搜档网
当前位置:搜档网 › 2012-2013春季学期微观经济学复习题

2012-2013春季学期微观经济学复习题

2012-2013春季学期微观经济学复习题
2012-2013春季学期微观经济学复习题

选择题

1. The concept that goods produced abroad and sold domestically is called

a. Export

b. Investment

c. import

d. Trade

2. The basic question which economics studies is

a. how to produce

b. What to produce

c. produce for whom

d. All of the above are correct

3. Which of the following choice is not the opportunity cost for having a vacation?

a. train ticket

b. earnings if you work

c. expense for food

d. time

4. In a perfectly competitive market:

a. there is only a seller and a buyer

b. there are many sellers, but only a buyer

c. There is only a seller, but many buyers

d. There are many sellers and buyers

5. Suppose shoes and socks are complements, then if the price of shoes raise, demand of the socks will

a. increase

b. reduce

c. Not change

d. it’s hard to judge

6. Which of the following condition need to face tradeoffs?

a. Watching TV

b. Going to work

c. Going shopping

d. All of the above are correct

7. Suppose both US and China produce cars toys, based on the following form, which country has a comparative advantage in producing cars and which

b. US, China

c. China, US

d. China, China

8. According to the law of supply, when the price of a good rises

a. The demand of the good reduce

b. The supply of the good increase

c. The demand of the good increase

d. The supply of the good reduce

9. Which of the following incidents will shift Demand curve of milk to the right?

a. the price of milk rises

b. people have more preference on milk

c. the price of milk fall

d. there is a disease happened on cows

10. If the price of a good is lower than its equilibrium price then:

a. there is a surplus and the price will go up

b. there is a surplus and the price will go down

c. there is a shortage and the price will go up

d. there is a shortage and the price will go down

11. A binding price floor will cause a maximum surplus if:

a. the Supply is elastic but the Demand is inelastic

b. the supply is inelastic but the Demand is elastic

c. both of supply and demand are elastic

d. Both of supply and demand are inelastic

12. Accroding to the following Production Possibilities Frontier of two countries. In which country is the opportunity cost of cloth lower? In which country is the opportunity cost of wine is lower?

a . France, France

b .England, England

c .France, England

d .England, France

13. If the price elasticity of supply for one good is 0, the supply curve of the good will be :

D

Q

14.Suppose that consumers use 15%of their income on the food, then the income elasticity of demand for food is :

a.0.15

b.1.00

c.1.15

d.1.50

15. When the cross-price elasticity of demand between two goods is negative, those two goods will be:

a. complements

b. substitutes

c. inferior goods

d. normal goods

16.Other things equal, when the supply of workers is low, one would predict that market wages would be:

a. relatively high.

b. relatively low.

c. determined solely by factors that affect deman

d.

d. determined outside the domain of economic theory.

17.Which of the following statements is correct?

a. Both a competitive firm and a monopolist are price takers.

b. Both a competitive firm and a monopolist are price makers.

c. A competitive firm is a price taker, whereas a monopolist is a price maker.

d. A competitive firm is a price maker, whereas a monopolist is a price taker.

18. Which of the following is not a determinant of the price elasticity of demand for a good?

a. the time horizon

b. the steepness or flatness of the supply curve for the good

c. the definition of the market for the good

d. the availability of substitutes for the good

19. Whether a good is a luxury or necessity depends on the

a. price of the good.

b. preferences of the buyer.

c. intrinsic properties of the goo

d.

d. scarcity of the good.

20. The price elasticity of demand for eggs

a. is computed as the percentage change in quantity demanded of eggs divided

by the percentage change in price of eggs.

b. will be lower if there is a new invention that is a close substitute for eggs.

c. will be higher if consumers consider eggs to be a necessity.

d. All of the above are correct.

the following is consistent with the elasticities given in Table 5-1?

a. A is grapes, and B is fruit.

b. A is T-shirts, and B is socks.

c. A is train tickets before cars were invented, and B is train tickets after cars

were invented.

d. A is diamond necklaces, and B is beds.

22. If a price ceiling is not binding, then

a. there will be a surplus in the market.

b. there will be a shortage in the market.

c. the market will be less efficient than it would be without the price ceiling.

d. there will be no effect on the market price or quantity sold.

23. Welfare economics explains which of the following in the market for DVDs?

a. The government sets the price of DVDs; firms respond to the price by

producing a specific level of output.

b. The government sets the quantity of DVDs; firms respond to the quantity by

charging a specific price.

c. The market equilibrium price for DVDs maximizes the total welfare to DVD

buyers and sellers.

d. The market equilibrium price for DVDs maximizes consumer welfare but

minimizes producer welfare.

24. Consumer surplus

a. is the amount a buyer pays for a good minus the amount the buyer is willing

to pay for it.

b. is represented on a supply-demand graph by the area below the price and

above the demand curve.

c. measures the benefit sellers receive from participating in a market.

d. measures the benefit buyers receive from participating in a market.

the product is $15, then who would be willing to purchase the product?

a. Lori

b. Lori and Audrey

c. Lori, Audrey, and Zach

d. Lori, Audrey, Zach, and Calvin

26.This table refers to five possible buyers' willingness to pay for a case of Vanilla Coke. Refer to Table 7-2. If the price of Vanilla Coke is $6.90, who will purchase the good?

b. Megan, Mallory and Audrey

c. David, Laura and Megan

d. David and Laura

27. Refer to Table 7-6. You are selling extra tickets to the Midwest Regional Sweet 16 game in the men’s NCAA basketball tournament. The table shows the

willingness to pay of the four potential buyers in the market for a ticket to the game. Which of the following graphs represents the market demand curve?

a. $400

$350$300

$5001

234

c.

$400$350$300

$5001234

b.

$400$350$300

$5001234

d.

$500$400$350$300

$5001234

28. Ray buys a new tractor for $118,000. He receives consumer surplus of $13,000 on his purchase. Ray's willingness to pay is

a. $13,000.

b. $105,000.

c. $118,000.

d. $131,000.

29. Cost is a measure of the

a. seller's willingness to sell.

b. seller's producer surplus.

c. producer shortage.

d. seller's willingness to buy. Figure 7-9

25

50

75100125150175200

25

5075100125150175200225250275300

30. Refer to Figure 7-9. If the supply curve is S, the demand curve is D, and the equilibrium price is $100, what is the producer surplus?

a. $625

b. $1,250

c. $2,500

d. $5,000

31. When a tax is placed on a product, the price paid by buyers

a. rises, and the price received by sellers rises.

b. rises, and the price received by sellers falls.

c. falls, and the price received by sellers rises.

d. falls, and the price received by sellers falls. Figure 8-1

Demand Supply

P''

P'P'''

J K L

M

N

I Y

B

Quantity Price

32. Refer to Figure 8-1. Suppose the government imposes a tax of P' - P'''. Total surplus after the tax is measured by the area

a. I+Y .

b. J+K+L+M.

c. I+Y+B.

d. I+J+K+L+M+Y .

33. Suppose a tax of $4 per unit is imposed on a good, and the tax causes the

equilibrium quantity of the good to decrease from 2,000 units to 1,700 units. The tax decreases consumer surplus by $3,000 and decreases producer surplus by $4,400. The deadweight loss of the tax is

a. $200.

b. $400.

c. $600.

d. $1,200.

34. Buyers of a product will bear the larger part of the tax burden, and sellers will bear a smaller part of the tax burden, when the

a. tax is placed on the sellers of the product.

b. tax is placed on the buyers of the product.

c. supply of the product is more elastic than the demand for the product.

d. demand for the product is more elastic than the supply of the product.

35. The size of the deadweight loss generated from a tax is affected by the

a. elasticities of both supply and demand.

b. elasticity of demand only.

c. elasticity of supply only.

d. total revenue collected by the government.

36. An externality is

a. the costs that parties incur in the process of agreeing and following through

on a bargain.

b. the uncompensated impact of one person's actions on the well-being of a

bystander.

c. the proposition that private parties can bargain without cost over the

allocation of resources.

d. a market equilibrium tax.

37. Externalities tend to cause markets to be

a. inefficient.

b. unequal.

c. unnecessary.

d. overwhelmed.

Figure 10-5

38. Refer to Figure 10-5. Which price and quantity combination represents the social optimum?

a. P0 and Q1.

b. P2 and Q1.

c. P1 and Q0.

d. P2 and Q0.

39. If the government were to limit the release of air-pollution produced by a steel mill to 75 parts per million, the policy would be considered

a. regulation.

b. corrective tax.

c. subsidy.

d. market-based policy.

40. In a market that is characterized by imperfect competition,

a. firms are price takers.

b. there are always a large number of firms.

c. there are at least a few firms that compete with one another.

d. the actions of one firm in the market never have any impact on the other

firms' profits.

41. Firms in industries that have competitors but do not face so much competition that they are price takers are operating in either a(n)

a. oligopoly or perfectly competitive market.

b. oligopoly or monopoly market.

c. oligopoly or monopolistically competitive market.

d. monopoly or monopolistically competitive market.

42. Which of the following is an example of a monopolistically competitive industry?

a. computer operating systems

b. tennis balls

c. movies

d. cable television

43. Select the type of market that is described by the following attributes: many firms, differentiated products, and free entry.

a. natural monopoly

b. perfectly competition

c. monopolistic competition

d. monopoly

44. Because monopolistically competitive firms produce differentiated products, each firm

a. faces a demand curve that is horizontal.

b. faces a demand curve that is vertical.

c. has no control over product price.

d. has some control over product pric

e.

45. Which of the following conditions is characteristic of a monopolistically competitive firm in short-run equilibrium?

a. P = AR

b. MR = MC

c. P > MC

d. All of the above are correct.

46. For a profit-maximizing monopolistically competitive firm, price exceeds marginal cost in

a. the short run but not in the long run.

b. the long run but not in the short run.

c. both the short run and the long run.

d. neither the short run nor the long run.

Figure 16-1. The figure is drawn for a monopolistically competitive firm.

18

12

47. Refer to Figure 16-1. The firm’s profit-maximizing level of output is

a. 8 units.

b. 12 units.

c. 16 units.

d. 24 units.

Figure 16-4

48. Refer to Figure 16-4. Which of the graphs depicts a short-run equilibrium that will encourage the entry of other firms into a monopolistically competitive

a. panel a

b. panel b

c. panel c

d. panel d

49. In which of the following markets is economic profit driven to zero in the long run?

a. oligopoly

b. monopoly

c. monopolistic competition

d. cartels

50.As new firms enter a monopolistically competitive market, profits of existing firms

a. rise, and product diversity in the market increases.

b. rise, and product diversity in the market decreases.

c. decline, and product diversity in the market increases.

d. decline, and product diversity in the market decreases.

51.Joe’s Juice Shop operates in a monopolistically competitive market. Joe’s is currently producing where its average total cost is minimized. In the long run we would expect Joe’s output to

a. decrease and average total cost to increase.

b. decrease and average total cost to decrease.

c. remain unchanged as Joe's is doing the best it can.

d. increase and average total costs to decreas

e.

52. Which of the following formulas would correc tly calculate a monopolist’s

a. profit = price – marginal cost

b. profit = price – average total cost

c. profit = (price – marginal cost)

d. profit = (price –

53. In comparison to perfect competition, monopolistic competition is characterized by

a. efficient scale.

b. pricing at marginal cost.

c. excess capacity.

d. All of the above are correct.

54.In a monopolistically competitive market, social welfare would be enhanced if

a. price equaled marginal cost.

b. government regulation eliminated the product-variety externality.

c. the government raised taxes to subsidize firms that price below average total

cost.

d. there were fewer firms, making the industry closer to an oligopoly.

55.Hotels in New York City frequently experience an average vacancy rate of about 20 percent (i.e., on an average night, 80 percent of the hotel rooms are full). This kind of excess capacity is indicative of what kind of market?

a. monopoly

b. perfect competition

c. monopolistic competition

d. oligopoly

56.If a monopolistically competitive firm can increase its level of production and lower its average total cost of production at the same time then

a. the firm has a product-variety opportunity.

b. the firm has excess capacity.

c. the firm has a business-stealing opportunity.

d. the firm is producing a quantity of output higher than its efficient scale of

production.

57.A special kind of imperfectly competitive market that has only two firms is called

a. a two-tier competitive structure.

b. an incidental monopoly.

c. a doublet.

d. a duopoly.

58. An agreement among firms in a market about quantities to produce or prices to charge is called

a. collusion.

b. a strategic situation.

c. excess capacity.

d. tying.

59. As the number of sellers in an oligopoly becomes very large,

a. the quantity of output approaches the socially efficient quantity.

b. the price approaches marginal cost.

c. the price effect is diminishe

d.

d. All of the above are correct.

60. In a particular town, Comvision and Veriview are the only two providers of cable TV service. Comvision and Veriview constitute a

a. duopoly, whether they collude or not.

b. cartel, whether they collude or not.

c. Nash industry, whether they collude or not.

d. monopolistically competitive market if they charge the same pric

e.

61. Because a firm's demand for a factor of production is derived from its decision to supply a good in the market, it is called a

a. differentiated demand.

b. secondary demand.

c. derived deman

d.

d. hybrid demand-supply.

62.Rosie’s Flower Shop sells floral arrangements for $20 each. If Rosie hires 10 workers, she can sell 600 arrangements per week. If she hires 11 workers, she can sell 650 arrangements per week. Rosie pays each of her workers $400 per week. Which of the following is correct?

a. For the 11th worker, the marginal profit is $1,000.

b. For the 11th worker, the marginal revenue product is $1,000.

c. The firm is maximizing its profit.

d. If the firm is employing 11 workers, then its profit would increase if it cut

back to 10 workers.

63. The marginal product of labor is

a. the increase in the amount of output from an additional unit of labor.

b. the total amount of output divided by the total units of labor.

c. total revenue minus total cost.

d. also called the marginal profit.

64. Sally runs a hair styling salon. Sally is a profit-maximizing owner whose firm operates in a competitive market. The marginal cost of a haircut is $11. What is the maximum wage that Sally will pay her stylists?

a. less than $11 per haircut

b. $11 per haircut

c. more than $11 haircut

d. There is insufficient information to answer this question.

65. Value of marginal product is defined as the additional

a. output a firm would receive after hiring one more factor of production.

b. cost of hiring one more factor of production.

c. revenue earned from selling one more unit of product.

d. revenue earned from hiring one more factor of production.

66.If the value of the marginal product of labor exceeds the wage, then hiring

another worker increases the firm's

a. profit.

b. total cost.

c. total revenue.

d. All of the above are correct.

67.A difference in wages that reflects differences in the nonpay features of two jobs is called

a. a compensating differential.

b. a wage adjustment.

c. an efficiency wage.

d. a minimum wag

e.

68.The poverty rate is the percentage of the population that have a family income level below the

a. income maintenance threshold.

b. poverty line.

c. bottom quintile of the income distribution.

d. minimum wag

e.

69.When a good is excludable,

a. one person's use of the good diminishes another person's ability to use it.

b. people can be prevented from using the good.

c. no more than one person can use the good at the same time.

d. everyone will be excluded from using the good.

70.. Goods that are rival in consumption include both

a. club goods and public goods.

b. public goods and common resources.

c. common resources and private goods.

d. private goods and club goods.

71. A streetlight is a

a. private good.

b. club good.

c. common resource.

d. public good.

72.Economists normally assume that the goal of a firm is to

a. maximize its total revenue.

b. maximize its profit.

c. minimize its explicit costs.

d. minimize its total cost.

73. Total revenue equals

a. price x quantity.

b. price/quantity.

c. (price x quantity) - total cost.

d. output - input.

74.. Joy sells 200 glasses of iced tea at $0.50 each. Her total costs are $25. Her profits are

a. $25.

b. $75.

c. $100.

d. $175.

75 . Which of the following statements is correct?

a. Opportunity costs equal explicit minus implicit costs.

b. Economists consider opportunity costs to be included in a firm’s total

revenues.

c. Economists consider opportunity costs to be included in a firm’s costs of

production.

d. All of the above are correct.

76.A situation in which the price has reached the level where quantity supplied equals quantity demanded is called

a. scale economy

b. economy

c. equality

d. equilibrium quantity

77.Trade among nations is ultimately based on

a. surplus

b. comparative advantage

c. goods difference

d. goods preference

78.

Area D represents: ( )

a. government revenues as a result of tariff.

b. gain in welfare of domestic consumers as a result of tariff.

c. deadweight loss from overproduction as a result of tariff.

d. gain in welfare of domestic producers as a result of tariff.

79.Reaching an efficient bargain is difficult when the

a. externality is large.

b. number of interested parties is large.

c. externality is negative.

d. government becomes involved.

80.If children impose a negative externality, the following must be true:

a. Parents would rather have fewer children.

b. Parent's costs exceed the benefits associated with having children.

c. Parents do not bear the full cost imposed by their children.

d. All of the above are tru

e.

81.A lighthouse is typically considered a good example of a public good because

a. the owner of the lighthouse is able to exclude beneficiaries from enjoying the lighthouse.

b. there is rarely another lighthouse nearby to provide competition.

c. a nearby port authority cannot avoid paying fees to the lighthouse owner.

d. all passing ships are able to enjoy the benefits of the lighthouse without paying.

82.Each of the following would be considered a common resource EXCEPT

a. clean air.

b. congested roads.

c. national defense.

d. open grazing land.

83.The marginal product of labor is defined as the change in

a. output per additional unit of revenue.

b. output per additional unit of labor.

c. revenue per additional unit of labor.

d. revenue per additional unit of output.

84.Marginal cost tells us the.

a. value of all resources used in a production process.

b. marginal increment to profitability when price is constant.

c. amount by which total cost rises when output is increased by one unit.

d. amount by which output rises when labor is increased by one unit.

85.A tax for which high-income and low-income taxpayers pay the same fraction of income is called

a. marginal tax

b. proportional tax

c. progressive tax

d. regressive tax

86.A profit-maximizing firm in a competitive market is currently producing 100 units of output. It has average revenue of $10, and its average total cost is $8. It follows that the firm's

a. average total cost curve intersects the marginal cost curve at an output level of less than100 units.

b. average variable cost curve intersects the marginal cost curve at an output level of less than 100 units.

c. profit is $200.

d. All of the above are correct.

87.Economic profit is equal to():

(i)total revenue – (explicit costs + implicit costs)

(ii) t otal revenue – opportunity costs.

(iii) accounting profit + implicit costs.

a. (i) only

b. (i) and (ii)

c. (ii) and (iii).

d. All of the above are correct.

88.A natural monopolist's ability to price its product is

a. constrained by the market demand curve.

b. constrained by market supply.

c. not affected by market deman

d.

d. enhanced by regulatory control of the government.

89.The information in the table below depicts the total demand for premium channel digital cable TV subscriptions in a small urban market. Assume that each digital cable TV operator pays a fixed cost of $100,000 (per year) to provide premium digital channels in the market area and that the marginal cost of providing the premium channel service to a household is zero.

Quantity Price (per year)

0 $120

3,000 $100

6,000 $80

9,000 $60

12,000 $40

15,000 $20

18,000 $0

Assume that there are two profit-maximizing digital cable TV companies operating in this market. Further assume that they are able to "collude" on price and quantity of premium digital channel subscriptions to sell. As part of their collusive agreement they decide to take an equal share of the market. How much profit will each company make?

a. $170,000

b. $40,000

c. $480,000

d. $540,000

90.A strategy that is best for a player in a game regardless of the strategies chosen by the other players is called

a. top strategy

b. best strategy

c. dominant strategy

d. perfect strategy

91.Ignoring oligopoly and focusing on the other three types of market structure, in which of those market structures does a profit-maximizing firm charge a price that exceeds marginal cost?

a. monopoly only

b. monopoly and monopolistic competition only

c. monopoly, monopolistic competition, and perfect competition

d. It depends on whether we are in the short run or the long run.

92."In a long-run equilibrium, price is equal to average total cost." This

statement

applies to.

a. competitive markets, but not to monopolistically competitive markets or monopolies.

b. competitive and monopolistically competitive markets, but not to monopolies.

c. competitive and monopolistically competitive markets and to monopolies.

d. None of the above is correct.

93.Economists have defended brand names as a useful way for consumers to ensure that the goods they buy are of

a. average quality

b. best quality

c. low quality

d. high quality

94.In monopolistically competitive markets, the property of free entry and exit suggests

that.

a. the market structure will eventually be characterized by perfect competition in

the long run.

b. all firms earn zero economic profits in the long run.

c. some firms will be able to earn economic profits in the long run.

d. some firms will be forced to incur economic losses in the long run.

95.If the price of a substitute to good X increases, then the

a. demand for good X will decrease.

b. market price of good X will decrease.

c. demand for good X will increase.

d. quantity demanded for good X will increas

e.

96.Saving and borrowing behavior is indicative of a family

a. that is most likely to be poor.

b. that has a difficult time balancing its standard of living.

c. adjusting its standard of living to reflect transitory changes in income.

d. that is most likely to be on the upper end of the income distribution.

According to the table shown, Japan has a comparative advantage in

a. airplanes and the United States has an absolute advantage in cars.

b. cars and the United States has an absolute advantage in airplanes.

c. cars and the United States has an absolute advantage in neither goo

d.

d. airplanes and the United States has an absolute advantage in both goods.

98. An oligopoly is a market in which

a. there are only a few sellers, each offering a product similar or identical to the others.

b. firms are price takers.

c. the actions of one seller in the market have no impact on the other sellers’profits.

d. All of the above are correct.

99. Benefits from free trade include each of the following EXCEPT

a. increased variety of goods.

b. lower costs because of economies of scale.

c. enhanced flow of ideas.

d. reduced competition.

100.Of the following, the main reason why OPEC has been unable to keep oil prices high is that

a. demand tends to become more elastic in the long run

b. supply tends to be more inelastic in long run

c. government regulations have prevented it.

d. massive new petroleum discoveries have increased the supply

判断题

1. Trade allows a country to consume outside its production possibilities frontier.

2. Whenever a determinant of demand other than price changes, the demand curve shifts.

3. Producer surplus tends to be large when supply is elastic.

4. The shape of the marginal cost curve tells a producer something about the marginal product of her workers.

5.The three most important factors of production are labor, land and capital. 6.The more elastic the supply and demand curves in a market, the more taxes in that market distort behavior, and the more likely it is that a tax cut will raise tax revenue. 7.If a tariff is placed on watches, the price of both domestic and imported watches will rise by the amount of the tariff.

8. Roads can be considered either public goods or common resources, depending on how congested they are.

9. Negative externalities lead markets to produce a smaller quantity of a good than is socially desirable, while positive externalities lead markets to produce a larger quantity of a good than is socially desirable.

10.If the social cost of producing robots is less than the private cost of producing robots, the private market produces too few robots.

11.Economic profit is typically higher than accounting profit.

12.The supply curve of a firm in a competitive market is the average variable cost curve, above the minimum of marginal cost.

13. The price of calculators increases by 15 percent and the quantity demanded per week falls by 45 percent. The price elasticity of demand is 3.

14. A 5 percent increase in the price of sugar reduces sugar consumption by about 10

percent. The increase causes households to spend more on sugar.

15. For a firm in a perfectly competitive market, the short-run equilibrium means that P=the lowest AC.

16. Long-run supply is always horizontal for competitive industries.

17. In the case of oligopoly markets, self-interest prevents cooperation and leads to an inferior outcome for the firms that are involved.

18. When a firm in a monopolistically competitive market earns zero economic profit, its product price must equal marginal cost.

19.If advertising decreases the elasticity of demand for specific brand names of hard liquor, we would expect firms to be more able to exercise market power as a result. 20. The labor supply curve reflects how workers’ decisions about the labor-leisure tradeoff respond to changes in the opportunity cost of leisure.

21. A competitive, profit-maximizing firm hires workers up to the point at which the wage equals the price of the final good.

22. The producer who has the smaller opportunity cost of producing a good is said to have an absolute advantage in producing that good.

23. If the price elasticity of demand is equal to 0, demand is unit elastic.

24. OPEC failed to maintain a high price of oil in the long run because both the supply of oil and the demand for oil are more elastic in the long run than in the short run.

25. If it takes U.S. workers fewer hours to produce every good than it takes German workers, the United States cannot gain from trade with Germany.

26. In a perfectly competitive market, buyers and sellers are price setters.

27. If a small country imposes a tariff on an imported good, domestic sellers will gain producer surplus, the government will gain tariff revenue, and domestic consumers will gain consumer surplus.

28. The midpoint method is used to calculate elasticity between two points because it gives the same answer regardless of the direction of the change .

29. Normal goods have negative income elasticities of demand, while inferior goods have positive income elasticities of demand.

30. The more inelastic the demand and supply curves, the greater the deadweight loss of a tax.

31. An increase in raw materials prices tends to reduce the supply (shift it to the left) 32.The price elasticity of supply is likely to be greater for motor vehicles in general than it is for a specialized market, such as sport utility vehicles.

33.A tax on golf clubs will cause the equilibrium market price of golf clubs to increase, and the equilibrium quantity sold to decrease.

34. Binding price ceilings benefit consumers because they allow consumers to buy all the goods they demand at a lower price.

35. The area below the price and above the supply curve measures the producer surplus in a market.

36. Because taxes distort incentives, they cause markets to allocate resources inefficiently.

37. The Laffer curve is the curve showing how tax revenue varies as tax rates vary.

38. Labor unions will raise the quantity of labor demanded.

39. The demand curve for each factor of production reflects the marginal productivity of that factor.

40. A reduction in the price of a product and an increase in the number of buyers in the market affect the demand curve in the same general way.

名词解释

1. regressive tax

2. market failure

3. demand schedule

4. average tax rate

5. economic profit

6. equilibrium quantity

7. progressive tax 8. marginal cost 9.equilibrium price

10.consumer surplus 11.elasticity 12. marginal revenue

13. producer surplus 14. opportunity cost 15. natural monopolies

16. Coase theorem 17. Externalities 18. diminishing marginal product

19. long-run supply curve 20.public goods

微观经济学总复习题及答案汇编

一、选择题 1、在得出某种商品的个人需求曲线时,下列因素除哪一种外均保持不变?() A 商品本身的价格;B个人偏好; C 其他商品的价格; D 个人收入 2、下列因素中除哪一项外,都会使需求曲线移动?() A 消费者收入变化; B 商品价格变化; C 消费者偏好变化; D 其他相关商品价格变化。 3、商品x和商品y是相互替代的,则x的价格下降将导致()。 A x的需求曲线向右移动; B x 的需求曲线向左移动; C y的需求曲线向右移动; D y 的需求曲线向左移动。 4、某种商品价格下降对其互补品的影响是()。 A 互补品的需求曲线向左移动; B 互补品的需求曲线向右移动; C 互补品的供给趋向向右移动; D 互补品的价格上升。 5、需求的价格弹性是指()。 A 需求函数的斜率; B 收入变化对需求的影响程度; C 消费者对价格变化的反映灵敏程度; D 以上说法都正确。 6、假定某商品的价格从10美元下降到9美元,需求量从70增加到75,则需求为()。 A 缺乏弹性; B 富有弹性; C 单一弹性; D 难以确定。 7、总效用达到最大时()。 A 边际效用为最大; B 边际效用为零; C 边际效用为正; D 边际效用为负。 8、同一条无差异曲线上的不同点表示()。 A 效用水平不同,但所消费的两种商品组合比例相同; B 效用水平相同,但所消费的两种商品组合比例不同; C 效用水平不同,两种商品的组合比例也不相同;

D 效用水平相同,两种商品的组合比例也相同。 9、预算线的位置和斜率取决于()。 A 消费者的收入;B商品的价格; C 消费者的收入和商品价格;D消费者的偏好、收入和商品的价格。 10、商品x和y的价格按相同的比例上升,而收入不变,预算线()。 A 向左下方平行移动;B向右上方平行移动; C 向左下方或右上方平行移动 D 不变动。 11、如果横轴表示商品x的消费量,纵轴表示商品y的消费量,则预算线绕着它与横轴的交点逆时针转动是因为()。 A 商品x的价格上升;B商品y的价格上升; C 消费者收入下降;D商品x的价格不变,商品y的价格上升。 12、假定其他条件不变,如果某种正常商品的价格下降,根据效用最大化原则,消费者会()这种商品的购买。 A 增加; B 减少; C 不改变; D 增加或减少。 13、消费者剩余是()。 A 消费过剩的商品; B 消费者得到的总效用; C 消费者购买商品所得到的总效用大于货币的总效用部分; D 支出的货币总效用。 14、当商品价格不变,而消费者收入变动时,连接消费者诸均衡点的曲线称()。 A 需求曲线;B价格—消费曲线; C收入—消费曲线;D恩格尔曲线。 15、恩格尔曲线从()导出。 A 价格—消费线;B需求曲线; C 收入—消费线;D无差异曲线。 16、需求曲线从()导出。 A 价格—消费曲线; B 收入—消费曲线; C 无差异曲线; D 预算线。 17、生产要素(投入)和产出水平的关系称为()。 A 生产函数;B生产可能性曲线; C 总成本曲线;D平均成本曲线。 18、劳动(L)的总产量下降时()。

最新微观经济学复习题答案

微观经济学复习题答 案

微观经济学复习题及答案 一、 名词解释 1 需求函数:需求函数表示一种商品的需求数量与影响该商品需求数量的各种因素之间的相互关 系。 )(p f Q d = ) ,,,(,1 p p m p f Q r d = 2 供给函数:供给函数表示一种商品的供给数量与影响该商品供给数量的各种因素之间的相互关 系。 )(p f Q s = ) ,,,(,11 p r t p f Q s = 7 恩格尔定律:对于一个家庭或国家,富裕程度越高,则食物支出的收入弹性就越小;反之。就 越大。(在一个家庭或者国家中,食物支出在收入中所占的比例随着收入的增加而减少) 8 消费者剩余: 消费者为取得一种商品所愿意支付的价格与他取得该商品而支付的实际价格之间的 差额。 9 边际成本:边际成本(MC )是厂商在短期内增加一单位产品时所增加的成本。 10 商品替代率:商品的边际替代率(MRS ):在维持效用水平不变的前提下,消费者增加一单位 某种商品的消费数量时所需要放弃的另一种商品的消费数量。 11 无差异曲线:无差异曲线是表示能给消费者带来同等效用水平或者满足程度的两种商品的不同 数量的组合。 12 替代效应和收入效应:当一种商品的价格发生变化时,会使消费者的实际收入发生变化,同时 使商品的相对价格发生变化。由前者引起的商品需求量的变化为收入效应,由后者引起的商品需求量的变化为替代效应。 13 互补品:如果两种商品必须同时使用才能满足消费者的某一种欲望,则称这两种商品之间存在 着互补关系,这两种商品互为互补品。

14 替代品:如果两种商品之间可以互相代替以满足消费者的某一种欲望,则称这两种商品之间存 在着替代关系,这两种商品互为替代品。 15 生产要素:生产要素是指生产中的各种投入,包括劳动、土地、资本和企业家才能。 16 生产函数:在一的时间内,在技术水平不变的情况下,生产中所使用的各种生产要素的数量与 所能生产的最大产量之间的关系。生产函数可以表示为: ),(K L f Q = 或 )......(,2,1n X X X f Q = 17 边际产量:边际产量是增加一单位可变要素劳动投入量所增加的产量L K L TP MP L L ??=_ ) ,( 18 边际报酬递减规律:对于任何产品的短期生产来说,可变要素投入和固定要素之间都存在着一 个最佳的数量组合比例,在技术水平不变的条件下,在连续地等量地把某一种可变生产要素增加到其他一种或几种数量不变的生产要素上去的过程中,当这种可变生产要素的投入量小于某一特定值时,增加一单位该要素的投入量所带来的边际产量是递增的;当这种可变生产要素的投入量连续增加并超过这个特定值时,增加一单位该要素的投入量所带来的边际产量是递减的。 19 等产量曲线:在技术水平不变的条件下,生产同一产量的所有生产要素的各种不同组合的轨 迹。 20 等斜线:等产量曲线中边际替代率相当点的轨迹 21 等成本线:是在既定的成本和既定的生产要素价格条件下生产者可以购买到的两种生产要素的 各种不同数量组合的轨迹。 22 扩展线:在生产要素的价格、生产技术和其他条件不变时,如果企业改变成本,等成本线就会 发生平移;如果企业改变产量,等产量曲线就会发生平移这些不同的等产量曲线将与不同的等成本线相切,形成一系列不同的生产均衡点,这些生产均衡点的轨迹就是扩展线。 23 机会成本:机会成本指生产者所放弃的使用相同的生产要素在其他生产用途中所能得到的最高 收入。 24 显成本:显成本是指厂商在生产要素市场上购买或租用所需要的生产要素的实际支出。

微观经济学试题库(含答案)

一、单选题(70题) 1. 下列哪一种资源是最不具有稀缺性的() A.医生;B.苹果;C.铁矿石;D.空气; 2. 下列中的哪一个问题是最有可能被微观经济学家所研究的() A. 一般物价的膨胀; B. 整个经济中的失业; C. 总产出的增长率; D. 汽车行业中的劳动就业; 3. 下列中的哪一个属于规范经济问题() A. 通货膨胀和失业是由什么引起的 B. 政府应该雇用所有失业的工人吗 C. 消费者如何对较低的价格做出反应 D. 收入与储蓄之间的关系是什么 4. 经济学有时被称作社会科学的皇后,这是因为:() A.它强调经济增长和经济发展; B. 几乎所有的学生都必须学习经济学; C. 它的边际分析方法广泛应用于其他学科; D. 规范经济学和实证经济学的区别。 5. 经济学家的理性行为假定:() A.仅仅在其提供有效预测的限度内才是有用的。 B.导致错误的理论,因为人们并非总是理性的。 C.只有当所有人都是理性的,才是有用的。 D.不管人们是否为理性的,都是有效的。 6. 微观经济学研究(),宏观经济学研究()。 A.现实的经济问题,抽象的经济理论;B.个量经济,总量经济 C.理性行为,非理性行为;D.企业行为,政府行为 7.经济学可定义为()。 A.政府对市场制度的干预 B.企业赚取利润的活动 C.研究稀缺资源如何有效配置的问题 D.个人的生财之道 8.“资源是稀缺的”是指() A.资源是不可再生的 B.资源必须留给下一代 C.资源终将被耗费殆尽 D.相对于需求而言,资源总是不足的. 9.失业问题如果反映在生产可能性曲线图上,可记为() A.生产可能性曲线内的一点 B.生产可能性曲线上的一点

微观经济学试题及答案

一、填空题(每空 1 分,共20 分) 1.“生产什么”、“如何生产”和“为谁生产”是人类社会所必须解决的基本问题,这三个问题被称为_______问题。 2.需求曲线向左移动是需求_________,向右移动是需求____________。 3.边际效用是指某种物品的消费量每增加一单位所增加的_____________。 4.生产要素是指生产中所使用的各种资源,这些资源可以分为________、________、土地和企业家才能。 5.在完全竞争市场上,平均收益__________边际收益;而在其他市场上,一般是平均收益________边际收益。 6.分配理论是__________理论在分配问题上的应用。 7.公共物品是由集体消费的物品,它的特征是消费的__________和_________。 8.国内生产净值-间接税=_____________。 9.M2=______________+___________。 10.消费函数图中的45°线表示在这条线上任何一点都是____________。 11.货币供给是指_______________。 12.周期性失业又称为___________的失业,是由于_________而引起的短期失业。13.在开放经济中,出口的增加会使均衡的国内生产总值________,贸易收支状况_______。 二、单项选择题:从下列每小题的四个选项中,选出一项正确的,将其标号填在题后的括号内。(每小题 2 分,共20 分) 1.一种商品的需求曲线向右下方倾斜,如果其供给曲线向左移动则会引起:() A。均衡数量增加,均衡价格上升B。均衡数量增加,均衡价格下降 C。均衡数量减少,均衡价格上升D。均衡数量减少,均衡价格下降 2.已知X商品的价格为5元,Y商品的价格为2元。如果消费者从这两种商品的消费中得到最大效用时,商品Y的边际效用为30,那么,此时X商品的边际效用为:() A。60 B。45 C。150 D。75 3.内在经济是指:() A。一个企业在生产规模扩大时由自身内部所引起的产量增加 B。一个企业在生产规模扩大时由自身内部所引起的产量或收益减少 C。一个行业的扩大对其中每个企业带来的产量或收益的增加 D。整个社会经济的发展给一个企业所带来的产量或收益的增加 4.垄断竞争市场上长期均衡的条件是:() A。MR=MC B。MR=MC,AR=AC C。AR=AC D。MR=AC 5.当劳伦斯曲线和绝对平均线所夹面积为零时,基尼系数:() A。等于零B。等于一C。等于无穷大D。无法确定 6.最全面反映经济中物价水平变动的物价指数:() A。消费物价指数B。生产物价指数 C。GDP平减指数D。遗憾指数 7.假如要使经济增长率从5%提高到8%,在储蓄率为20%的条件下,根据哈罗德模型,资本—产量比率应该是:() A。4 B。2。5 C。6 D。5 8.在总需求的构成中,哪一项与物价水平无关:() A。消费需求B。投资需求C。政府需求D。国外的需求 9.在IS曲线不变的情况下,货币量增加会引起:() A。国内生产总值增加,利率下降B。国内生产总值增加,利率上升

微观经济学练习题答案

、单项选择题: 1. 在下列价格弹性的表述中,正确的是: A A . 需求量变动对价格变动的反应程度 B . 价格变动的绝对值对需求量变动的绝对值的影响 C . 价格的变动量除以需求的变动量 D . 需求的变动量除以价格的变动量 2. 已知某商品的收入弹性等于 1.2,则这种商品是: C A . 低档商品 B 必需品 C 奢侈品 D 吉芬商品 3. 已知某商品的收入弹性等于 -0.8,则这种商品是: A 7. 在得出棉花种植农户的供给曲线时,下列除哪一个因素以外其余均保持为常数: D A . 土壤的肥沃 程度 B 技术水平 C . 棉花的种植面积 D 棉花的价格 8. 在某一时期内彩色电视机的需求曲线向左平移的原因是: D B 消费者对彩色电视机的预期价格上升 D 消费者对彩色电视机的预期价格下降 9. 某月内, X 商品的替代品的价格上升和互补品的价格上升,分别引起 X 商品的需求变动量 为 50 单位和 80 单位,则在它们共同作用下该月 A . 增加 30 单位 B C . 增加 130 单位 D 当两种商品中一种商品的价格发生变化时,这两种商 品的需求量都同时增加或减少,则这 两种商品的需求的交叉弹性系数为: B A . 正 B 负 11.需求曲线是一条向 ( A .右下方 B 右上方 12.供给曲线是一条向 ( A .右下方 B 右上方 13.如果货币的效用要大于消费者所购入的商品的效用,要保证效用的最大化,则 C A .停止购买 B 继续购买 C 退掉已经买入的商品 D 大量购买 14.已知一元钱的边际效用为 3 个单位,一支钢笔的边际效用为 36 个单位,则消费者愿意用 ( A) 来买 这支钢笔。 A . 12 元 B 36 元 C 3 元 D 108 元 15.如果生产者的边际收益大于边际成本,生产者应该: B A .停止生产 B 扩大生产 C 维持生产 D 退出生产 16.商品的价格不变而消费者的收入增加,消费可能线: A 微观经济学练习题 A . 低档商品 B 必需品 4. 已知某商品的收入弹性等于 0.6, A . 低档商品 B 必需品 5. 已知某两种商品的交叉弹性等于 A . 独立品 B 替代品 6. 已知某两种商品的交叉弹性等于 A . 独立品 B 替代品 C 奢侈品 D 一般正常品 则这种商品是: B C 奢侈品 D 吉芬商品 -0.4,则这两种商品是: C C 补充品 D 完全替代品 1.8,则这两种商品是: B C 补充品 D 完全替代品 A . 彩色电视机的价格上升 C . 消费者的收入水平提高 X 商品需求数量: C 减少 30 单位 减少 130 单位 10. C ) 倾斜的曲线。 A C 左下方 ) 倾斜的曲线。 B C 左下方

微观经济学期末考试试卷及参考答案

《微观经济学》期末综合测试 一、名词解释题(每小题3分,共15分) 1、机会成本: 2、价格歧视: 3、纳什均衡: 4、恩格尔定律: 5、帕累托最优:

二、单项选择题(每小题1分,共15分) 1、下列的说法中正确的是()。 A.生产要素的边际技术替代率是规模报酬递减规律造成的 B.边际收益递减规律是规模报酬递减规律造成的 C.规模报酬递减是边际收益递减规律造成的 D.生产要素的边际技术替代率递减是边际收益递减规律造成的 2、按照古诺模型,下列哪一说法不正确。() A.双头垄断者没有认识到他们的相互依赖性 B.每个双头垄断商都假定对方保持产量不变 C.每个双头垄断者假定对方价格保持不变 D.均衡的结果是稳定的 3、相对于市场分配而言,下列哪一种情况减少了收入或财产分配的不平等状况。() A.政府向穷人的转移支付 B.累退所得税 C.大量的遗产 D.婚姻的门当户对 4、下列命题中哪一个是规经济学的命题。() A.征税对中等收入家庭是不公平的 B. 1982年8月政府把贴现率降到10% C. 1981年失业率超过9% D.社会保险税的课税依据现已超过30000美元 5、已知消费者收入是100元,商品X的价格是10元,Y的价格是3元,假定他打算购买7单位X和10单位Y,这时商品X和Y的边际

效用分别为50和18。如果要获得最大效用,他应该()。 A.增加X购买,同时减少Y的购买 B.增加X购买,同时增加Y的购买 C.减少X购买,同时增加Y的购买 D.减少X购买,同时减少Y的购买 6、某厂商每年从企业的总收入中取出一部分作为自己所提供的生产要素的报酬,这部分资金被视为()。 A. 显成本 B. 隐成本 C. 会计成本 D. 经济利润 7、在囚犯的两难选择中,()。 A.双方独立依照自身利益行事,导致最好的结果 B.双方进行合作,得到了最好的结果 C.双方独立依照自身利益行事,导致最不利的局面 D.以上说法均不正确 8、基尼系数的增大将表明()。 A.收入不平均程度的增加 B.收入不平均程度的减少C.洛伦兹曲线与横轴重合 D.洛伦兹曲线与纵轴重合 9、如果上游工厂污染了下游居民的饮水,按科斯定理问题即可妥善解决。() A.不管财产权是否明确,只要交易成本为零 B.只要财产权明确,且交易成本为零 C.只要财产权明确,不管交易成本有多大

微观经济学典型习题及参考答案

微观经济学典型习题及参 考答案 Prepared on 22 November 2020

微观经济学练习题一 一、判断题 1.微观经济学研究的是个量经济问题。() 2.序数效用论分析消费者均衡运用的是边际效用分析方法。() 3.吉芬物品的需求曲线是“倒”需求曲线(价格与需求同向变化)。() 4.市场均衡状态是供给与需求相等的状态。() 5.离原点约远的无差异曲线,代表的效用水平越低。() 6.微观经济学中,生产者的目标是效用最大化。() 7.生产函数为Q = 0.5L0.6K0.5时,厂商处于规模报酬不变的状态。() 8.厂商短期生产的第三阶段是劳动的边际产量(报酬)为负的阶段。() 9.短期成本变动的决定因素是:边际收益递减规律。() 10.外在不经济会使企业的LAC向上方移动。() 11.面临两条需求曲线的是寡头厂商。() 12.斯威齐模型又被称为“拐折的需求曲线模型”。() 13.完全竞争厂商对要素(以劳动为例)的需求原则是:VMP = W 。() 14.存在帕累托改进的资源配置状态也可能是资源配置的帕累托最优状态。()15.不具有排他性和竞用性的物品叫做公共资源。() 二、单项选择题 1.经济学的基本问题是:() A.个体经济单位 B.社会福利 C.利润最大化 D.资源稀缺性 2.墨盒的价格上升会使打印机的需求:() A.不变 B.上升 C.下降 D.不能确定 3.需求曲线右移,表示在同一价格水平下供给() A.增加 B.减少 C.不变 D.不能确定收入增加的同时, 4.以下关于价格管制说法不正确的是:() A.限制价格总是低于市场的均衡价格 B.支持价格总是高于市场均衡价格 C.只要价格放开,商品的供给就会增加 D.对农产品而言,为防止“谷贱伤农”,可使用支持价格的策略 5.商品在消费者支出中所占的比重越高,则商品的需求弹性() A.越小 B.越大 C.与之无关 D.不确定有无关联 6.需求缺乏弹性的商品()会增加销售收入 A.提高价格 B.降低价格 C.提价和降价都 D.提价和降价都不会 7.离原点越远的等产量曲线代表的产量水平() A.越不能达到 B.越不能确定 C.越低 D.越高 8.边际产量(报酬)递增的阶段,往往对应的是厂商()的阶段 A.规模报酬递减 B.规模报酬递增 C.规模报酬不变 D.规模报酬如何不能判断

微观经济学复习题及答案

《微观经济学》复习题 一、单项选择题: 1、原油价格升高时,产油国会增加它们的原油产量,这一现象说明了( B )。 A.需求规律 B.供给规律 C.供给变化 D.供给弹性 2、张某对面包的需求表示( C )。 A.张某买了面包 B.张某没有买面包,而买了煎饼 C.面包卖每个1元时,张某准备用现有的收入买4个,而每个为2元时,准备买1个 D.张某准备买10个,但钱没带够 3、假定商品x和商品y的需求交叉弹性是—2,则( A )。 A x 和y是互补品 B x 和y是替代品 C x和y是正常商品 D x 和 y 是劣质品。 4、以下几种情况中,( B )项是需求规律的例外。 A.某商品价格上升,另一商品需求量也上升; B.某商品价格上升,需求量也上升 C.消费者收入增加,对某商品的需求增加; D.某商品价格上升,另一商品需求量下降 5、某劣质商品的价格下降,在其他情况不变时( C )。 A.替代效应和收入效应相互加强导致该商品需求量增加; B.替代效应和收入效应相互驾轻就熟导致该商品需求量减少; C.替代效应倾向于增加该商品的需求量,而收入效应倾向于减少其需求量; D.替代效应倾向于减少该商品的需求量,而收入效应倾向于增加其需求量。 6、某企业发现,在现有的技术条件下,劳动与资本的边际产量之比高于劳动和资本的价格之比,说明( C )。 A.该企业只要愿意多投入成本就可能取得更多的产量 B.只要资本的价格下降,以同样的成本就可以取得更多的产量 C.以同样的成本增加劳动的投入,减少资本的投入,就可以取得更多的产量 D.以同样的成本减少劳动的投入,增加资本的投入,就可以取得更多的产量 7、在完全竞争的市场中,行业的长期供给曲线取决于( C )。 A.SAC曲线最低点的轨迹;B.SMC曲线最低点的轨迹; C.LAC曲线最低点的轨迹; D.LMC曲线最低点的轨迹。 8、假如一个完全竞争厂商的收益不能弥补可变成本,为了减少损失,它应该( D )。 A.减少生产 B.增加生产 C.提高价格 D.停止生产 9、下列哪一项不是完全竞争的假定( D )。 A、供给者的数量足够多以至没有一个生产者具有可见影响的产量,所有的需求者和供给者都是价格的接受者; B、所有的消费者掌握着完全的信息; C、所有厂商在市场上出售的商品是同质的; D、每个厂商都面临着一条向右下方倾斜的需求曲线。 10、对应于边际报酬递增阶段,STC曲线( A )。 A.以递增的速率上升; B.以递增的速率下降; C.以递减的速率上升; D.以递减的速率下降 11、产品X从100元降到90元,引起需求量从50公斤增加到60公斤,由此可得出( A )。

微观经济学期末考试试题含有答案

《微观经济学》试题班级姓名学号成绩 一、选择题(共30 ) 1、若其他条件不变,某商品价格上升10%,能使买者总支出增加4%,则这种情况下商品 的需求价格弹性:(B) A. 大于1; B. 等于; C. 小于1; D. 等于 2、无差异曲线上任一点上两种商品的边际替代率等于两种商品的:( C) A.价格之比; B.数量之比; C.边际效用之比; D.边际成本之比。 3、已知消费者收入是100元,商品X的价格是10元,Y的价格是3元。假定他打算购买 7单位X和10单Y,这时商品X和Y的边际效用分别是50和18。如要获得最大效用,他应该: A.增加X购买,同时减少Y的购买; B. 同时增加X和Y的购买; C.减少X购买,同时增加Y的购买; D. 同时减少X和Y的购买 4、边际成本低于平均成本时:(B) A.平均成本上升; B.平均可变成本可能上升也可能下降; C.总成本下降; D.平均可变成本上升。 5、完全竞争条件下,在达到行业长期均衡时,每个厂商:(D) A. 只能获得正常利润; B. 能够获得超额利润; C. 可能会亏损; D. 以上三种情况都可能存在。 6、在完全竞争的产品市场中,厂商短期供给曲线是指: A.AVC?MC中的那部分AVC曲线; B.AC?MC中的那部分AC曲线; C.MC?AVC中的那部分MC曲线; D.MC?AC中的那部分MC曲线。

7、在垄断竞争市场中: A.只有数目很少的几个厂商生产有差异的产品; B.有许多厂商生产同质产品; C. 只有数目很少的厂商生产同质的产品; D. 有许多厂商生产有差异的产品。 8、其他条件不变,如果工资率提高,替代效应将使单个居民: A.同时减少劳动和休闲; B.增加劳动,减少休闲; C.增加休闲,减少劳动; D.同时增加劳动和休闲。 9、右图是一个厂商的长期平均成本,假设要素同比例变化, BC段表示规模报酬: 10 A 11、要获得同样的产出量,如果厂商增加第5单位资本使用量的同时需要减少5单位劳动 使用量,则增加第6单位资本可替代的劳动数量: A. 等于1; B. 小于5; C. 小于1; D. 大于5。 12、某企业使用劳动一种可变要素,如果该企业生产的产品价格上升(完全竞争的产品市 场),将引起: A.该企业每一单位劳动的边际产品价值增加 B.企业所用的劳动投入量减少 C.该企业每一单位劳动的边际产量减少 D.企业产量减少 13、下列哪种情况企业正好有正常利润? A. 总收益大于总成本; B. 总收益等于总成本; C. 总收益小于总成本; D. 边际收益等于边际成本。 14、微观经济学中短期与长期的划分取决于: A.时间长短; B. 企业可否调整生产规模; C.企业可否调整产品价格; D.企业可否调整产量。 15、属于垄断企业实行三级价格差别的情况是: A.将产品定三种不同的价格; B. 按产品使用量多少收取不同价格; C.在分割的市场上分别实行不同的价格; D.同样的产品收取不同的价格。 二、名词解释(共15分)

微观经济学习题及答案

复习思考题 第1章 绪 论 1.简述微观经济学与宏观经济学的区别与联系。 2.经济模型应该准确地描述现实世界吗? 3.实证分析与规范分析的区别是什么? 4.市场与行业的区别是什么? 第2章 供给和需求的基本原理 1.在下列各种情形下,啤酒的市场价格将如何变动? (1)啤酒生产原料价格上涨; (2)消费者收入普遍提高; (3)啤酒业进行大规模的广告宣传; (4)凉夏。 2.假设一个封闭的岛国遭受了大海啸的袭击,造成大面积农田被毁坏,但所幸的是只有很少一部分居民死亡。请画图分析大海啸发生前后该国粮食市场均衡价格和数量的变化。 3.有人说,气候不好对农民不利,因为农业要歉收;但也有人说,气候不好对农民有利,因为农业歉收后谷物会涨价,农民因此而增收。试利用所学的经济学原理对这两种说法给予评价。 4.刘先生决定总是把他的收入的一个固定比例(1/a )用于购买食品。请计算他对食品的需求价格弹性和需求收入弹性。 5.已知某一时期内某商品的需求函数为P Q d 550-=,供给函数为P Q s 510+-=。 (1)求均衡价格e P 和均衡数量e Q ,并作出几何图形; (2)假定供给函数不变,由于消费者收入水平提高,使需求函数变为P Q d 560-=. 求出相应的均衡价格e P 和均衡数量e Q ,并作出几何图形。 (3)假定需求函数不变,由于生产技术水平提高,供给函数变为P Q s 55+-=.求出相应的均衡价格e P 和均衡数量e Q ,并作出几何图形。 6. 2006年3月1日,中国发改委等四部门联合发布通知,确定了2006年白小麦的最低收购价格为每50公斤72元。请画图分析这种最低收购价格措施如何影响市场结果。

微观经济学复习题汇总

第一章导论 一、基本概念: 1.资源的稀缺性 2.机会成本 3.生产可能性边界 4.微观经济学和宏观经济学 5.实证经济学和规范经济学 二、选择题: 1.经济学可以定义为( )。 A 政府对市场的调控 B 企业赚取利润的活动 C 研究对稀缺资源诸多用途的最合理配置 D 个人的生财之道 2.资源的“稀缺”是指( )。 A 资源具有不可再生性 B 相对于资源的需求而言,资源总是不足的 C 资源必须保留给下一代 D 世界上资源最终将消耗光 3.经济物品是指( )。 A 物美价廉的物品 B 稀缺的物品 C 要用钱购买的物品 D 有用且稀缺的物品 4.一国生产可能性曲线以内的一点表示( )。 A 通货膨胀 B 失业或者说资源没有被充分利用 C 该国可利用的资源减少以及技术水平降低 D 一种生产品最适度水平 5.生产可能性曲线说明的基本原理是( )。 A 一国资源总能被充分利用 y物品生产才能增加x物品的生产B 假定所有经济资源能得到充分利用,则只有减少 C 改进技术引起生产可能性曲线向内移动 D 经济能力增长惟一决定于劳动力数量 6.下列哪一项会导致一国生产可能性曲线的外移?() A 股市持续走强B通货膨胀 C 有用资源被发掘或技术进步D消费品生产增加,资本品生产下降. 7.经济学研究的基本问题是( )。 A 怎样生产 B 生产什么,生产多少 C 为谁生产 D 以上都包括 8.下列命中哪一个不是实证经济学命题?( ) A政府把贴现率降到6.6% B今年国家失业率不超过10%

C 男女应该同工同酬 D 个人所得税是实行综合与分类相结合的个人所得税制 9.某大学毕业生辞去年薪5万元的工作,取出10万元积蓄,自主创业,已知定期存款年利率为3%。不考虑商业风险则该生按年计算的机会成本为( )。 A 5.3万元 B 5万元 C 0.3万元 D 15.3万元 10.经济均衡是指( )。 A 经济行为和经济状态在一定条件下不再改变 B 无论发生什么情况,这种状态都不变化 C 一种理想状态,现实中并不存在 D 规范分析中才使用的范畴 三、判断题: 1.稀缺资源的有效配置要求生产的产品越多越好。() 2.规范方法就是抓住主要的因素,建立抽象的理论结构,赋予经常发生的经济现象一种理论上的意义,以此概括复杂的经济现象。() 3.“石油公司获得了超额利润,它们应该上缴额外利润税”这是规范分析。() 4.比较静态分析是从时间序列角度对经济现象的分析。() 5.一般均衡是对全部产品同时达到市场均衡状态的分析。() 6.经济人假设意味着我们每个人在任何场合下都是自私自利的。() 7.微观经济学认为,通过竞争性市场制度的安排,可以将人们的利己之心引导到资源配置的最优状态。() 四、问答题 1.实证经济学与规范经济学各自的特点是什么?相互关系如何? 2.微观经济学为什么又叫价格理论? 参考答案 一、基本概念: 1.资源的稀缺性:相对于人类无穷无尽的欲望而言,资源总是稀缺的。 2. 机会成本:是指为了得到某种东西而放弃的另一种东西所带来的最大收益。使用一种资源的机会成本是指把该资源投入某一特定用途以后所放弃的在其他用途中所能获得的最大收益。 3.生产可能性边界:表示一个经济社会在可得到的生产要素与生产技术既定时所能生产的各种产量的组合图形。 4.微观经济学和宏观经济学:前者是以单个经济单位(厂商、居民、政府)为研究对象,通过研究单个经济单位的经济行为和相应的经济变量单项数值的决定来说明价格机制如何解决社会资源的配置问题。后者是以整个国民经济为研究对象,通过研究经济中各有关总量的决定及其变化,来说明资源如何才能得充分利用。 6.实证经济学和规范经济学:实证经济学试图超脱、排除一切价值判断,只研究经济本身的内在规

微观经济学考试题答案--终极

1.论述你对规范分析与实证分析的理解? 答: 第一,是否以一定的价值判断为依据,是实证经济学与规范经济学的重要区别之一。 第二,实证经济学与规范经济学要解决的问题不同。实证经济学要解决“是什么、为什么”的问题,即要确认事实本身,及其客观规律与内在逻辑。规范经济学要解决“它应该是什么”的问题,即要说明事物本身是好还是坏,是否符合某种价值判断,或者对社会有什么意义。 第三,实证经济学的内容具有客观性,它所得出的结论可以根据事实来进行检验。规范经济学的内容则没有客观性、它所得出的结论要受到不同阶值观的影响。不同阶级地位,具有不同价值判断标准的人,对同一事物的好坏会作出绝对相反的评价,谁是谁非没有什么绝对标准,从而也就无法进行检验。 第四,实证经济学与规范经济学尽管有上述三点差异,但它们也并不是绝对互相排斥的。规范经济学要以实证经济学为基础而实证经济学也离不开规范经济学的指导。一般来说,越是具体的问题,实证的成分越多;而越是高层次、带有决策性的问题,越具有规范性。 实证分析就是分析经济问题“是什么”的研究方法.。侧重研究经济体系如何运行,分析经济活动的过程、后果及向什么方向发展,而不考虑运行的结果是否可取。实证分析法在一定的假定及考虑有关经济变量之间因果关系的前提下,描述、解释或说明已观察到的事实,对有关现象将会出现的情况做出预测。客观事实是检验由实证分析法得出结论的标准。 规范分析法是研究经济运行“应该是什么”的研究方法。这种方法主要依据一定的价值判断和社会目标,来探讨达到这种价值判断和社会目标的步骤。 现代西方经济学认为实证分析和规范分析是相对的而非绝对的。具体的经济分析都不可能离开人的行为。在实证分析法中,关于人的行为的社会认识是其分析的基础,完全的客观主义是不存在的。从经济理论发展的历史来看,“除少数经济学家主张经济学像自然科学一样的纯实证分析以外,基本一致认为经济学既是实证的科学,又是规范的科学,因为提出什么问题来进行研究,采用什么方法来研究,突出强调那些因素,实际上涉及到个人的价值判断问题”。 例如: 1、“70年代世界油价暴涨主要是由垄断力量达成的。”这句话就是比较客观的,是一个人通过经济模型得出来的结果,你无可辩驳,这就是实证分析 2、“效率比平等更重要”。世界上没有一个经济定理这样说,有的人会认为效率重要,而平均主义者会认为平等更重要。这就带有主观评价,这就是规范分析。 2.综述新古典微观经济学的基本框架? 答:新古典微观经济学的基本框架,用图形表示为: 对新古典微观经济学的基本框架具体解释如下: 1.消费者行为理论:

微观经济学试题及答案(4)演示教学

微观经济学模拟试题 五、作图说明题( 6 分)利用图说明厂商在既定产量条件下是如何实现最小成本的最优要素组合的。 六、简答题(每小题 6 分,共12 分) 1 .简述边际效用递减规律并举例说明。 2 .简述消费者的要素供给原则。 七、论述题(共13 分)论述市场失灵的原因及其解决办法。 《微观经济》模拟试题B答案 五、 用等产量线和等成本线为工具进行分析 要点:(1)只有一条等产量线,有三条等成本线;(2)厂商实现既定产量条件下成本最小化的均衡条件是MRTS LK =MP L /MP K =w/r 六、答案要点: 1 、边际效用递减规律是指在一定时间内,在其他商品的消费数量保持不变的条件下,随着消费者对某种商品消费 量的增加,消费者从该商品连续增加的每一消费单位中所得到的效用增量即边际效用是递减的。(具体举例略) 2 、(1)要素供给者遵循的是效用最大化原则,即作为“要素供给”的资源的边际效用要与作为“保留自用”的资源的边 际效用相等;(2)要素供给的边际效用等于要素供给的边际收入与收入的边际效用的乘积;(3)自用资源的边际效用是效用增量与自用资源增量之比的极限值,既增加一单位自用资源所带来的效用增量。七、答案要点: 市场失灵是指市场机制在很多场合不能使资源达到最优配置,是自由的市场均衡偏离帕累托最优的一种情况,造成 市场失灵的主要情况有垄断、外部性、公共物品、不完全信息:(1)垄断 垄断厂商定价会大于边际成本,而不像完全竞争厂商那样把生产进行到长期平均成本最低时才达到长期均衡,结果 使生产资源不能达到最佳利用,损失了社会福利,出现低效率的资源配置状态。 解决办法:政府实施反垄断法、放松市场准入等政策措施对垄断加以限制;对自然垄断部门尤其是公用事业部门进 行定价管制。(2)外部性 外部性是指某人的经济活动给第三者或社会造成的影响,而又未将这些影响计入市场交易的成本和收益之中,使私 人活动水平低于或高于社会要求的最优水平,导致资源配置偏离帕累托最优。 解决办法:对造成外部经济的企业补贴,对外部不经济的企业征税;企业合并使外部效应内部化;规定财产权。(3)公共物品 公共物品的特点是非排他性、非竞争性,决定了单个消费者享用公共物品时都想“搭便车”,导致公共物品低于最优 数量的产出,甚至是零产出。 解决办法:公共物品只能由政府来提供,政府根据成本——收益分析作出决策。(4)不完全信息 不完全信息指市场上供求双方掌握的信息是不完全、不对称的。信息不完全会破坏市场效率,产生逆向选择、道德 风险、委托——代理问题。 解决办法:政府要进行信息调控、增加市场透明度,以保证消费者、生产者得到正确充分的市场信息。

微观经济学题库含答案

第一章引论 一、单选题(70 题) 1. 下列哪一种资源是最不具有稀缺性的? () A ?医生; B ?苹果; C ?铁矿石; D ?空气; 2. 下列中的哪一个问题是最有可能被微观经济学家所研究的? () A. 一般物价的膨胀; B. 整个经济中的失业; C. 总产出的增长率; D. 汽车行业中的劳动就业; 3. 下列中的哪一个属于规范经济问题? () A. 通货膨胀和失业是由什么引起的? B. 政府应该雇用所有失业的工人吗? C. 消费者如何对较低的价格做出反应? D. 收入与储蓄之间的关系是什么? 4. 经济学有时被称作社会科学的皇后,这是因为:() A. 它强调经济增长和经济发展; B.几乎所有的学生都必须学习经济学; C. 它的边际分析方法广泛应用于其他学科; D. 规范经济学和实证经济学的区别。 5. 经济学家的理性行为假定:() A. 仅仅在其提供有效预测的限度内才是有用的。 B. 导致错误的理论,因为人们并非总是理性的。 C. 只有当所有人都是理性的,才是有用的。 D. 不管人们是否为理性的,都是有效的。 6. 微观经济学研究(),宏观经济学研究() A ?现实的经济问题,抽象的经济理论; C ?理性行为,非理性行为;7.经济学可定义为()。 A ?政府对市场制度的干预 C.研究稀缺资源如何有效配置的问题8.“资源是稀缺的”是指() B ?个量经济,总量经济D ?企业行为,政府行为 B.企业赚取利润的活动D.个人的生财之道 A ?资源是不可再生的 B.资源必须留给下一代 C.资源终将被耗费殆尽 D.相对于需求而言,资源总是不足的. 9.失业问题如果反映在生产可能性曲线图上,可记为()

微观经济学复习题答案

1、阐述均衡价格的决定和变动。 均衡价格是由需求和供给决定的。 当需求变大,供给不变时,均衡价格提高; 当需求不变,供给变大时,均衡价格降低。 当两者同时变化时:需求增加的量大于供给增加的量时,均衡价格提高; 需求增加的量小于供给增加的量时,均衡价格降低。 2、供求定理的主要内容。 (1)如果供给不变 需求增加则使需求曲线向右上方移动,均衡价格上升,均衡数量增加;需求减少则使需求曲线向左下方移动,均衡价格下降,均衡数量减少。 (2)如果需求不变 供给增加供给曲线向右下方移动,均衡价格下降,均衡数量增加。供给减少供给曲线向左上方移动,均衡价格上升,均衡数量减少。 需求的变动引起均衡价格与均衡数量同方向变动。 供给的变动引起均衡价格反方向变动,均衡数量同方向变动。 3、请用需求弹性理论简要分析“薄利多销”的含义 需求弹性简单说就是价格提高一定百分比,消费者相应的需求量的变化。“薄利多销”是指当商品的价格下降时,消费者的需求量会大增,利润=销售收入-销售成本,销售收入=单价*数量,当价格下降时,数量增加,而且增加后的销售收入大于降价前的销售收入,所以会有“薄利多销”的现象。4、试运用均衡价格原理和弹性理论说明“谷贱伤民”的道理。需求弹性理论:弹性理论正是要说明价格的变动比率和需求量的变动比率之间的关系。需求价格弹性是指某商品的需求量(对企业来说是销售量)变动率与其价格变动率之比。它反映了商品需求量对其价格变动反应的灵敏程度。 某种商品的价格变动时,它的需求弹性的大小与价格变动所引起总收益的变动情况是密切相关的。这是因为总收益等

于价格乘销售量,价格的变动引起了需求量的变动,从而就引起了销售量的变动。不同商品的需求弹性是不同的,所以价格变动引起的销售量的变动是不同的,总收益的变动也就不同。 如果某商品的需求是富有弹性的: 当该商品价格下降时,需求量增加的幅度大于价格下降的幅度,从而总收益会增加; 当商品价格上升时,需求量减少的幅度大于价格上升的幅度,从而总收益会减少。 “谷贱伤农”,意思是丰收了,由于粮价的下跌,农民的收入减少。其原因就在于粮食是生活必需品,需求价格弹性小。也就是说,人们不因为粮食便宜而多吃粮食,由于丰收了而造成粮价下跌,并不会使需求量同比例的增加,从而总收益减少,农民蒙受损失。不仅如此,粮食是生活必需品,需求收入弹性也小,也就是说,人们收入提高了并不因此而增加粮食的消费。 “谷贱伤农”是指当谷物产量大增时,受需求、供给曲线的影响,谷物的价格会大幅度下降,价格对供给量的敏感度较高,从而使农民收入减少的现象,《多收了三五斗米》讲的就是这个。 5、需求的价格弹性的大小与厂商的销售收入之间的关系。厂商的销售收入(总收益,总收入)就是厂商出售一定量商品所得到的全部收入。ed>1,降价会增加销售收入,涨价会减少销售收入,即价格与销售收入成反向变动。ed<1,降价会减少销售收入,涨价会增加销售收入,即价格与销售收入成同向变动。ed=1,价格变动对销售收入没有影响。两种特殊情况: ed=∞,由于在既定价格下收益可以无限增加,厂商因而不会降价,涨价会使销售收入减少为零。 ed=0,价格变动会使销售收入同比例同向变动。 6、请解释亚当--斯密提出的“价值之谜”,即:水的使用价值很大,而交换价值却价值很小;钻石的使用价值很小,而交换价值很大

微观经济学试题库(带答案)

《微观经济学》习题集 第一章导论 一、判断 1.以萨缪尔森为首的新古典综合派把经济学分为微观经济学和宏观经济学。∨ 二、选择题 3.21世纪30年代,西方经济学经历的第二次修改和补充ACD A.出现于1936 年B.涉及垄断问题 C.代表人物是凯恩斯D.为国家干预经济生活奠定了理论基础 三、简答题 1.什么是西方经济学? 2.试述西方经济学企图解决的两个问题及两重属性。 第二章需求和供给曲线概述以及有关的基本概念 一、解释概念 均衡价格需求需求价格弹性比较静态分析需求收入弹性供给 二、判断 1.价格分析是微观经济学分析的核心。∨ 2.微观经济学的研究对象是包括单个消费者、单个生产者、单个市场在内的个体经济单位。∨ 3.若某商品的需求价格弹Ed =0.6,卖者提高价格肯定增加销售收入。∨ 4.需求缺乏弹性的商品的价格与销售收入呈同方向变动关系。∨ 5.需求的变动是指商品本身价格变动所引起的该商品的需求数量的变动。×

6.当消费者的收入发生变化时,会引起需求曲线的移动。∨ 7.Ed>1的商品,降低价格会增加厂商的销售收入。∨ 8.若某商品的Ed<1,表明当该商品价格下降20% 时,该商品需求量减少小于20%。×9.卖者提高价格肯定会增加销售收入。× 10.在几何图形上,供给量的变动表现为商品的价格-供给量组合点沿着同一条既定的供给曲线运动。∨ 11.在几何图形上,需求的变动表现为商品的价格-需求量组合点沿着同一条既定的需求曲线运动。× 12.当两种商品中一种商品的价格发生变动时,这两种商品的需求量都同时增加或减少,则这两种商品的需求交叉价格弹性系数为正。× 13.某商品的可替代品越多,相近程度越高,则该商品需求弹性往往就越大。∨ 14.商品用途越广,需求价格弹性就可能越大。∨ 15.任何情况下商品的需求量与价格都是反方向变化的。× 16.当对农产品的需求缺乏弹性时,粮食丰收,粮价下跌,农民收入反而会减少。∨ 17.如果两种商品具有替代关系,则相应的需求交叉价格弹性系数为负。× 三、选择题 1.微观经济学的基本假设前提是C A.完全信息的假设B.完全竞争的假设 C.合乎理性的人的假设D.边际效用递减的假设 2.微观经济学所要论证的根本思想或目的是C A.一般均衡论B.“看不见的手”的原理 C.整个资本主义经济可以实现有效率的资源配置

微观经济学试卷及答案

微观经济学试卷一 一、单项选择题(每题2分,共30分) 1.资源稀缺是指()。 A.世界上大多数人处于贫困之中B.相对于人们的欲望而言,资源是不足的 C.资源要保留给我们的未来D.资源最终会被耗光 2.已知某商品的需求函数和供给函数分别为:QD=14-3P,QS=2+6P,该商品的均衡价格是()。A.4/3 B.4/5 C.2/5 D.5/2 3.总效用曲线达到顶点时() A.边际效用曲线达到最大点B.边际效用为零 C.边际效用为正D.边际效用为负 4.假定某企业全部成本函数为TC=30000+5Q-Q2,Q为产出数量。那么TVC为()A.30000 B.5Q-Q2 C.5-Q D.30000/Q 5.生产要素的需求曲线之所以向右下方倾斜,是因为() A.要素的边际产品价值递减B.要素生产的产品的边际效用递减 C.要素参加生产的规模报酬递减D.以上均不正确 6.在完全竞争市场上() A.产品有差别B.产品无差别C.有的有差别,有的无差别D.以上说法都对7.完全竞争市场的厂商短期供给曲线是指() A.A VC >SMC中的那部分A VC曲线B.AC > SMC中的那部分AC曲线 C.SMC≥A VC那部分SMC曲线D.SMC≥AC那部分SMC曲线 8.已知一元钱的边际效用为3个单位,一支钢笔的边际效用为36个单位,则消费者愿意花()购买这支钢笔A.12元B.36元C.3元D.108元 9.一般来说,香烟的蛛网形状是() A.收敛型B.发散型C.封闭型D.不确定 10.已知X、Y两种商品的交叉弹性为1.8,则这两种商品为 A.独立品B.替代品C.补充品D.不能确定 11.如果商品的需求弹性为0.6供给弹性为1.5,则销售税() A.主要由消费者承担B.主要由生产者负担 C.由生产者和消费者均等地负担D.全部由生产者负担 12.某旅游景点,对一般参观者门票为50元,对中小学生门票为25元,这种价格策略为( )。A.一级差别价格B.二级差别价格C.三级差别价格D.无差别价格13.当X商品的价格下降时,替代效应=+2,收入效应=-1,则该商品很可能是()。A.正常商品B.一般低档商品C.吉芬商品D.奢侈品 14.已知某商品的需求量增加80%,而同期消费者的收入却增加了40%,则该商品很可能是()。A.必需品B.奢侈品C.一般低档商品D.吉芬商品15.已知某商品的需求价格弹性为1.2,供给价格弹性为1,则价格波动形成的蛛网形状是()。A.收敛型B.发散型C.封闭型D.不能确定 二、名词解释(每题5分,共40分) 1.需求的价格弹性(Price elasticity of demand) 2.边际效用(Marginal Utility) 3.消费者均衡(Consumer`s equilibrium) 4.无差异曲线(Indifference curve) 5.吉芬物品(Giffen good)

相关主题