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Chapter 14 Research Analysis and Critique Sample Research

Chapter 14 Research Analysis and Critique Sample Research
Chapter 14 Research Analysis and Critique Sample Research

Chapter 14: Research Analysis and Critique

Sample Research Critique #1

Contents

The Assignment

Research Analysis

Research Critique

Sample Research Analysis & Critique

Citation

Descriptions

Research Description

Research Design

Results and Conclusions

Research Critique

The Assignment:

The purpose of this optional assignment is to help you synthesize course concepts and apply them to research in your particular field of interest (that is, your specific program, be it Rehabilitation Counseling, Gifted and Talented, Secondary Ed, Special Ed, Adult Ed, Early Childhood, Rehabilitation of the Blind, Instructional Resources, Elementary Ed, or some other program). (If you are without a program, simply focus on any field or topic that would benefit you.) I’m certain you are in a position now to connect what you’ve learned in this course to published research in your area of interest. This can be accomplished by answering some questions and then writing a short review or critique of published research.

Research Selection

Your task is to locate a published research report that we haven’t worked with in this course. You can locate it anywhere, on the Web or in the printed journals in a library. It must be empirical, that is, contain data used to answer a research question or test a

research hypothesis. The inclusion of data and its analysis (quantitative or qualitative) is a requirement, so that excludes mere reviews of research or opinions from consideration. Don’t worry about working with an article that won’t count. If it includes data, it’ll count.

I hope that you find a data-based research report that might help you in your other classes. Many of you know the leading journals in your field better than I do. The “best” journals are probably print-only (at least for now), so you may want to make that trek to the library. But again, you don’t have to—any research report in a journal off the Web is fine. (Recall from a previous assignment that there are good sites which direct you to full-text online research reports available on the Web.)

This assignment involves careful reading of Chapter 14.

Research Analysis

1. State the complete reference for the research (including the author, title, journal, pages, and URL, if applicable).

2. Write a paragraph describing the researchers’ constructs (if any), their operational definitions, their different types of variables (as relevant, including independent, dependent, attribute, and key extraneous ones), and the research hypothesis (or research question).

3. Write a paragraph describing the type of research, the sample, and the instrumentation (measures).

4. Write a paragraph describing how the researchers addressed the issue of bias and control, the type of research design they used, and (very briefly) how they analyzed their data (the type of statistical tests, qualitative approaches, etc.).

5. Write a brief paragraph describing the researchers’ results and conclusions.

Research Critique

Now that you’ve fully dissected (analyzed) this research report and understan d it well, you are in a good position to write a brief critique or critical review, focusing on its purpose, your overall reaction, salient methodological issues, noteworthy weaknesses and strengths, and an overall recommendation (like whether anyone should pay attention to it or whether it should have even been published). Think of this task in the same way you would a book review (except it’s a research review): You tell the reader what the research is all about and then you make some judgments based on reasonable criteria. Book reviews help people decide whether they want to read the book. Similarly, research reviews help people decide whether they should attend to the research and possibly change their thinking or practice as a result. It seems like this critique or review could be done in about 3 to 5 pages.

Let me also add that reviews are not easy. You are not expected to spend 50 hours, but you know for sure how plodding it is to read research. And you know how slow technical writing is. This assignment will clearly take more than an hour, but not 30 hours, I’m sure, depending on how comfortable you are with all the terms and being able to “think

like a researcher.” Because you can choose a research report in your field of interest, it should be a bit easier to analyze and critique than the articles referenced in the text or, for sure, Russell and Haney. That’s because you’ll have greater familiarity with the jargon and related literature since you’ve been exposed to it in your program classes.

Sample Research Analysis & Critique #1 (used with permission):

Research Analysis and Critique of Dona Bailey, a graduate student at the University of Arkansas at Little Rock

1. Citation

Beccue, B., Vila, J., & Whitley, L. (2001). The effects of adding audio instructions to a multimedia computer based training environment. Journal of Educational Multimedia and Hypermedia, 10(1), 47-67.

This is available online at https://www.sodocs.net/doc/545996466.html,/dl/files/JEMH/JEMH112177.pdf

2. Descriptions

Constructs

Constructs are factors that cannot be observed directly. To be useful in answering experimental research questions and testing hypotheses, constructs must be defined operationally, or measured and described as a quantifiable value.

In this study, the most important construct is learning. “How much” learning occurs as a result of the treatment is the foremost research question used in the study. The other two

constructs considered are the students’ perceptions of the instructional material and the students’ attitudes toward the lab session.

Operational Definitions

Operational definitions are measurements used to define constructs. Constructs must be measured quantitatively in order to be useful in hypothesis testing.

In this study, the most important construct, learning, is defined as a measurement or test score indicating performance achievement in the treatment group and the control group. In this case, learning is measured by a student’s test score. A student’s test score is used to indicate the amount of material retained or the amount learned.

The other two constructs of interest in this study, student perceptions and attitudes, were operationally defined by collecting qualitative feedback from the treatment group about how students regarded the instructional material if it had audio added and the students’ attitudes toward the lab session if audio was added. This qualitative feedback was collected in the form of comments from students in the treatment group. Collecting qualitative information resulted in an inability to statistically test this part of the information. This inability is discussed further in section 6 – Research Critique.

Independent Variable

An independent variable is a factor that is applied in the treatment group and controlled for in the control group so its effect can be measured using the dependent variable. This

study’s independent variable is the addition of audio instructions to an existing multimedia computer lab exercise. The treatment group received the addition of audio instructions, and the control group’s lab exercise had no audio.

Dependent Variable

The dependent variable is the study variable that may be influenced or changed because of the independent variable. This study’s dependent variable is the measure of students’ performance achievement, or the test score students receive on the posttest. More specifically, the study’s authors look at the amount of change in pretest and posttest scores.

Attribute Variables

Attribute variables are subject characteristics. The attribute variables considered in this study are gender and age. The study’s authors are concerned if the addition of audio instructions significantly changes students’ performance based on the demographics of gender and age.

Extraneous Variables

Extraneous variables are controlled influences. I do not recognize that there are any extraneous variables in this study.

Research Hypothesis

The researchers stated, “Based on the review of literature it was hypothesized that the additional audio component would be beneficial to the student’s lab learning experience” (p. 50). Because of the operational definition of the construct learning, this means that it was hypothesized that the addition of audio instructions would raise students’ test scores in the treatment group.

Here are the four null hypotheses that are detailed in the text of the study (pp. 61 and 62):

Ho 1. There is no significant difference in the performance of students who received audio instructions in addition to the lab manual instructions and students who did not.

Ho 2. There is no significant difference in the attitudes and perceptions of students who received audio instructions in addition to the lab manual instructions and students who did not.

Ho 3. There is no significant difference in the performance between males and f emales who received audio instructions in addition to the lab manual instructions and students who did not.

Ho 4. There is no significant difference in the performance among students of differing ages who received audio instructions in addition to the lab manual instructions.

Research Questions

The study’s authors stated, “The major purpose of this study was to determine if the addition of an audio component had an effect on the learning and attitudes of the students” (p. 50).

The study’s authors wrote, “The principal question investigated was: Does the addition of audio instructions increase the amount of material retained in a multimedia lab?” (p. 56).

The authors continued, “Does the addition of audio instructions change the students’ perceptions of the lab material? Does the addition of audio instructions change the students’ attitudes toward the lab material? Does the addition of audio instructions change the students’ performance based on demographics?” (p. 56).

3. Research Description

Type of Research

This study is quantitative research, meaning it is based on, and analyzed using, numbers and measurements. The study is also practical research, in that it is a blend of theoretical and problem-based research. It has a theoretical component because it is ultimately aimed toward defining the best methods for creating multimedia CBT materials, and it also attempts to improve a course where students were not performing well (p. 49).

It seems to me that this study is teacher research (meaning it is an activity intended to improve teaching practice in the specific applied computer science course) hoping to be

traditional research that will improve methods and understanding of creating and developing multimedia CBT materials in higher education.

Sample

The subjects for this study were 86 students enrolled in an applied computer science course at a midwestern university (the name was not specified, but the researchers teach at Illinois State University, in Normal, IL). The full population for the study was the entire enrollment in the applied computer science course. The course had five lecture sections consisting of approximately 40 students each. Each lecture section was divided into two labs, each of which met at different times during the week. Because of the way in which courses were already organized, the researchers used the intact groups (the lecture sections divided into two labs) and randomly assigned (the researchers label the procedure as “randomly dividing,” p. 56) the two lab sections within each lecture section to treatment or control groups. This procedure resulted in five control groups and five treatment groups of approximately 20 students each.

All students were required to participate in the lab for the course, but students were not required to participate in the study, and many students elected not to participate. All in all, this method of obtaining a sample is sometimes called a “convenience” sample instead of a random sample. This is discussed further in section 6 – Research Critique.

There are two pages of tables of group demographics presented in the study (pp. 57 and 58). The treatment group sample size was 37, and the control group sample size was 49.

Both groups were primarily male, but in the same proportion (the treatment group h ad 27 males to 10 females, and the control group had 37 males to 12 females).

Instrumentation

Data for this study was collected only during week seven of an applied computer science course. In this study, three types of data were collected:

Test data in the form of students’ scores on pretests and posttests. Pretests were given to all students in the lecture session of the class during week six, which was the week prior to treatment. Posttests were given in the lecture session during the week following the lab activity. This was the typical test schedule for the course. The authors did not include a description or analysis of the pretest or posttest reliability or validity.

Qualitative data were collected from subjects in the treatment group. This was presented via questions on computerized screens at the end of the lab session. These questions were concerning the students’ perceptions and attitudes about the lab’s audio component.

Another type of data was an electronic log file that tracked when a student played each audio clip and if the student repeated the clip. The authors thoroughly described the audio component intervention that was the study’s independent variable. Audio instructions consisting of 60-second clips were presented to only students in the treatment group. The audio instructions matched the information presented in the lab manual except

that the wording was made “conversational” so it would sound natural when spoken. A professional radio performer was chosen to record the audio clips. Students were required to listen to all the audio clips and to listen in a specified order. After the clip had been played once, it could be played an unlimited number of additional times. This information was kept in a log file for each student.

4. Research Design

Bias and Control

There seem to be a number of bias issues in this study. The largest and most critical bias is the problem of non-randomness. The process of selecting subjects for a sample is not random, as discussed under Sample in section 3 – Research Description. Also, the process of forming treatment and control groups is not random (as discussed under Sample in section 3 – Research Description).

In a section titled “Limitations of the Study,” the researchers acknowledge three problems (p. 61):

The design was unbalanced (the treatment group had 37 subjects, and the control group had 49) because intact groups were used from the course.

Using intact groups resulted in the authors’ inability to properly randomize the sample selection and group formation.

Students were able to interact during the week when the research was done, meaning students in the treatment and control groups may have discussed their participation in, perceptions of, and attitudes about the study between the pretest and the posttest.

I agree that these are bias problems in the study, and I believe there are others the researchers do not discuss. One bias that seems to further invalidate the sample selection is the large number of students who elected not to parti cipate in the study. Of the potential 200 students who were eligible for inclusion in the study (five lecture sections of 40 students each), only 86 elected to participate. Who were the students who agreed to participate? What was their motivation? Who were the students who did not participate? Were they likely the best students? Maybe the worst students? Also, it’s not clear when the students elected not to participate. Did they initially agree and then decline for some reason? There’s no way to know the answer to any of these questions from the information reported in the study, but allowing opting out is a far from random method of selecting a sample.

The researchers report the treatment group subjects wore headphones during the study’s lab session, but wrote nothing about wearing headphones being a biasing factor. However, wearing headphones seems to me to be a problem in the study. In college, students may have concerns about how their hair looks and, depending on the style of the headphones, may not want to wear headphones. When the treatment group students put

on headphones in the lab, they were different from students in the control group and students who were not participating in the study, so the authors and any other study observers were not blind. Moreover, the subjects themselves could not forget for the amount of time of the intervention that they were subjects in a study. The treatment group subjects may have been experienced the Hawthorne effect, in which subjects behave differently because they know they are being studied. The Hawthorne effect is normally neutralized by including a control or placebo group. In this case, however, there was a control group, but no headphones were used by anyone else.

The last kind of bias that seems to be a problem is actually part of the way the researchers chose to try to bring control to the study. The researchers wrote that part of the demographic information collected about students was self-reported high school GPA and percentile ranking at time of high school graduation (p. 56). (I also noticed when this information is presented in tabular format on p. 58, it is not labeled as self-reported. This seems to me to be an error in the way in which the report is written.) The researchers wrote that this self-reported high school information was used as a “covariant measure” in the statistical analysis to remove biases due to the nonrandom selection of the lab groups. Self-reported information is a very poor basis to use for trying to remedy and control subject selection.

This list of biases poses numerous threats to internal validity in this study.

Research Design

This study is definitely an experimental design because it is based on an intervention. However, instead of using a truly experimental method, meaning properly applying an independent variable with proper random assignment to groups, this study uses a quasi-experimental method where there is a manipulated intervention but no true random assignment. The design loses a great deal of power because of its nonrandom sample. This problem alone means the study has little external validity, or applicability to a larger population.

Data Analysis

The research design used an ANCOVA (Analysis of Covariance) test to compare the pretest scores with posttest scores for the treatment and control groups. The text of the study indicates that “dependent measures” included pretest and posttest scores, while the “covariant measure” was “student reported high school grade point average (GPA)” (p.

61). Tabular data shows th e means and standard deviations for each group for pretest and posttest scores, along with the amount and percentage change between the two (p. 63).

5. Results and Conclusions

The results of the ANCOVA test revealed no significant difference in posttest scores for treatment group students, so the first null hypothesis, no performance differences for students in each group, was not rejected. Both groups increased their scores from pretest to posttest, and the treatment group students had a greater increase in scores than the control group, but the increase was not significantly different.

The second null hypothesis, no difference in the attitudes and perceptions of students in each group, could not be quantitatively analyzed because only qualitative data w as collected from students in the treatment group.

Results showed no significant difference in performance for males and females, so null hypothesis three was not rejected. Null hypothesis four was not rejected since results showed no significant difference based on age categories.

The researchers concluded that adding an audio multimedia component results in no significant difference in learning. The researchers also used qualitative data about perceptions and attitudes along with observations made at the time of data collection to draw additional conclusions and make recommendations. The researchers concluded (p.

64), “Based on observation of the subjects, the researchers theorized that the pace set by audio might be helpful for slower learners and detrimental to fast learners who want control of their learning environment.”

The researchers also made recommendations for future research (p. 64). Some of their recommendations are to collect data from a larger, more randomly selected population in differing subject areas, using varying subjects of differing technical levels.

6. Research Critique

I spent a long time looking for a study with hypotheses concerning multimedia components of instructional materials. When I found this study and when I initially considered it, I thought it looked impressive and valid. When I had thoroughly digested its sections, however, I think overall the study is a bit of a mess.

The abstract is written in a way that seems much cleaner than the full study. The literature review is very interesting to me and seems very professional. However, there is a section at the beginning of the study that, after I had completed reading the study and understood it all, I think is where things began to go wrong. The authors wrote that a course that had previously been a lecture course had been revamped into a lecture plus lab course. After two semesters of the new course structure, students were not performing as well as expected (p. 49). The authors wrote in this section that the major pu rpose of the study was to determine if adding an audio component would improve student performance in this particular course situation (p. 50). In another section, the study’s purpose is stated to be an investigation of whether the addition of an audio component in multimedia CBT results in students achieving higher test scores (p. 55). This seems to be a question about a generalized situation. These two scenarios are very different. Trying to improve a specific class situation where there are already specific students having difficulties is very different from a “clean,” generalized situation with new material and fresh students. True experimental research must be conducted in a fresh, unbiased situation, not brought in as a remedy for a situation that has already gone wrong.

Overall, I think this is a study that wants to be theoretical research, but needs to be goal oriented in order to try to improve the specific course situation. Because of these restrictions, the specific student population was already in place before the study was created. No wonder the researchers used “intact groups” from the specific class.

It’s unfortunate that there are so many problems with this study. The basic research questions are very good, and not enough research has been done studying the effects of multimedia instructional materials in higher education.

To the researchers’ credit, the treatment seems well designed, and since I know that creating multimedia instructional materials is very time consuming, I feel certain the researchers spent a lot of time and deliberation on the audio component used for treatment.

This study should be reworked, improved, and conducted again. The aspects that should be improved are:

Obviously a truly random sample needs to be used.

The biases discussed in previous sections need to be controlled. Using a random sample would improve many of these issues.

A quantitative survey instrument should be developed and used to collect attitudinal and perceptual data instead of collecting qua litative information.

The survey should be used to collect data from both groups of students, instead of only the treatment group, so that attitudes and perceptions about the instructional materials and methods can be compared for the two groups.

A longer amount of time and exposure to the treatment needs to be used. Data for a complex research question cannot be gathered in one week’s meeting of a college class. Exposure to a complex treatment cannot be completed in one lab session. Using at least one semester of data seems more appropriate.

The rules for playing the audio clips should be redesigned. Why are students forced to play all the clips and to play them in a certain order? Allowing students to set their own rules about utilizing the audio component and then analyzing the data recorded in the log file seems like a much richer source of information.

Finally, this area of research is uniquely tied with what is known about learning styles. I expect that there is not one answer to the question of whether the addition of an audio component in multimedia CBT results in students achieving higher test scores. Based on the amount of information understood about the variety of learning styles, I don’t think that is a surprising or extraordinary predictio n. For this study to be done in the very best way so that findings and conclusions could be truly useful, it should include studying the

ways in which individual learners utilize audio instruction components. To carefully include that aspect would necessitate another careful reworking of the research design, but it seems that would be possible using care and deliberation.

爱惜粮食从我做起教学反思

爱惜粮食从我做起教学 反思 文档编制序号:[KKIDT-LLE0828-LLETD298-POI08]

《爱惜粮食从我做起》主题教育课反思 爱惜粮食是中华民族的传统美德。可如今生活水平提高了,学生将粮食视为取之不尽的,很难体会到粮食的来之不易,因此浪费粮食的现象无处不在。 在设计这节课时,我结合“光盘行动”和学生身边浪费粮食现象,做到遵循“回归生活,关注孩子的现实生活”的教学理念。在教学中通过认知、活动、辨理、讨论、等教学方法去感受、体会、领悟粮食来的真不容易,去爱惜粮食。本节课通过激趣导入、明理辨析、联系生活实际,指导行为、实践延伸这五个步骤分层逐步地实现教育目的。课后,我也认真地反思了自己在这节课的教学得失。首先,在这次的研讨课收获甚多。 一、课前准备充分,教学思路清晰 为了让学生了解粮食浪费现象,让粮食来之不易的观念直入学生心中,首先,我大量收集资料,聚焦浪费现象,来引发学生思考。其次,了解粮食是怎样诞生的,观看农民伯伯种水稻的过程,让学生感受粮食的来之不易。同时,让学生体验插秧苗,让孩子在模拟的劳动情境中体会劳动的辛苦,懂得粒粒皆辛苦的道理。再是,用真实的数据,震撼学生心灵;用触目惊心的画面,引发学生内心共鸣要爱惜粮食。最后是明理辨析、联系生活实际,指导行为、实践延伸。 二、紧跟时代,联系实际 从学生的生活实际出发,通过自身的浪费引发学生思考,让学生正视身边的浪费现象,进一步感受身边浪费粮食现象的普遍性和严重性。教育学生生活中做到珍惜粮食,不浪费粮食。 当然,在这节课里,还存在着许多不成熟的做法:

1.让学生体会中庄稼的辛苦时,让学生说出粮食生产的过程,只是思考过程并看图片,没有条件亲身体会,学生体会不了农民耕种的辛苦,这是一次失败的体验教学。 2.一些课件设计不够好。如:非洲饥饿儿童图片,震撼力不够,如果能配上音乐、讲述,效果可能会更好。但由于个人的信息技术尚还欠缺,很多添加音乐、配上语言的课件不会制作。再如:辨理的选材也是不够说服力。 通过这次主题班会尝试,我明白了品德与生活的教学就是要为孩子架起通向生活的桥梁,把学生与真实的社会生活紧密地联系起来,有意识的把学生带回到真实的生活中去,去观察、感受、体验、分析、反思他们的生活,并以其引导和提升自己的真实生活的重要性。

冲突+行动+结局=故事

转自龙空。感谢墨文诚的分享—— 这篇帖子的主要目的是让更多刚刚写作的新手了解小说的基本结构,并且知道如何去用写作技巧完善自己的小说,同时也是对我自己学习写作技巧的一种总结和深化。(感谢小说写作教程:虚构文学速成全攻略这本书) 当然,在写作这条举步维艰的路上,我同样只是刚刚起步,所以如果你有什么想法或者建议请加,让我们共同进步!本群欢迎您的加入! 在探讨写作技巧之前,我有一个问题想问你们,你们知道什么是小说的基本结构? 我猜你现在一定很不屑一顾的告诉我,这个问题太简单了!开始!中间!结尾! 的确,这个问题实在是太简单,太基础了,甚至看上去我问的问题真的很愚蠢!但是为什么同样是这三个基本元素构成的小说,有的会大卖而有的不会呢? 这就是我们接下来讨论的问题。 为了更好的理解,我把这三个元素扩展延伸开来:开始=吸引力、中间=期待感、结尾=满足感。现在他们不再是定义而变得鲜活起来,也明确了每个部分应当实现的目标。 什么是小说的吸引力?就是能吸引读者的注意力!当你创造出的主要角色遇到非解决不可的问题时,这就是吸引力!你要让你的读者产生这样的想法:我真想知道主角是如何解决这个难题的!

什么是小说的期待感?你要让读者感到将有更多有趣的事情将要发生!因为读者希望主角成功,也因为希望主角成功,所以主角必须行动起来,要去克服重重困难,一个接一个的障碍! 什么是小说的满足感?当你的主角通过他竭尽其能的手段终于克服了一个又一个的障碍后,也就迎来了故事的结局。不管最后的结局是喜是悲,读者都对故事的完整性而感到满足。 现在我又有了一个新的问题,我们应该如何在小说的每个阶段达到应有的目标呢? 让我们再来把三个要素深化一下:开始=吸引力=冲突、中间=期待感=行动、结局=满足感=解决问题。 在讲解之前,你先看看下面这个故事: 王瑞喜欢班上的一个女生,他和他的朋友说:“如果我能跟她在一起,真的太美妙了!你看她很漂亮也很温柔!” 于是他的朋友鼓励他:“你要是真的喜欢她,就一定要去表白!” 终于有一天王瑞鼓起勇气表白了,那个女生听完他的表白很羞涩的点了点头说道:“其实我也喜欢你!” 于是他们手拉着手走在了一起。 你看这个结局多么的美满幸福,可是这个故事有趣吗?可信度高吗?你有幸福感吗? 没有!什么也没有!

感恩父母活动反思(一)

《感恩父母》教学反思(一) 本校校本课程研修主题《让学生学会知恩、报恩、施恩》旨在通过让学生了解父母之爱,感受父母之情,体验亲情的无私和伟大,即让学生懂得为什么要感恩父母。让学生学会如何去理解父母、尊敬父母、体谅关心父母,与父母和谐相处,从现在做起从点滴以实际的行动来回报父母。最后将这节课的内容直接推向学生自己的生活,让他们在生活中学会感恩。 本节课从课堂教学过程及学情反馈问卷来看,教学目标完成得比较好。教学中在以下几个方面做了一些尝试,收到了较好的效果。 首先,课前反复让学生倾听歌曲,在脑海中留有一定的印象,然后在课程即将结束时再放一次音乐,并让学生随着音乐一起唱,而是在学生深入理解感恩内涵后更深刻地与音乐的一种融合,此时学生边唱边回想整节课的内容,也是对所学内容的一种整理和加深。 最后,就在以上的基础上,将感恩推向学生生活,让学生有感而发,有情可诉,回味自己的成长历程,感恩过去给予过自己帮助的人或物,也能怀着一颗感恩的心更好的面对以后的人生道路,实现学生在阅读中有所成长的目标。 记得有人说过,“教学永远是一门遗憾的艺术”。课后反思发现这堂课在以下几个方面可以继续改进: 首先,这节课的容量特别大,有几个环节可以更加精炼这样做方能使课堂更紧凑,效率更高。 其次,在活动最后我有感而发也给大家讲了一个自己的故事,其实很多学生听了之后很有感触,但是因为时间没有办法让他们更好的交流彼此的体会,分享自己的心情。前面的环节如果更加紧凑,有足够的时间,他们会谈得更好、更丰富,也就会有更精彩的思维碰撞、更多的课堂生成。 最后,在评价学生的时候注重对学生思考内容的评价,忽略了学生回答问题的声音大小,也应引起注意。

小学语文《西顿动物故事的结局》群文阅读教案设计

《西顿动物故事的结局》群文阅读活动目标: 1、采用“群文阅读”形式,促进个性化阅读与合作性阅读的融合。 2、通过比较阅读感受西顿作品的悲剧结局,体会悲情情,引起心灵共鸣。 3、创编结局,感受结局对整个故事的意义。 活动准备:色 1、课前阅读西顿动物小说《遛蹄的野马》、《泉原狐》、《信鸽阿诺》。 2、多媒体课件制作。 3、小组阅读单和小圆片。 活动过程: 第一板块:聚焦结局,探究发现 1、今天的阅读课,我们来读西顿的动物故事。(出示题目《泉源 狐》《信鸽阿诺》《遛蹄的野马》)这三篇文章都是西顿动物小说的节选。因为篇幅很长,所以提前让大家读了,简单地介绍一下故事情节。 2、介绍得不错,现在我们可以切入正题了,来聊一聊动物故事的 结局。 (板书:动物故事的结局)3、用快速浏览的方式继续阅读这三个故事,重点关注结尾部分,分别用一个词语概括出故事的结局,写在结尾处。 4、小组讨论故事的结局,完成小组阅读单。 任务单 题目故事结局 《泉源狐》毒子离乡 《信鸽阿诺》葬身隼爪

《遛蹄的野马》跳崖身亡 5、组际分享:(选两组贴于黑板,预设《泉原狐》比较) 6、故事的结局都已呈现在我们眼前,把这三个结局联系起来看看,再联系一下故事,你发现有什么相同点,又有什么不同点? 预设:相同点——主人公都可怜地死去,非常悲惨;都受到了人类的迫害; 不同点——死去的方式各不相同;造成这样结局的原因也不同。 第二板块:结局背后,各述喜恶 1、尽管死的原因不同、方式不同,结局却都充满了悲情色彩。对于 西顿这样的写法,作为一个读者,你喜欢吗?喜欢的用这个手势,不喜欢的用拳头。 2、跟与你观点相同的同学就近组合成三到五人的小组,去交流探讨 喜欢抑或不喜欢的理由,看哪组理由最充分。 合作提示: ◆说说理由。 ◆整合理由。 ◆写关键词。 3、组际交流,贴关键词,分享理由。 4、喜欢不喜欢,理由都很充分,都是你们真实的阅读感受。有人 是这样诠释西顿动物故事的悲剧结局的。(链接资料:西顿动物小说充分尊重动物的个性,没有任何人为虚构。在生存的本能前提下,它们不虚不假,真性真情。对于一些精神层面的执著,动物们比人要真实、勇敢,它们甚至不在乎死亡,因为比死亡让它们更在意的东西有很多,比如自由、尊严、忠诚、信任……)小结:的确,西顿动物故事的悲剧结局是来源于现实世界里动物们真实的情感和生存状态,真实的总会被存在,感动的总会被喜欢,所以西顿动物小说风靡世界一百多年,全球销量上亿册。

感恩教育个案

小学生感恩教育个案 一教育案例 案例:我班有位男生名叫李文轩,从刚接到这个班,我就对他印象深刻,他上学爱迟到,在学校里常常同学关系不好,还喜欢动手打同学,懒惰、常常不完成作业,上课不守纪律、爱随意下座位,是一个行为很差、习惯不好的学生。而且在接受老师的批评教育时,也常表现出一幅满不在意的样子。 还有一次,上课铃刚响,他和同学兴冲冲地跑向教学,刚要进门的时候,他竟然向前面的学生推去,使同学嘴皮都磕破了,当问起他原因时,他理所当然地说:“我妈妈说的,同学欺负我,打得赢就打,打不赢就跑,这样同学才会欺负我。” 二、行为原因剖析 通过对李文轩的观察,我也发现他的个性鲜明,自制能力差,做事缺乏耐心,使得他自由、散漫、爱捣蛋,这些心理障碍直接损害了他本应和谐的人际关系,损伤了他和同学间的情谊,使同学们对他产生了厌恶的情绪。 (1)家庭的教育缺失 通过与家长的沟通,我也发现他的家庭环境不是很好,父亲是再婚,母亲是他父亲的第二个妻子,母亲对他管教方法不当,平时不重视对他的管教,每次放学总能看见他和他的姐姐在校门口逗留,父亲忙于生计,母亲对他也很少关心,年迈的爷爷又是一个瞎子,对他的管教

也显得无能为力,所以经常与姐姐在外玩耍,这学期开校没多久,他的父亲又和他的母亲离异了,在这样残缺的家庭中慢慢地成长,造成了他过于偏激的性格。 (2)孩子缺乏感恩的意识 他不懂得去关心他人,缺乏感恩之心。由于他感恩意识淡薄、家庭和社会责任感弱化,对他人挑剔多,尊重理解少……。当然像李文轩这样的孩子也并不是一个特例,很多家庭的孩子存在这样的现象,他们不懂得感恩他人,在生活中显得格外的自私,他代表着现代孩子们的共性,新时代的孩子们多是缺少感恩的心的。 这就折射出他本身最需要的内容就是感恩教育。作为班主任,我会努力把“感恩教育”作为教育他的切入点,对他实施全方位的“感恩教育”。让他从爱父母、爱老师、爱同学、爱身边人的开始,对给予自己关怀和帮助过的人抱有感激之心,使“滴水之恩当报涌泉”的情感在该生心目中生根、开花、结果。并以此增强他的感恩意识、责任意识、奉献意识,努力提升他的思想道德素质 三、感恩教育的具体措施 我分三个层次来实施感恩教育,首先教育学生感谢父母的养育之恩,其次是感谢老师的教育之恩,再则是感恩社会。 1在教育学生要感谢父母养育之恩时,我采取下列措施:(1)以通过诵读《弟子规》《三字经》《千字文》等经典,大力弘扬中华民族的传统美德,并且教育学生从爱父母做起,学会做人。(2)要求

20篇教学反思

《燕子》课后随记 金土完小靳深 “一身乌黑光亮的羽毛,一对俊俏轻快的翅膀,加上剪刀似的尾巴,凑成了活泼机灵的小燕子。”──多么优美的文字,多么生动的描述,在我摇头晃脑地为学生朗读《燕子》一课时,却发现学生们并没有被我的激情、被书中的文字所感染。为什么呢?燕子可是学生们经常见到的,而文中又描写得这么形象、这么可爱,怎么会引不起学生的共鸣呢?就在我产生疑问时,我发现班里多半学生的目光都瞅向窗外。原来,窗外正有几只燕子在叽叽喳喳,我突然意识到,该让学生走进大自然,去把书中的语言文字和自己的观察体验相结合。让学生学会看风景、学会做文章。 “小燕子,穿花衣,年年春天来这里……”儿时的歌谣被孩子们快乐地哼唱着,在阳光下,在校园里,学生们尽情地寻找着燕子的足迹,品味着字里行间的描述和自己眼中看到的风景的异同。“老师,你看,小燕子真长着剪刀似的尾巴。”“老师,你瞧,燕子斜着身子在天空中飞过,跟书中写的一样。”看着孩子们因为兴奋而涨得通红的小脸,我的心情豁然开朗。 第二天上课,我惊喜地发现,所有的孩子竟然都能把课文非常有感情地背诵了。看着他们摇头晃脑、怡然自得的神情,我有了深深的领悟──课堂教学是一个用生活验证和丰富知识的过程,语文教学更是一个诗意的旅程,教师应是一个称职的导游,而真正看风景的人是学生。记得有一首歌唱到:“风景这边独好,祖国分外妖娆。”而我想说的是:让学生用自己的眼睛和心灵去看风景,风景哪边都好,生活无限美妙!

《2. 古诗两首》教学后记 本课教学采用了“合──分──合”的方式,将两首古诗有机地整合在一起,共同突显“春”这一主题。开课伊始,便将两首古诗和盘托出,让学生通过自读自悟,发现两首诗之间的共同点──都描写了春天,都写到了春风这一事物──从而引出“二月春风似剪刀”,以此导入对《咏柳》一诗的教学。又以“二月春风裁出了……裁出了……裁出了一个万紫千红的春天(出示:万紫千红总是春)”过渡到《春日》一诗。两首古诗的分开教学看似独立,其中又有着千丝万缕的联系,自始至终不离“春”这一主题,为二次整合铺垫基础。 课末,将两首古诗再次整和,进行对比参读。使学生领会到:《咏柳》如细笔勾勒,由一柳而见出整个春天;《春日》则如泼墨挥毫,渲染出春天的“无边光景”,“万紫千红”。然而此处对比的实质并非为求异,而为探求两首古诗内在精神之一致,即对春天的赞美和热爱。至此,学生对春的感悟和热情得以升华,此时,让他们写下心中对春的感受便如水到渠成,一蹴而就。课堂氛围达到高潮。 除了两首古诗之间的整合,本课教学还巧妙地引入朱自清的散文《春》,使古今诗文得以整合。课始,以“盼望着,盼望着,东风来了,春天的脚步近了。”导入新课,揭示了整节课的主题,奠定了课堂的情感基调。课末,以《春》的结尾三段丰富了春的内涵,提升了学生的情感。在这儿,诗、文各有自己独特的语言个性,又具有相同的精神内涵。“诗”是“文”的浓缩,“文”是“诗”的诠释,其有效结合,使学生置身于更广阔的语文空间,营造了课堂的浓浓春意。另外,新旧知识的整合在本堂课中也有体现。课前谈话让学生背诵已学的描写春天的古诗,照顾到了学生的“最近发展区”,课终鼓励学生阅读和摘录有关春天的美诗文是对课堂教学的延伸拓展。

给故事一个结局

【题记:这是朋友给我讲的真实故事的其中一则,其中的两位主人公皆是朋友的同学。这么些天来我就一直在酝酿某种情感,我在想,应该用自己的笔触,采用怎样的写作手法将其原汁原味的呈现于读者的视野心间?思索再三,终是谈不上什么写作技巧,还是想为这则故事添些枝加些叶,但力求接近生活的真实!】 (一) 他的画就如他的眸子,深邃却又不失其清澈,意蕴悠远,总是易使人浮想联翩,恍若梦境! 若熙已经在他的画展前足足站了三个多小时,直到来参观画展的同学、老师零零散散的散去,她才踩着一路的轻歌,不紧不慢的踱回教室! 这个被全校公认的“未来的画家”一直是她的骄傲! 冯慕轩,他就像他画里的风景,让她沉醉。若用一个很贴切的词来形容他们之间有小到大走过的历程,那就是“青梅竹马”! 慕轩一直很内向,不擅交流,表达,只是把思想寄于画间。庆幸的是,他们住对门,有更多可以相处的机会,但每晚和若熙一同写作业,除了探讨些学校的情况,班级的琐事,从不涉及其它。若熙更是腼腆的如一剪弯月,映照着他的眸子,盈盈然听其略带磁性的嗓音如流淌的优美乐曲。 带着一点点的遗憾,也带着如许的知足,高三的生活即将结束,毕业的脚步款款而来,面临着最后的冲刺,他们是否还能够像小学、初中、高中这样同步一个学堂?慕轩想过,凭若熙的能力,名牌大学触手可及;若熙也想过,普通大学相对于慕轩的功底也没有什么问题,可是......可是什么呢?担心?还是恐惧分离? 若熙心底那份隐秘的情感在这个关键的时刻是那样的急于表达和宣泄!可是她无从知晓慕轩的心思,一直以来,他的心思就在他的画里,而他却一直在她的梦里!终于,她找到了一个恰当的时机告诉给了她的闺蜜!对他的欣赏,对他的渴慕,对他的依恋,对他的沉迷...... 闺蜜默然,在未来还未决定的最后阶段,情感太苍白无力。 (二) 若熙如愿以偿的拿到了另一个城市一所名牌大学寄来的录取通知书!慕轩意料之中的留在了本地! 临别,慕轩送她到了车站,他嗫嚅着,颠三倒四的重复着一句话:注意身体,路上注意安全! 若熙凝视着这个伴他走了十二个春、夏、秋、冬的大男孩,竟无语凝咽!别过脸,她无奈的一转身迅疾的踏进了车,门合上的瞬间,他挥动的双手永远留在了她含泪的视线里! 车行驶的越来越远,慕轩的身影却越来越清晰,就像若熙的心,一直与他相依。 “我每天会发信息给你,一定要回!把你的情况如实的告诉我啊?”随着短信息的发送,若熙知道,她的日子里又多了一项日程,那就是牵挂和殷殷的期盼! 慕轩还真的挺听话,每天一条短信,最多的内容是他的画展,有一次,他竟然给她打了一个小时的电话,只是想要告诉她,他的画在市组织的画展中获奖,并拿了500元的奖金!若熙在电话里捕捉着他的快乐!她默默聆听着,是的,从始至终她就知道,慕轩一定能行,他的天赋和灵性融进了画里,他的灵魂融进了画里.....

爱护自己的名誉教学反思.

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