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四级题训练

四级题训练
四级题训练

Baekeland and Hartmann report that the “short sleepers” had been more or less a verage in their sleep needs until the men were in their teens. But at about age 15 or so, t he men voluntarily began cutting down their nightly sleep time because of pressures fro m school, work, and other activities. These men tended to view their nightly periods of unconsciousness as bothersome interruptions in their daily routines.

In general, these “short sleeps” appeared ambitious, active, energetic, cheerful, co nformistin their opinions, and very sure about their career choices. They often held sev eral jobs at once, or workers full-or part-time while going to school. And many of them h ad a strong urge to appear “normal” or “acceptable” to their friends and associates.

When asked to recall their dreams, the “short sleepers” did poorly. More than this, they seemed to prefer not remembering. In similar fashion, their usual way of dealing w ith psychological problems was to deny that the problem existed, and then to keep busy in the hope that the trouble would go away.

The sleep patterns of the “short sleepers” were similar to, but less extreme than, sl eep patterns shown by many mental patients categorized as manic. The “long sleepers” were quite different indeed. Baekeland and Hartmann report that these young men had been lengthy sleeps since childhood. They seemed to enjoy their sleep, protected it, and were quite concerned when they were occasionally deprived of their desired 9 hours of nightly bed rest. They tended to recall their dreams much better than did the “short sle epers.”

Many of the “long sleepers” were shy, anxious, introverted , inhibited, passive, mild ly depressed, and unsure of themselves (particularly in social situations). Several openl y states that sleep was an escape from their daily problems.

1. According to the report,______.

A) many short sleepers need less sleep by nature

B) many short sleepers are obliged to reduce their nightly sleep time because they are busy with their work

C) long sleepers sleep a longer period of time during the day

D) many long sleepers preserve their sleeping habit formed during their childhood

2. Many “short sleepers” are likely to hold the view that _____.

A) sleep is a withdrawal from the reality

B) sleep interferes with their sound judgement

C) sleep is the least expensive item on their routine program

D) sleep is the best way to deal with psychological troubles

3. It is stated in the third paragraph that short sleepers _____.

A) are ideally vigorous even under the pressures of life

B) often neglect the consequences of inadequate sleep

C) do not know how to relax properly

D) are more unlikely to run into mental problems

4. When sometimes they cannot enjoy adequate sleep, the long sleepers might ____.

A) appear disturbed B) become energetic

C) feel dissatisfied D) be extremely depressed

5. Which of the following is Not included in the passage?

A) If one sleeps inadequately, his performance suffers and his memory is weakened

B) The sleep patterns of short sleepers are exactly the sane as those shown by man y mental patients

C) Long and short sleepers differ in their attitudes towards sleep

D) Short sleepers would be better off with more rest

Upon reaching an appropriate age (usually between 18 and 21 years), children ar e encouraged, but not forced, to “leave the nest” and begin an independent life. After chi ldren leave home they often find social relationship and financial support outside the fa mily. Parents do not arrange marriages for their children, nor do children usually ask p ermission of their parents to get married, Romantic love is most often the basis for mar riage in the United States; young adults meet their future spouses through other friend s, at jobs, and in organizations and religious institutions, Although children choose thei r own spouses, they still hope their parents will approve of their choices. In many famili es, parents feel that children should make major life decisions by themselves. A parent may try to influence a child to follow a particular profession but the child is free to choo se another career. Sometimes children do precisely the opposite of what their parents w ish in order to assert their independence. A son may deliberately decide not to go into h is father’s business because of a fear that he will lose his autonomy in his father’s work place. This independence from parents is not an indication that parents and children do not love each other. Strong love between parents and children is universal and this is n o exception in the American family Coexisting with such love in the American family are cultural values of self – reliance and independence.

1. The writer discusses the marriage of young adults in order to show which of the f ollowing?

A) They enjoy the freedom of choosing their spouses.

B) They want to win the permission of their parents.

C) They have a strong desire to become independent.

D) They want to challenge the authority of their parents.

2. Most young adults in the U.S. get married for the sake of ____.

A) love B) financial concern C) their parents D) family background

3. Based on the passage, it can be assumed that ______.

A) American young adults are likely to follow the suit of their parents

B) most American people never make major decisions for their children

C) American young adults possess cultural values of independence

D) once a young person steps into his twenties, he will leave his home permanently

4. A son is unwilling to work in his father’s business mainly because _____.

A) he wishes to make full use of what he has learnt in school

B) he wants to prove his independence

C) he wishes to do the opposite of what his parents approve of

D) he wants to show his love for his parents

5. The subject matter of this selection is _____.

A) family values B) marriage arrangements

C) the pursuit of a career D) decision making

Now let us look at how we read. When we read a printed text, our eyes move across a page in short, jerky movement. We recognize words usually when our eyes are still w hen they fixate. Each time they fixate, we see a group of words. This is known as the reco gnition span or the visual span. The length of time ofr which the eyes stop ---the duratio n of the fixation ----varies considerably from person to person. It also vaies within any o ne person according to his purpose in reading and his familiarity with the text. Further more, it can be affected by such factors as lighting and tiredness.

Unfortunately, in the past, many reading improvement courses have concentrated too much on how our eyes move across the printed page. As a result of this misleading e mphasis on the purely visual aspects of reading, numerous exercises have been devised to train the eyes to see more words at one fixation. For instance, in some exercises, word s are flashed on to a screen for, say, a tenth or a twentieth of a second. One of the exercis es has required students to fix their eyes on some central point, taking in the words on either side. Such word patterns are often constructed in the shape of rather steep pyra mids so the reader takes in more and more words at each successive fixation. All these e xercises are very clever, but it’s one thing to improve a person’s ability to see words and quite another thing to improve his ability to read a text efficiently. Reading requires the ability to understandthe relationship between words. Consequently, for these reasons, many experts have now begun to question the usefulness of eye training, especially sinc e any approach which trains a person to read isolated words and phrases would seem u nlikely to help him in reading a continuous text.

Q: 1. The time of the recognition span can be affected by the following facts except ________ .

A. one’s familiarity with the text

B. one’s purpose in reading

C. the length of a group of words

D. lighting and tiredness

2. The author may believe that reading ______.

A. requires a reader to take in more words at each fixation

B. requires a reader to see words more quickly

C. demands an deeply-participating mind

D. demands more mind than eyes

3. What does the author mean by saying “but it’s one thing to improve a person’s ab ility to see words and quite another thing to improve his ability to read a text efficiently.” in the second parapraph?

A. The ability to see words is not needed when an efficient reading is conducted.

B. The reading exercises mentioned can’t help to improve both the ability to see an d to comprehend words.

C. The reading exercises mentioned can’t help to improve an efficient reading.

D. The reading exercises mentioned has done a great job to improve one’s ability to see words.

4. Which of the following is NOT true?

A. The visual span is a word or a group of words we see each time.

B. Many experts began to question the efficiency of eye training.

C. The emphasis on the purely visual aspects is misleading.

D.The eye training will help readers in reading a continuous text.

5. The tune of the author in writing this article is ________

A critical

B neutral

C prssimistic

D optimistic

Our quarrel with efficiency is not that it gets things done, but that it is a thief of ti me when it leaves us no leisure to enjoy ourselves, and that it strains our nerves when w e try to get things done perfectly. In building bridges, American engineers calculate so fi nely and exactly as to make the two ends come together within one-tenth of an inch. But when two Chinese begin to dig a tunnel from both sides of a mountain both come out o n the other side. --The Chinese’s firm belief is that it doesn’t matter so long as a tunnel i s dug through, and if we have two instead of one, why, we have a double track to boot.

The pace of modern industrial life forbids this kind of glorious and magnificent idl ing. But, worse than that, it imposes upon us a different conception of time as measured by the clock and eventually turns the human being into a clock himself. (This sort of thi ng is bound to come to China, as is evident, for instance, in the case of a factory of twent y thousand worker. The luxurious prospect of twenty thousand workers coming in at th eir own sweet pleasure at all hours is, of course, somewhat terrifying.)Nevertheless, suc h efficiency is what makes life so hard and full of excitement. A man who has to be punct ually at a certain place at five o’clock has the whole afternoon from one to five ruined fo r him already. Every American adult is arranging his time on the pattern of the schoolbo y - three o’clock for this, five o’clock for that, six-thirty for change of dress, six-fifty for e ntering the taxi, and seven o’clock for arriving at the destination. It just makes life not w orth living.

1. The writer objects to efficiency mainly on the grounds that it ____.

A) entitles us to too much leisure time

B) urges us to get things done punctually考试大论坛

C) deprives us of leisure time

D) imposes on us a perfect concept of time

2. In the eyes of the author, the introduction of industrial life gives rise to ____.

A) the excitement of life

B) magnificent idling of time

C) more emphasis on efficiency

D) terrifying schoolboy

3. The passage tells us ____.

A) Chinese workers come to work when it is convenient

B) all Americans are forced to be efficient against their will

C) Chinese engineers are on better terms with the management

D) Americans ought not to work so hard for efficiency

4. The author believes that relaxing the rule of punctuality in factories would lead t o ____.

A) great confusion B) increased production

C) a hard and exciting life D) successful completion of a tunnel

5. What is implied but NOT stated by the author is that ____.

A) every American is arranging his time in the pattern of a schoolboy

B) every American is reluctant to be efficient

C) every one should have some time to spend as he pleases

D) being punctual is an undesirable habit which should not be formed

Of the thousands of different kinds of animals that exist in the world man has lear ned to make friends with an enormous number. Some are pets, and offer him companio nship; some give protection, and some do hard work which man cannot do for himself. Dogs, which serve man in all three capacities, are found in various breeds in all countrie s of the world. The Husky can live in the cold polar regions, and the Saluki is at home in the hottest parts of Central Africa. The inhabitants of certain countries are dependent f or their very lives on the camel. In the West Indies the little donkey, strong and sure-foo ted, carrying heavy loads even in mountainous places, is a familiar sight.

Trained and tamed for many generations, domestic animals are not accustomed to roaming(到处走动) in search of food and shelter. They look to their masters to provide for their needs, and as long as these are supplied, they are content to do wh at their masters require.

All domestic animals need proper food. It must be suitable for them, sufficient in q uantity, fresh and clean. Some people feed a pet dog or cat on odds and ends of table scr aps, and then wonder why the animal seems listless and dull. The quantity of food depe nds on the size of the animal and the amount of exercise it takes. Overfeeding is as bad a s underfeeding. Containers for food and water must be washed regularly if the animal is to maintain good health.

Even well cared for animals may sometimes fall ill. If this happens, the wise maste r seeks the best advice he can get. All sorts of medicines and treatments are available fo r sick animals, and in some countries organizations exist to provide them free or at a ch eap price. Useful, friendly, hardworking animals deserve to have some time, money and attention spent on their health.

1. What main idea does the author want to convey in the first paragraph?

A) There exists thousands of species of animals in the world.

B) Man came to establish a close relationship with a number of animals.

C) In some regions a donkey seems to be a very useful beast.

D) An animal will be useless unless domesticated.

2. When an animal is underfed, it will probably ____.

A) refuse to obey its master B) immediately fall ill

C) require its master to offer some food D) seek for food on its own

3. Which of the following is NOT true of dogs according to the passage?

A) They can act as friends, guards, and servants to man.

B) They have great adaptation for the environment.

C) There live a great variety of breeds of dogs on the globe.

D) The Husky and the Saluki are the strongest breed ever known in the world.

4. To keep a domestic animal physically fit, its owner is advised ____.

A) not to hesitate to spend enormous amount of money on it

B) to pay attention to its proper feeding

C) not to allow it to take excessive amounts of exercise

D) to join some sort of pet-keeping organizations

5. Which of the following would be best TITLE for this passage?

A) Domesticated Animals - Man’s Best Friend B) Proper Diet - the Road to Health

C) The Advantages of Raising Domestic Animals D) Some Tips on Pet-keeping

The greatest contribution to civilization in the century may well be the air-conditio ning- and American leads just as amazing is the speed with which this situation came to be. Air-conditioning began to spread in industries as a production aid during World Wa r Ⅱ. Today most Americans need to take air-conditioning for granted to homes, offices, f actories, theatres, shops, studios, schools, hotels, and restaurants.

But not everybody is aware that high cost and easy comfort are merely two of the e ffects of the vast cooling of American. In fact, air conditioning has substantially altered t he country’s character and customs.

网 Many of the byproducts are so conspicuous that they are scarcely noticed. To begin with, air-conditioning transformed the face of America by making possible those glassy, boxy, sealed-in skyscrapers. It has been indispensable, no less, to the functioning of sen sitive advanced computers, whose high operating temperatures require that they be co nstantly cooled. . . It has, at will, forced families into retreating into families with close d doors and shut windows, reducing the interactions of neighborhood life. It is really su rprising that the public’s often noted withdrawal into self-pursuit and privacy has coinc ided with the historic spread of air-conditioning. Though science has little studied how habitual air-conditioning affects mind and body, some medical experts suggest that, like other technical avoidance of natural variations in

climate, air-conditioning may damage the human capacity to adapt to stress. If so, a ir-conditioning is only like many other greatly useful technical developments that liber ate man from nature by increasing his productivity and power in some way - while indir ectly weakening him in others.

1. According to this selection, which of the following constitutes the unique charact er of U.S.?

A)Its excessive use of air-conditioning.

B)Its advanced computerized civilization.

C)Its public’s retreating into self-pursuit.

D)Its greatest contribution to human civilization.

2. According to the author, the chief consequence brought about by the wide applic ation of air-conditioning is ____.

A)the loss of human capacity to adapt to changes in climate

B)the reduction of social communications of neighborhood life

C)the active life style of all its users D)the decreased human production and power

3. The tone of this selection reveals that air-conditioning ____.

A)has little effect on its users

B)has more effect on body than on mind

C)brings more benefits than damage to its users

D)does harm as well as good to its users

4. Who benefits the least from air-conditioning according to the author?

A)Medical experts. B)Manufacturers. C)Factory laborers. D)Consumers.

5. What is the auth or’s overall attitude towards air-conditioning?

A)Neutral B)Objective C)Critical D)Compromising

Until the 1980s, the American homeless population comprised mainly older males . Today, homelessness strikes much younger part of society. In fact, a 25-city survey by t he U. S. Conference of Mayors in 1987 found that families with children make up the fast est growing part of the homeless population. Many homeless children gather in inner ci ties; this transient and frequently frightened student population creates additional pro blems — both legal and educational — for already overburdened urban school administ rators and teachers. Estimates of the number of homeless Americans range from 350,0 00 to three million. Likewise, estimates of the number of homeless school children vary radically. A U.S. Department of Education report, based on state estimates, states that th ere are 220,000 homeless school-age children, about a third of whom do not attend sch ool on a regular basis, But the National Coalition for the Homeless estimates that there are at least two times as many homeless children, and that less than half of them attend school regularly. One part of the homeless population that is

particularly difficult to count consists of the “throwaway” youths who have been cas t of their homes. The Elementary School Center in New York City estimates that there ar e 1.5 million of them, many of whom are not counted as children because they do not sta y in family shelters and tend to live by themselves on the streets. Federal law, the Stew art B. McKinney Homeless Assistance Act of 1987, includes a section that addresses the educational needs of homeless children. The educational provisions of the McKinney Ac t are based on the belief that all homeless children have the right to a free, appropriate education.

1. It is implied in the first paragraph that ____.

A) the writer himself is homeless, even in his eighties

B) many older homeless residents are going on strike in 25 cities

C) there is a serious shortage of academic facilities

D) homeless children are denied the opportunity of receiving free education

2. The National Coalition for the homeless believes that the number of homeless chi ldren is _____.

A) 350,000 B) 1,500,000

C) 440,000 D) 110,000

3. One part of the homeless population is difficult to estimate. The reason might we ll be ____.

A) the homeless children are too young to be counted as children

B) the homeless population is growing rapidly

C) the homeless children usually stay outside school

D) some homeless children are deserted by their families

4. The McKinney Act is mentioned in this passage in order to show that ___.

A) the educational problems of homeless children are being recognized

B) the estimates on homeless children are hard to determine

C) the address of grade-school children should be located

D) all homeless people are entitled to free education

5. The passage mainly deals with ____.

A) the legal problems of the homeless children

B) the educational problems of homeless children

C) the social status of older males

D) estimates on the homeless population

Cancer is feared by everyone. And this fear is reaching epidemic proportions. Not t he disease itself — there is no such thing as a cancer epidemic. Except for lung cancer, m ostly caused by cigarette smoking ,the incidence rates are leveling off, and in the case of some kinds of cancer are decreasing. But the fear of cancer is catching, and the country stands at risk of an anxiety, The earth itself is coming to seem like a huge carcinogen. Th e ordinary, more or less scientific statement that something between 80 and 90 percent of all cancers are

dun to things in the environment is taken to mean that none of us will be safe until t he whole environment is “cleaned up.” This is not at all the meaning. The 80-percent calculation is based on the unthinkable differences in the incidence of cancer in various societies around the world — for example, the high proportion of liver cancer in Africa and the Far East, stomach cancer in Japan, breast cancer in Western Europe and North A merica, and the relatively low figures for breast cancer in Japan and parts of Africa and f or liver cancer in America. These data indicate there may be special and specific enviro nmental influences, largely based on personal life-style, that determine the incidence of various forms of cancer in different communities — but that is all the data suggest. The overall incidence of cancer, counting up all the cases, is probable roughly the same ever ywhere.

dun to things in the environment is taken to mean that none of us will be safe until t he whole environment is “cleaned up.” This is not at all the meaning.

The 80-percent calculation is based on the unthinkable differences in the incidenc e of cancer in various societies around the world — for example, the high proportion of liver cancer in Africa and the Far East, stomach cancer in Japan, breast cancer in Wester n Europe and North America, and the relatively low figures for breast cancer in Japan an d parts of Africa and for liver cancer in America. These data indicate there may be speci al and specific environmental influences, largely based on personal life-style, that deter mine the incidence of various forms of cancer in different communities — but that is all the data suggest. The overall incidence of cancer, counting up all the cases, is probable r oughly the same everywhere.

1.Which of the following is closest to meaning to the phrase “leveling off”?

A)Became very popular

B)Reached its lowest level in popularity

C)Stopped being popular

D)Stopped increasing its popularity

2.According to the passage, the incidence of cancer is generally believed _____.

A)to be based on inactive life style B)to be due to anxiety C)to result from environmental influences D)to be caused by heavy smoking

3.It can be inferred from the passage that the writer’s opinion about the relationship between cancer and environment is_____.

A)positive B)negative C)neutral D)approving 4.According to the passage, the writer seems to feel that_____.

A)cancer risk is on the rise

B)the whole earth resembles a huge carcinogen

C)the risk of catching cancer is not so great as most people conceive

D)cancer can be cured sooner or later

5.Which of the following would be the best TITLE for the passage?

A)Cancer and Environment

B)The Fear Caused by Cancers

C)Data on Cancer Incidence

D)Cancer and its Investigation

Upon reaching an appropriate age (usually between 18 and 21 years), children a re encouraged, but not forced, to “leave the nest” and begin an independent life. A fter children leave home they often find social relationship and financial support outsid e the family. Parents do not arrange marriages for their children, nor do children usua lly ask permission of their parents to get married, Romantic love is most often the basi s for marriage in the United States; young adults meet their future spouses (配偶) through other friends, at jobs, and in organizations and religious institutions,Although children choose their own spouses, they still hope their parents will approve of their choices.

In many families, parents feel that children should make major life decisions by t hemselves. A parent may try to influence a child to follow a particular profession but th e child is free to choose another career. Sometimes children do precisely the opposite of what their parents wish in order to assert their independence. A son may deliberately decide not to go into his father’s business because of a fear that he will lose his autonom y in his father’s workplace. This independence from parents is not an indication that pa rents and children do not love each other. Strong love between parents and children is u niversal and this is no exception in the American family Coexisting with such love in the American family are cultural values of self – reliance and independence.

1. The writer discusses the marriage of young adults in order to show which of the follo wing?

A) They enjoy the freedom of choosing their spouses.

B) They want to win the permission of their parents.

C) They have a strong desire to become independent.

D) They want to challenge the authority of their parents.

2. Most young adults in the U.S. get married for the sake of ____.

A) love B) financial concern C) their parents D) family bac kground

3. Based on the passage, it can be assumed that ______.

A) American young adults are likely to follow the suit of their parents

B) most American people never make major decisions for their children

C) American young adults possess cultural values of independence

D) once a young person steps into his twenties, he will leave his home permanently 4. A son is unwilling to work in his father’s business mainly because _____.

A) he wishes to make full use of what he has learnt in school

B) he wants to prove his independence

C) he wishes to do the opposite of what his parents approve of

D) he wants to show his love for his parents

5. The subject matter of this selection is _____.

A) family values B) marriage arrangements

C) the pursuit of a career D) decision making

Passage one

Questions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage.

What makes Americans spend nearly half their food dollars on meals away from h ome? The answers lie in the way Americans live today. During the first few decades of th e twentieth century, canned and other convenience foods freed the family cook from full -time duty at the kitchen range.

Then, in the 1940s, work in the wartime defense plants took more women out of t he home that ever before, setting the pattern of the working wife and mother. Unless fa mily members pitch in with food preparation, women are not fully liberated from that c hore. It's easier to pick up a bucket of fried chicken on the way home from work or tak e the family out for pizzas or burgers than to start opening cans or heating up frozen di nners after a long, hard day. Also nowadays, the rising divorce rate means that there are more single working parents with children to feed. And many young adults and elderly people, as well as unmarried and divorced mature people, live alone rather than as a pa rt of a family unit and don't want to bother cooking for one. Fast food is appealing becau se it is fast, it doesn't require any dressing up, it offers a "fun" break in the daily routine, and the outlay of money seems small. It can be eaten in the car-sometimes picked up at a drive-in window without even getting out-or on the run. Even if it is brought home to e at, there will never be any dirty dishes to wash because of the handy disposable wrappi ngs. Children, especially, love fast food because it's finger food, no struggling with knive s and forks, no annoying instructions from adults about table manners.

52. Americans enjoy fast food mainly because ________.

[A] it can be eaten in the car

[B] it is much more tasty than home-made food

[C] one only uses his fingers while eating it

[D] it is time-saving and convenient

53. It can be inferred that children ________.

[A] want to have freedom at table

[B] wash dishes after each meal

[C] are not good at using forks and knives while eating

[D] take eating time as a fun break

54. Many Americans are eating out and not cooking at home nowadays because ________.

[A] they want to make a change after eating the same food for years at home

[B] the food made outside home tastes better than food cooked at home

[C] many of them live alone or don't like taking trouble to cook

[D] American women refuse to cook at home due to women's liberation movement

55. According to the text, a drive-in window is a ________.

[A] car window from which you can see the driver

[B] window in the restaurant from which you get your meal in the car

[C] place where you check the mechanic condition of your car

[D] entrance where you return the used plates after eating

56. The expression "pitch in with" (Line 2, Para. 2) probably means________.

[A] complain [B] enjoy [C] help [D] deny

Passage Two

InfraGard is a grass-roots effort to respond to the need for cooperation and collabo ration in countering the threat of cyber crime and terrorism to private businesses and t he government. By the end of September, there will be InfraGard chapters in all 50 state s, Calloway said. With advice from the FBI, each local chapter will be run by a board of di rectors that includes members of private industry, the academic community and public agencies. Bands, utilities, and other businesses and government agencies will use a secu re Web site to share information about attempts to hack into their computer networks. Members can join the system free. A key feature of the system is a two-pronged method of reporting attacks.

A "sanitized" description of a hacking attempt or other incident-one that doesn't r eveal the name or information about the victim-can be shared with the other members to spot trends. Then a more detailed description also can be sent to the FBI's computer crimes unit to interfere if there are grounds for an investigation. Cyber crime has jumpe d in recent years across the nation, particularly in hotbeds of financial commerce and te chnology like Charlotte. "Ten years ago, all you needed to protect yourself was a safe, a f ence and security officers," said Chris Swecker, who is in charge of the FBI's Charlotte off ice. "Now any business with a modem is subject to attack." FBI agents investigate compu ter hacking that disrupted popular Web sites including Amazon. com, CNN and Yahoo!

several North Carolina victims have been identified this year. The investigation ha s also identified computer systems in North Carolina used by hackers to commit such at tacks. Prosecutions of hackers have been hampered by the reluctance of companies to r eport security intrusions for fear of bad publicity and lost business. Meanwhile, too ma ny corporations have made it too easy for criminals by sacrificing security for speed an d accessibility. Jack Wiles, who will lead the local InfraGard chapter's board, said a rece nt report estimated 97 percent of all cyber crime goes undetected. Wiles, a computer se curity expert, has a firewall on his personal computer to prevent hackers from getting i nto his files. "I get at least one report a day that somebody was trying to get into my com puter," he said, "the Net is a wonderful place, but it's also a dangerous one."

57. From the first paragraph, we know ________.

[A] InfraGard is a protective measure against cyber crime

[B] InfraGard is a measure of cooperation and collaboration

[C] there will be 50 InfraGard chapters in all states

[D] private business and the government are now committing cyber crime

58. Each local chapter of InfraGard will be run by the following EXCEPT ________.

[A] academic communities [B] public agencies [C] FBI [D] private industry

59. By saying "too many corporations...speed and accessibility" (Lines 3~

4, Para. 3), the author means ________.

[A] too many corporations take no notice of the security problem of computers

[B] criminals are sacrificing security for speed and accessibility

[C] it's very easy to sacrifice security for speed and accessibility

[D] many companies suffer from computer hacking because they value speed and access ibility more than security

60. All the following are reasons for the rise in cyber crime EXCEPT ________.

[A] victims won't report intrusions by hackers

[B] victims have no firewalls

[C] the use of modem is increasing

[D] companies don't pay enough attention to security

61. It can be concluded from the passage that ________.

[A] not all hacking attempts are worthy of investigation

[B] information of the victims is inaccessible

[C] InfraGard chapters will be in effect by the end of September

[D] https://www.sodocs.net/doc/596251763.html, was often disrupted by hacking

Passage One

No one knows when the first calendar was developed. But it seems possible that it was based on lunar months. When people started farming, the sages of the tribes becam e very important, they studied the sky and gathered enough

information to be able to predict when the seasons would change, and were able to announce when it was time to plant crops.

The divisions of time we use today were developed in ancient Babylonia 4,000 yea rs ago.Babylonian astronomers believed the sun moved around the Earth every 365 day s.They divided the trip into 12 equal parts, each with 30 days. Then they divided each d ay into 24 equal parts, or hours, and divided each hour into 60 minutes, each minute int o 60 seconds.

Humans have used many devices to measure time; the sundial was one of the earli est and simplest. However, the sundial worked well only when

the weather was fine, so other ways of measuring the passing of time were invented . One device was the hourglass. By the eighteenth century, people had developed mecha nical clocks and watches. So we have devices to mark the passing of time, but what time is it now? Clocks in different parts of the world do not show the same time at the same ti me, because time on Earth is set by the sun’s positions in the sky above us. As internatio nal communications and travel grew, it became clear that a way to establish a common t ime for all parts of the world was needed. In 1884, an international conference divided t he world into 24 time zones, each zone represents one hour. The astronomical observatory in Greenwich, England, was chosen as the starting point for the time zo nes. Twelve zones are west of Greenwich. Twelve are east. The time at Greenwich measu red by the sun is considered by astronomers to be Universal Time, also known as Green wich Mean Time.

57. Which of the following is the best title for this passage?

A) The Development of Universal Time. B) Different Ways to Measure Time.

C) Why We Measure Time the Way We do. D) How the Calendar Came into being.

58. What does the example of Babylonia astronomers reveal?

A) It reveals Babylonians’wisdom that was absent elsewhere.

B) It reveals the origin of our time measurements.

C) It reveals the limits of sometime measurements.

D) It reveals the stability of time measurements.

59. The author mentions all of the following ways to measure time EXCEPT .

A) sundial B) hourglass C) electric clock D) mechanical clock

60. According to the passage, Greenwich Mean Time .

A) provides a common time for all parts of the world

B) is calculated from the sun

C) is the 12th of the 24 time zones

D) was named after an international conference

60. According to the passage, Greenwich Mean Time .

A) provides a common time for all parts of the world

B) is calculated from the sun

C) is the 12th of the 24 time zones

D) was named after an international conference

61. With which of the following statements would the author be most likely to agree?

A) Time measurements have changed in response to need and technological developm ent.

B) In ancient Babylonia, 12 was the basic division of time.

C) The first calendar was developed because the sages of tribes were intelligent.

D) Universal Time is so named because it is applicable throughout the universe. Passage Two

Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.

For many years, scientists couldn’t figure out how atoms and molecules on the Ear th combined to make living things. Plants, fish, dinosaurs, and people are made of atom s and molecules, but they are put together in a more

complicated way than the molecules in the primitive ocean. What’s more, living thi ngs have energy and can reproduce, while the chemicals on the Earth 4 billion years ago were lifeless.

After years of study, scientists figured out that living things, including

human bodies, are basically made of amino acids and nucleotide bases. These are molecules with millions of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen atoms. How could su ch complicated molecules have been formed in the primitive soup? Scientists were stum ped.

Then, in 1953, two scientists named Harold Urey and Stanley L. Miller did a very si mple experiment to find out what had happened on the Primitive Earth. They set up so me tubes and bottles in a closed loop, and put in some of the same gases that were pres ent in the atmosphere 4 billion years ago: water vapor, ammonia, carbon dioxide, metha ne, and hydrogen.

Then they shot an electric spark through the gases to simulate bolts of lightning o n the ancient Earth, circulated the gases through some water, sent them back for more s parks, and so on. After seven days, the water that the gases had been bubbling through had turned brown. Some new chemicals were dissolved in it. When Miller and Urey anal yzed the liquid, they found that it contained amino acids—the very kind of molecules fo und in all living things.

62. When did scientists come to realize how the atoms and molecules on the Earth comb ined to make living thing?

A) 4 billion years ago. B) In 1953. C) After seven days. D) Many years later.

63. Scientists figured out that human bodies are basically made of .

A) amino acids

B) molecules

C) hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen and oxygen atoms

D) water vapor, ammonia, carbon dioxide, methane and hydrogen

64. Harold Urey and Stanley https://www.sodocs.net/doc/596251763.html,ler did their experiment in order to .

A) find out what had happened on the Earth 4 billion years ago

B) simulate bolts of lightning on the ancient Earth

C) dissolve some new chemicals

D) analyze a liquid

65. At the end of the last paragraph, the word “it” refers to .

A) a closed loop B) an electric spark C) water D) the liquid

Passage One

Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.

Culture is one of the most challenging elements of the international marketplace. T his system of learned behavior patterns characteristic of the members of a given society is constantly shaped by a set of dynamic variables: language, religion, values and attitu des, manners and customs, aesthetics, technology, education, and social institutions. To cope with this system, an international manager needs both factual and interpretive kn owledge of culture. To some extent, the factual knowledge can be learned; its interpreta tion comes only through experience.

The most complicated problems in dealing with the cultural environment stem fro m the fact that one cannot learn culture

one has to live it. Two schools of thought exist in the business world on how to deal with cultural diversity. One is that business is business the world around, following the mod el of Pepsi and McDonald’s. In some cases, globalization is a fact of life; however, cultura l differences are still far from converging.

The other school proposes that companies must tailor business approaches to indi vidual cultures. Setting up policies and procedures in each country has been compared to an organ transplant; the critical question centers around acceptance or rejection. Th e major challenge to the international manager is to make sure that rejection is not a re sult of cultural myopia or even blindness.

Fortune examined the international performance of a dozen large companies that e arn 20 percent or more of their revenue overseas. The internationally successful compa nies all share an important quality: patience. They have not rushed into situations but r ather built their operations carefully by following the most basic business principles. T hese principles are to know your adversary, know your audience, and know your custo mer.

57. According to the passage, which of the following is true?

[A]All international managers can learn culture. [B]

Business diversity is not necessary.

[C]Views differ on how to treat culture in business world.

[D]Most people do not know foreign culture well.

58. According to the author, the model of Pepsi.

[A]

is in line with the theories of the school advocating the business is business the world a round.

[B]is different from the model of McDonald’s

[C]shows the reverse of globalization

[D]has converged cultural differences

59. The two schools of thought.

[A]

both propose that companies should tailor business approaches to individual cultures [B]both advocate that different policies be set up in different countries

[C]admit the existence of cultural diversity in business world

[D]Both A and B

60. This article is supposed to be most useful for those.

[A]who are interested in researching the topic of cultural diversity

[B]who have connections to more than one type of culture

[C]who want to travel abroad

[D]who want to run business on International Scale

61. According to Fortune, successful international companies.

[A]earn 20 percent or more of their revenue overseas

[B]all have the quality of patience

[C]will follow the overseas local cultures

[D]adopt the policy of internationalization Passage Two

Passage Two

Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.

There are people in Italy who can’t stand soccer. Not all Canadians love hockey. A si milar situation exists in America, where there are those individuals you may be one of t hem who yawn or even frown when somebody mentions baseball. Baseball to them mea ns boring hours watching grown men in funny tight outfits standing around in a field sta ring away while very little of anything happens. They tell you it’s a game better suited to the 19th century, slow, quiet, and gentlemanly. These are the same people you may be o ne of them who love football because there’s the sport that glorifies “the hit”.

By contrast, baseball seems abstract, cool, silent, still.

On TV the game is fractured into a dozen perspectives, replays, close ups. The geometry of the game, however, is essential to understanding it. You will conte mplate the game from one point as a painter does his subject; you may, of course, projec t yourself into the game. It is in this projection that the game affords so much space and time for involvement. The TV won’t do it for you.

Take, for example, the third baseman. You sit behind the third base dugout and you watch him watching home plate. His legs are apart, knees flexed. His arms hang loose. H e does a lot of this. The skeptic still cannot think of any other sports so still, so passive. But watch what happens every time the pitcher throws: the third baseman goes up on hi s toes, flexes his arms or bring the glove to a point in front of him, takes a step right or le ft, backward or forward, perhaps he glances across the field to check his first baseman’s position. Suppose the pitch is a ball. “Nothing happened,” you say. “I could have had my eyes closed.”

The skeptic and the innocent must play the game. And this involvement in the stand s is no more intellectual than listening to music is. Watch the third baseman. Smooth th e dirt in front of you with one foot; smooth the pocket in your glove; watch the eyes of th e batter, the speed of the bat, the sound of horsehide on wood. If football is a symphony of movement and theatre, baseball is chamber music, a spacious interlocking of notes, c hores and responses.

62.The passage is mainly concerned with .

A.the different tastes of people for sports

B.the different characteristics of sports

C.the attraction of football

D.the attraction of baseball

63.Those who don’t like baseball may complain that.

[A]it is only to the taste of the old

[B]it involves fewer players than football

[C]it is not exciting enough

[D]it is pretentious and looks funny

64.The author admits that.

[A]baseball is too peaceful for the young

[B]baseball may seem boring when watched on TV

[C]football is more attracting than baseball

[D]baseball is more interesting than football

65.By stating “I could have had my eyes closed.” the author means (4th paragraph las t sentence).

[A]The third baseman would rather sleep than play the game

[B]

Even if the third baseman closed his eyes a moment ago, it could make no different to th e result

[C]The third baseman is so good at baseball that he could finish the game with eyes clos ed all the time and do his work well

[D]The consequent was too bad he could not bear to see it

66.We can safely conclude that the author.

[A]likes football [B]hates football [C]hates baseball [D]likes baseball

一答案:DCBAB二答案: CACBA 三答案:CCCDA四答案:CCDAC 五答案:BADBA

六答案:ABCDC七答案:CCDAB八答案:DCBCA九答案:CACBA

壹52—56DCCBC 58—61CDBA

贰57—61 CBCBA 62--65 BAAD

叁57—61 CACDB 62—66DCBBD

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