes.

LONGYEARBYEN, Norway —With plant species disappearing at an alarming rate, scientists and governments are creating a global network of plant banks to store seeds and sprouts, precious genetic resources that may be needed for man to adapt the world’s food supp ly to climate change.

This week, the flagship of that effort, the Global Seed Vault near here, received its first seeds, millions of them. Bored into the middle of a frozen Arctic mountain topped with snow, the vault’s goal is to store and protect samples of every type of seed from every seed collection in the world.

As of Thursday, thousands of neatly stacked and labeled gray boxes of seeds — peas from Nigeria, corn from Mexico — reside in this glazed cavelike structure, forming a sort of backup hard drive, in case natural disasters or human errors erase the seeds from the outside world.

Descending almost 500 feet under the permafrost, the entrance tunnel to the seed vault is designed to withstand bomb blasts and earthquakes. An automated digital monitoring system controls temperature and provides security akin to a missile silo or Fort Knox. No one person has all the codes for entrance.

The Global Vault is part of a broader effort to gather and systematize information about plants and their genes, which climate change experts say may indeed prove more valuable than gold. In Leuven, Belgium, scientists are scouring the world for banana samples and preserving their shoots in liquid nitrogen before they become extinct. A similar effort is under way in France on coffee plants. A number of plants, most from the tropics, do not produce seeds that can be stored.

For years, a hodgepodge network of seed banks has been amassing seed and shoot collections in a haphazard manner. Labs in Mexico banked corn species. Those in Nigeria banked cassava. Now these scattershot efforts are being urgently consolidated and systematized, in part because of better technology to preserve plant genes and in part because of the rising alarm about climate change and its impact on world food production.

“We started thinking about this post-9/11 and on the heels of Hur ricane Katrina,” said Cary Fowler, president of the Global Crop Diversity Trust, a nonprofit group that runs the vault. “Everyone was saying, why didn’t anyone prepare for a hur ricane before? We knew it was going to happen.

“Well, we are losing biodivers ity every day —it’s a kind of drip, drip, drip. It’s also inevitable. We need to do something about it.”

This week the urgency of the problem was underscored as wheat prices rose to record highs and wheat stores dropped to the lowest level in 35 years. A series of droughts and new diseases cut wheat production in many parts of the world. “The erosion of plants’ genetic resources is really going fast,” said Dr. Rony Swennen, head of the division of crop

biotechnology at the Catholic University of Leuven in Belgium, who has preserved half of the world’s 1,200 banana types. “We’re at a critical moment and if we don’t act fast, we’re going to lose a lot of plants that we may need.”

The United Nations International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources, ratified in 2004, created a formal global network for banking and sharing seeds, as well as for studying their genetic traits. Last year, its database received thousands of new seeds.

A system of plant banks could be crucial in responding to climate crises since it could identify genetic material and plant strains better able to cope with a changed environment.

Here at the Global Vault, hundreds of gray boxes containing seeds from places ranging from Syria to Mexico were moved this week into a freezing vault to be placed in suspended animation. They harbor a vast range of qualities, like the ability to withstand drier, warmer climate.

Section 2: Chinese-English Translation (汉译英) (40 points)

Translate the following passage into English. The time for this section is 60 minutes.

在上海的现代化轻轨列车上，上班族有的在打手机，有的在用笔记本电脑，有的在观赏车内顺平显示器上播放的电影。全国各地，半导体工厂在昔日的农田拔地而起，而在日益扩展的城市中，众多大学校园和新公司林立的高科技园区正再现美国硅谷的模式。

中国拥有大量的技术人才。依靠这些人才，中国的高科技设计和开发能力正日益提高。

中国承担了大批全球制造业务，生产电视机、电脑、移动电话和其他电子产品。同时，中国正计划制造电脑芯片和网络交换机等更复杂、更精密的高科技产品。

中国政府正致力于扶持信息技术产业，使之成为一大经济支柱，重点发展半导体和软件工业，并对新公司采取提供价廉土地和税收优惠等激励措施。

对外国投资者来说，中国的美丽在于其规模庞大、扩展迅速的国内市场。另一个优势则是低工资，中国工程师的薪水仅是西方同行的十分之一。

答案部分：

Section 1: 英译汉

挪威朗伊尔城——随着植物物种正在以骇人听闻的速度灭绝，科学家和各国政府正在创建全球网络性的植物库来储存种子和苗芽。人类可以利用这些珍贵的种芽资源确保充足的食物供应，以应对气候变化。

本周，作为这种不懈努力的旗舰机构，?全球种子地库?接收了首批数百万种的种子。该地库建于北极的一座白雪皑皑的大山之中，其目标是储存和保护世界各地收藏的各类种子样本。

截至周四，成千上万个堆放整齐且贴有标签的灰色种盒在上釉的洞穴式结构中安家落户，如尼日利亚的豌豆、墨西哥的玉米。这些盒子就如已经备份了的电脑硬盘，以防世界上的植物物种会因自然灾害和人为破坏而消失。

通往种子地库的入口隧道，位于永冻带下约500英尺处，其设计旨在防御爆炸和地震。自动化数字监控系统用于控制温度并提供类似导弹发射井或福特诺克斯军事基地的安全保障。任何人都不单独拥有进入种子库的全部密码。

目前，世界上很多人士致力于收集种子及其种子基因的信息并使之系统化，全球种子地库是这种全球性努力的的一个缩影。气候变化专家称，这些信息要比金子还要贵重。在比利时的鲁汶，科学家正在搜集世界上的香蕉样本并将香蕉芽保存在液体氮中，以防其灭绝。法国也正在进行类似的努力，保护咖啡物种。很多植物，大多数是来自热带地区的植物，无法通过种子繁殖，不能产生可供储存的种子。

多年来，很多庞杂的种子库网络一直以随意的方式收集种子和苗芽。例如，墨西哥的实验室收藏玉米种，尼日利亚的实验室收藏木薯种。现在，正对这些分散的努力进行亟需的整合和系统化操作。之所以可以这样做，部分原因是储存植物基因技术的更新，部分原因是气候变化的警钟继续长鸣及其对世界粮食产量的影响。

卡里〃福勒是一家负责管理种子库的非营利性组织全球作物多样性托管会的总裁，他说：?我们是在‘9〃11’事件之后、尤其是卡特里娜飓风之后，开始有这个构想的。?他还说：?每个人都在问：为什么事先不作好迎接飓风的准备呢？我们明明知道会发生飓风的。?

他指出：?喏，我们每天都在损失生物多样性——一点一滴地在损失。这种损失没有止步的迹象，我们必须为此做点什么。?

本周，由于小麦价格上升到最高纪录水平和小麦储存量下滑到35年来最低水平，更加突出了这个问题的紧迫性。由于一连串的干旱及新的疾病，世界很多地方的小麦产量下降。罗尼〃斯文奈恩博士现任比利时鲁汶天主教大学作物生物技术部主任，他保存了世界上1200种香蕉种的一半以上。斯文奈恩博士说：?植物基因资源正在受到快速侵蚀。?他还指出：?我们正处于关键时刻，如果不迅速采取行动，我们将失去很多我们需要的植物物种。?

已于2004年获得批准的联合国国际植物基因资源条约创建了一个正式的全球网络，旨在对种子进行储存和共享并对其遗传特征进行研究。去年，有成千上万的新种子在其数据库安家落户。

由于植物库系统能够识别出那些对环境变化适应能力较强的基因物质和植物种类，因而这种系统能在应对气候危机中发挥至关重要的作用。

本周，数以百计的装有种子的灰色盒子从叙利亚、墨西哥等地运至全球种子地库，藏于这个冷冻库之中。储存在这里的种子具有很多特性，如能够抵御较为干燥和较为温暖的气候。

Section 2: 汉译英

Commuters sitting on Shanghai’s modern light-rail trains talk on mobile phones tap away on laptops or watch films on the train’s flat-screen monitors. Around the country new semiconductor factories are shooting up on former farmland while universities and high-tech zones packed with start-up companies are reproducing the Silicon Valley model in its sprawling cities.

China has plenty of technical brainpower. This talent is enhancing its high-tech design and development capabilities.

It has taken over a large amount of global manufacturing turning out television sets computers mobile phones and other electronic products. At the same time it plans to

produce more sophisticated high-tech products such as computer chips and network switches.

The Chinese government is on a mission to make information technology a pillar of the economy targeting semiconductor and software industries and introducing incentives like cheap land and tax breaks for new companies.

China’s appeal for foreign investors comes from its h uge and rapidly-expanding domestic market. Another advantage is low wages. Salaries of Chinese engineers can be as low as one-tenth of those in Western countries.

2008年5月英语CATTI三级《笔译实务》真题

试题部分：

Section 1: English-Chinese Translation (英译汉) (60 points)

Translate the following passage into Chinese. The time for this section is 120 minutes.

Europe Pushes to Get Fuel From Fields

ARDEA, Italy — The previous growing season, this lush coastal field near Rome was filled with rows of delicate durum wheat, used to make high-quality pasta. Today it overflows with rapeseed, a tall, gnarled weedlike plant bursting with coarse yellow flowers that has become a new manna for European farmers: rapeseed can be turned into biofuel.

Motivated by generous subsidies to develop alternative energy sources — and a measure of concern about the future of the planet —Europe’s farmers are beginning to grow crops that can be turned into fuels meant to produce fewer emissions than gas or oil. They are chasing their counterparts in the Americas who have been raising crops for biofuel for more than five years.

“This is a much-needed boost to our economy, our farms,” said Marcello Pini, 50, a farmer, standing in front of the rapeseed he planted for the first time. “Of course, we hope it he lps the environment, too.”

In March, the European Commission, disappointed by the slow growth of the biofuels industry, approved a directive that included a “binding target” requiring member countries to use 10 percent biofuel for transport by 2020 — the most ambitious and specific goal in the world.

Most European countries are far from achieving the target, and are introducing incentives and subsidies to bolster production.

As a result, bioenergy crops have replaced food as the most profitable crop in several European countries. In this part of Italy, for example, the government guarantees the purchase of biofuel crops at 22 Euros for 100 kilograms, or $13.42 for 100 pounds — nearly twice the 11 to 12 Euros for 100 kilograms of wheat on the open market in 2006. Better still, farmers can plant biofuel crops on “set aside” fields, land that Europe’s agriculture policy would otherwise require be left fallow.

But an expert panel convened by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization pointed out that the biofuels boom produces benefits as well as trade-offs and risks — including higher and wildly fluctuating food prices. In some markets, grain prices have nearly doubled.

“At a time when agricultural prices are low, in comes biofuel and improves the l ot of farmers and injects life into rural areas,” said Gustavo Best, an expert at the Food and Agriculture Organization in Rome. “But as the scale grows and the demand for biofuel crops seems to be infinite, we’re seeing some negative effects and we need to hold up a yellow light.”

Josette Sheeran, the new head of the United Nations World Food program, which fed nearly 90 million people in 2006, said that biofuels created new problems. “An increase in grain prices impacts us because we are a major procurer of grain for food,” she said. “So biofuels are both a challenge and an opportunity.”

In Europe, the rapid conversion of fields that once grew wheat or barley to biofuel crops like rapeseed is already leading to shortages of the ingredients for making pasta and brewing beer, suppliers say. That could translate into higher prices in supermarkets.

“New and increasing demand for bioenergy production has put high pressure on the whole world grain market,” said Claudia Conti, a spokesman for Barilla, one of th e largest Italian pasta makers.

“Not only German beer producers, but Mexican tortilla makers have see the cost of their main raw material growing quickly to historical highs.”

Some experts are more worried about the potential impact to low-income consumers. In the developing world, the shift to more lucrative biofuel crops destined for richer countries could create serious hunger and damage the environment if wild land is converted to biofuel cultivation, the agriculture panel concluded.

But officials at the European Commission say they are pursuing a measured course that will prevent some of the price and supply problems seen in American markets.

In a recent speech, Mariann Fischer Boel, the European agriculture and rural development commissioner, said t hat the 10 percent target was “not a shot in the dark,” but was carefully chosen to encourage a level of growth for the biofuel industry that would not produce undue hardship for Europe’s poor.

She calculated that this approach would push up would raw material prices for cereal by 3 percent to 6 percent by 2020, while prices for oilseed might rise 5 percent to 18 percent. But food prices on the shelves would barely change, she said.

Yet even as the European program begins to harvest biofuels in greater volume, homegrown production is still far short of what is needed to reach the 10 percent goal: Europe’s farmers produced an estimated 2.9 billion liters, or 768 million gallons, of biofuel in 2004, far shy of the 3.4 billion gallons generated in the United States in the period. In 2005, biofuel accounted for around 1 percent of Europe’s fuel, according to European statistics, with almost all of that in Germany and Sweden. The biofuel share in Italy was 0.51 percent, and in Britain, 0.18 percent.

That could pose a threat to European markets as foreign producers like Brazil or developing countries like Indonesia and Malaysia try to ship their biofuels to markets where demand, subsidies and tax breaks are the greatest.

Ms. Fischer Boel recently acknowledged that Europe would have to import at least a third of what it would need to reach its 10 percent biofuels target. Politicians fear that could hamper development of a local industry, while perversely generating tons of new emissions as “green” fuel is shipped thousands of kilometers across the Atlantic, instead of coming from the farm next door.

Such imports could make biofuel far less green in other ways as well — for example if Southeast Asian rainforest is destroyed for cropland.

Brazil, a country with a perfect climate for sugar cane and vast amounts of land, started with subsidies years ago to encourage the farming of sugarcane for biofuels, partly to take up “excess capacity” in its flagging agricultural sector.

The auto industry jumped in, too. In 2003, Brazilian automakers started producing flex-fuel cars that could run on biofuels, including locally produced ethanol. Today, 70 percent of new cars in the country are flex-fuel models, and Brazil is one of the largest growers of cane for ethanol.

Analysts are unsure if the Brazilian achievement can be replicated in Europe —or anywhere else. Sugar takes far less energy to convert to biofuel than almost any product.

Yet after a series of alarming reports on climate change, the political urgency to move faster is clearly growing.

With an armload of incentives, the Italian government hopes that 70,000 hectares, or 173,000 acres, of land will be planted with biofuel crops in 2007, and 240,000 hectares in 2010, up from zero in 2006.

Mr. Pini, the farmer, has converted about 25 percent of his land, or 18 hectares, including his “set aside” land, to Europe’s fastest-growing biofuel crop, rapeseed. He still has 50 hectares in grain and 7 in olives.

He has discovered other advantages as well. In Italy’s finicky f ood culture, food crops have to look good and be high quality to sell— a drought or undue heat can mean an off year. Crops for fuel, in contrast, can be ugly or stunted.

“You need fewer seeds and it’s much easier to grow,” he said.

Section 2: Chinese-English Translation (汉译英) (40 points)

Translate the following passage into English. The time for this section is 60 minutes.

中国历来重视人才工作，并实施”人才强国“战略，大力开发人力市场资源，为人才发挥作用创造必要的条件和环境中国目前实行的是工程技术人员职称聘任制度，经过多年的实践，中国已经形成了一套比较完整的工程技术人员制度，并探索实行工程技术人员职称聘任制度制度。

工程技术人员职务聘任制度形成于计划经济时期，随着社会主义市场经济的建立和经济社会的发展需要进一步完善和改革，人事部、建设部、教育部、中国工程院、中国科协等部门专门成立了领导小组，组织关于技术人才的研究，提出工程技术人才改革框架，建立以业绩和能力为导向的、科学的、人才绩效评价制度，并积极促进工程师国际互认和资格准入制度。

答案部分：

Section 1: 英译汉

欧洲竞相从农田获取燃料

阿尔代亚，意大利——上个生长季节，罗马近郊植物葱茏的靠海农田，遍布成排的纤细的硬质小麦，过去用于制作高品质意粉。今天，这里却长满了油菜花，一种高